TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO. ABSTRACT LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

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1 vii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO. ABSTRACT LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS iii xii xiv xvi 1 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION MOTIVATION FOR RESEARCH RESEARCH METHODOLOGY RELEVANCE AND CONTRIBUTION ORGANIZATION OF THE THESIS 6 2 LITERATURE REVIEW INTRODUCTION ERP EVOLUTION AND IMPLEMENTATION FAILURES ERP IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS MODELS CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS (CSF) THEORETICAL EXPLORATION OF ERP IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES SUCCESS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS METHODOLOGIES SUMMARY AND RESEARCH GAPS 39

2 viii CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO. 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY INTRODUCTION PROBLEM DEFINITION STATEMENT OF RESEARCH OBJECTIVES INFORMATION SCIENCES RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES The Case Study Method The Survey Method Hybrid Research Methods THE RESEARCH FRAMEWORK ERP SELECTION METHODOLOGY- USE OF AHP CASE STUDY RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Defining the Unit of Analysis Choice of Cases for Study Data Collection Methods INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) SEM Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) SUMMARY 72

3 ix CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO. 4 CASE STUDY RESEARCH INTRODUCTION FACTORS INFLUENCING ERP OUTCOME HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPMENT CASE STUDY METHODOLOGY Defining the Unit of Analysis DATA Collection and Analysis Methods THE CASE STUDIES: ERP IMPLEMENTATION AT ABC CORPORATION Case 1: Roll out of Oracle Applications 10.4 at ABC Corporation (ERP1) Case 2: Re-implementation of Oracle Applications 11i (ERP2) DISCUSSION, ANALYSIS AND RESULTS Case Study Findings Similarities Case Study Findings Differences HYPOTHESIS TESTING IMPLICATIONS Implications for Practice Implications for Research ERP PROJECT LIFECYCLE KEY PLANNING PHASE ISSUES INTRODUCTION 105

4 x CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO. 5.2 THE DYNAMICS OF ERP IMPLEMENTATION ERP SCOPE FINALIZATION Scope Finalization Traditional Methods Scope Finalization- A New Paradigm ERP SELECTION The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Procedure for ERP Selection Application of AHP Methodology for ERP Selection Discussions DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF THE PVI INSTRUMENT INTRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT OF THE PVI SCALE Hypothesizing Constructs Scale Development Pilot Testing Field Survey Analysis and Results Regression Discussions ERP OUTCOME MEASUREMENT INTRODUCTION RESEARCH MODEL AND HYPOTHESIS 174

5 xi CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO Operationalization of Constructs Instrument Validation Structural Analysis MODELING CONCLUSIONS INTRODUCTION FINDINGS OF THE CASE STUDY RESEARCH PLANNING PHASE : DECISIONS THAT IMPACT OUTCOME INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT TESTING AND MODELING RESEARCH CONTRIBUTION LIMITATIONS OF RESEARCH SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH 202 APPENDIX APPENDIX APPENDIX APPENDIX APPENDIX APPENDIX APPENDIX REFERENCES 223 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 236 VITAE 237

6 xii LIST OF TABLES TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE NO. 2.1 Review of literature taxonomy (a) CSFs listed in literature (b) Legend for Table 2.2(a) Summary table of the key studies Research questions Case study and survey methods a comparison Methodologies used ERP Project chronology Differences in project goals ERP 1 and ERP Planned versus Actual benefits of ERP Results of empirical study Evaluation Criteria The Saaty rating scale Adapted scale for ERP criteria evaluation Reciprocal matrix Normalized matrix Random Index (RI) Table AHP Calculation final outputs ERP comparison table criteria: Total Cost(TC) AHP Results TC ERP selection: final priorities (a) Leadership Item Pool (b) Process Item Pool 147

7 xiii TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE NO. 6.1(c) Implementation Context(IC) Item Pool Construct labels Inter-Judge agreements Constructs items: original and culled list Reliability coefficients Factor analysis results Details of Field Survey Descriptive statistics Path Loadings and reliability indicators of PVI Scale Global fit indicators PVI Scale Discriminant validity Sample data set (a) Regression results (b) Models summary Constructs and Measures expert rating Constructs and Measures used for field survey Descriptive Statistics CFA Analysis Discriminant validity Test Models comparison Summary of research contributions 195 A6.1 AHP detailed workings 216 A 7.1 Pair-wise Comparison Matrices 220 A7.2 Supermatrix S 221 A7.3 Supermatrix S 221 A 7.4 Limit Supermatrix S 5 222

8 xiv LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE NO. 2.1 The success / failure matrix The Delone McLean success model (a) Research Framework (b) Research Framework (Scale Development) ERP selection methodology use of AHP Scale development procedure ANN Multilayered perceptron Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) ANFIS structure Reinforcing loops in ERP implementation Causal Loop Diagram ERP assimilation process Requirement Engineering (RE) sub-processes Single Goal Set a revised paradigm AHP Methodology Objective hierarchy ERP selection Conceptual model Staged approach : defining constructs and selecting measures Scree plot (a) Scale: Leadership (b) Scale: Implementation Context (c) Scale: Process Path Diagram PVI Instrument Residual plots for user satisfaction 166

9 xv FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE NO. 7.1 Delone McLean IS success model The revised Delone McLean Model Gable et al IS Impact Model Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) ERP Success model (a) Path diagram-success measurement (b) Path Diagram success (detailed) Modeling results using ANN ANFIS Results ERP outcome model 186 A1.1 Evolution of ERP 206 A2.1 ERP Schema (Using SAP R/3 as exemplar) 207 A3.1 Research Methodologies in IS Literature 208 A5.1 AIM Framework 215 A7.1 ANP Framework-ERP selection 219

10 xvi LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS SYMBOLS a i max x n O i p i R 2 - Actual i th value - Beta coefficient - Factor loading - Firing strength - Max eigen value - Mean - Membership function - Number of samples - Output at the i th node - Predicted i th value - R Squared ABBREVIATIONS ASAP Accelerated SAP ANFIS - Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference systems AHP - Analytical Hierarchy Process ANP - Analytical Network Process AIM - Applications Implementation Methodology ANN - Artificial Neural Networks AVE - Average Variance Extracted CLD - Causal Loop Diagram COTS - Commercial Off The Shelf (Software) CFI - Comparative Fit Index

11 xvii CFA - Confirmatory Factor Analysis CR - Construct Reliability CSF - Critical Success Factors DV - Dependent Variable EOU - Ease Of Use ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning ES Enterprise Systems EFA - Exploratory Factor Analysis FIS - Fuzzy Inference System GFI - Goodness of Fit Index IC - Implementation Context IV - Independent Variable II - Individual Impact IQ - Information Quality IS - Information Sciences IT - Information Technology KRA - Key Result Area L - Leadership MIS - Management Information Systems MRP11 - Manufacturing Resources Planning MRP1 - Material Requirements Planning MAPE - Mean Average Percentage Error MF - Membership Function MCDM - Multi Criteria Decision Making MLRA - Multiple Linear Regression Analysis NASSCOM - National Association of Software Services Companies NNFI - Non Normed Fit Index NFI - Normed Fit Index OI - Organizational Impact

12 xviii PGFI - Parsimony Goodness of Fit Index PLS - Partial Least Square P - Process PMBOK - Project Management Body of Knowledge PVI - Project Vulnerability Index RE - Requirements Engineering RMSEA - Root Mean Square Error of Approximation SGIM - Single Goal Implementation Methodology SGS - Single Goal Set SDLC - Software Development Life Cycle SEM - Structural Equation Modeling SD - System Dynamics SQ - System Quality VE - Variance Extracted

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