Module 4 : ICT for Health Executives in ASEAN

Transcription

1 Module 4 : ICT for Health Executives in ASEAN Assoc. Prof. Dr. Chailerd Pichitpornchai, M.D., Ph.D. President, Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University There are five topics that would be covered in this lecture comprising: 1. Information System & Information and Communication Technology 2. Healthcare Information System for ASEAN 3. Organization Development using ICT 4. Human Resource & Executives Development 5. Leadership Development & Change Management using ICT 1. Information System & Information and Communication Technology First of all, we should able to distinguish the Information System (IS) from the Information Communication Technology (ICT). 1.1 What is the Information System (IS)? The system is composed of Input, Process, Output, and Feedback as shown in the diagram below. Figure 1: A System

2 The Input for an Information System represents what is entered into the system, for example, data entry from a keyboard, a microphone, a mouse or other pointing devices, or data read from a data storage (thumb drive, hard disk). The data are then processed by a microprocessor of a computer or computerized electronic device. The Output from the data processing could be Information or Knowledge which are sent to the output device, such as showing on a screen or monitor, printing to a printer, generating voice or noise to a speaker, storing to a hard disk or a thumb drive. The Feedback represents some clues re-entering to the Input or Process in order to activate to deactivate the process to keep the system balanced. The Information System is therefore represented by a chain of data entry entered into the system to be processed, and generating an output. At the same time, it is controlled by the feedback signaling. 1.2 What is Management Information System (MIS)? Figure 2: Management Information System (MIS) (DW: Data Warehouse, DM: Data Mining, BI: Business Intelligence)

3 The Management Information System (MIS) is a system comprising the fundamental disorganized data at the very bottom of the left triangle of Figure 2. When the data are organized by categorizing and sorting, they are then classified as Information whose volume is reduced because some of the data are discarded. When the Information is screened by some rules, then it becomes Knowledge whose volume is further reduced because of the deduction process. When the knowledge is used wisely, the so-called Wisdom. For Data-Information-Knowledge usage s point of view, data are used by operators for daily operation, information is used by middle managers for general management, and knowledge is used by top executives for making decisions. If the Decision Support System (DSS) is then developed further to a higher level, it becomes Artificial Intelligence. At the Decision Support System level (the right triangle of Figure 2), it has been devised to other applications like Data Warehouse (DW), Data Mining (DM), and Business Intelligence (BI). 1.3 Information System Concept The concept of Information System is to store, update, retrieve and exploit the data or information. 1. Store: the system should be able to store big data or kept on the cloud computing (such as SkyDrive). 2. Update: the system should be able to be updated in a faster and near real-time manner. 3. Retrieve: the information should be able to be retrieved locally or online. 4. Exploit: the information could be used for immediate application. 1.4 What is the Information and Communication Technology (ICT)? The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) could be divided into 3 components as follows: 1. Computer Technology: It is meant to be used only for personal purpose consisting of - PC / Notebook / Tablet PC / NetBook - Hand-Held Electronic Devices that are smaller but more capable, such as o Android platform: SmartPhone / Galaxy Tablet/ Galaxy Note o ios platform: iphone / ipad - Smaller size but bigger storage: o Memory: Thumb Drive, Memory Stick o External Disk Storage: External Hard Disk, Sky Drive o CD-ROM/VCD (650MB), DVD (4.7 GB) o Blu-Ray Disc (25/50 GB) 2. Communication Technology: It is meant to be used for sharing data, information and knowledge with others. It consists of wired and wireless networks: - Wired Network o Direct cable, UTP, Fiber Optic Cable o Telephone: Analog / ISDN, Leased line, ADSL - Wireless Network o Infrared, Microwave, LASER, Satellite, Bluetooth

4 o Edge Modem/Air card o Wireless LAN: Wi-Fi b/g/n, WiMAX o Mobile Phone, WAP 3. Contemporary Technology: The technology that are used for complementing the other two components of ICT mentioned above, for examples: - Digital Library, E-Book, E-Journal - Virtual Reality, Robot, Robot Animal - Video Conference: IPTV - Digital (Video) Camera, Scanner - Video/Audio tape, Radio, TV, Textbook - Network Technology - Software Technology - Pattern/Voice Recognition 2. Healthcare Information System for ASEAN Before the Healthcare Information System is mentioned, we should be aware of the composition of healthcare stake holders. Then the various types of Medical Records and Health Management Information System in Thailand and ASEAN would be mentioned. 2.1 Healthcare Stake Holders Healthcare stake holders are composed of 1. Healthcare Providers a. Medical staff b. Paramedical staff: Pharmacist, Nurse, etc. 2. Patients and Relatives 3. Third Parties a. Suppliers b. Payers, Insurance Company c. Ministry of Public Health (MoPH), Medical Council, World Health Organization (WHO), etc. 2.2 Healthcare Information System Healthcare providers make use of 1. Healthcare Information System (HIS) or Hospital Information System (HIS) 2. Hospital Management Information System (HMIS) is composed of a. Front Office comprising the Electronic Medical Record (EMR), and b. Back Office comprising Inventory, Financial/Accounting system, and human resource management.

5 2.3 HMIS in Thailand The Hospital Management Information System (HMIS) in Thailand is composed of the Front Office and the Back Office detailed as follows: 1. Front Office (FO) is used for hospital s frontline services for patients, daily frontline operations or transactions. Normally it is processed in real time and online manner. 2. Back Office (BO) comprises hospital s management and supporting systems. It is used for interval operations or transactions. Normally it is processed in batch, and either offline or online manner. The Front Office and Back Office are normally interfaced with a module called Front-Back Interface (FBI) shown in Figure 3. Figure 3: Front-Back Interface (FBI) showing the relationship between Front Office (FO) and Back Office (BO). Note: OPD: Out-Patient Department, IPD: In-Patient Department, MIS : Management Information System, EIS : Executive Information System) 2.4 Medical Record There are 3 types of medical records used at present: 1. Paper Medical Record: This is the conventional medical records used in ASEAN countries for over a hundred years.

6 2. Semi-Electronic Medical Record: This is a hybrid between conventional medical record and electronic medical record. The semi-electronic medical record part is used for tracking the paper medical record, and mostly for recording the patient s social data, diagnosis, investigation and treatment. Most of the semi-electronic medical record will leave out the clinical data, progress note, anesthetic note, operative note, nurse note, physiotherapy note, and other notes. 3. Electronic Medical Record: This is the full version of electronic medical record where the left out part mentioned in the semi-electronic medical record above are fulfill. 2.5 Why using Electronic Medical Record (EMR)? The EMR is used to 1. improve the quality of care, reduce the cost of care, and provide better access to more fine grained clinical data; 2. standardize dataset and coding; and 3. facilitate interoperability & integrate healthcare service. 2.6 HMIS for ASEAN In ASEAN Countries, the HMIS is used for the following purposes: 1. Internationalization: The ASEAN language is English, however, Mandarin Chinese is an alternative language because there are a lot of Chinese in ASEAN countries. The HMIS should be able to identify patients in each country, provide a wide number of diagnosis of tropical diseases, as well as support of money exchange among ASEAN countries. 2. Accessibility: The citizens of ASEAN members should be able to access to their own personal data or medical record. 3. The HMIS should provide security, stability, and speedy access. 3. Organization Development using ICT To develop organization using ICT, the following factors should be considered: 1. Business point of view: Product or Service Systems should be of concern. 2. Higher Education point of view: Education, Training, Research and Service should be of concern. 3. ICT Points of view: Network Infrastructure, Hardware, Software & Database, Human Resource including Technical / Nontechnical staff should be of concern. 4. Human Resource & Executives Development For human resource development, the following users should be trained or developed: 1. General users: the users who use the HMIS in general, for examples, medical and paramedical supporting staff. 2. Super-users: the users who are very capable of using the HMIS and can help fixing frontline problems. 3. Executives: the middle managers and top executives are included in this group mostly use the HMIS for management purpose and making decisions. 4. Technical ICT staff: these staff would play important role on maintaining the HMIS.

7 For Executives Development, the following factors should be of concern: 1. ICT & Languages 2. Basic ICT Tools a. Network access b. Hardware: Electronic Hand-Held Device, Notebook c. Software: www, , social media, presentation program 3. DB: Executive Information System (EIS) a. Decision Support System (DSS) b. Data warehouse (DW) & Data mining (DM) c. Business Intelligence (BI) 5. Leadership Development & Change Management using ICT For leadership development and change management using ICT, the following factors should be of concern: 1. Management by facts: For executives, the fact report summary from the HMIS should be provided to the executives or leaders in order for them to be able to use for making decisions. 2. All of the data, information & knowledge should be updated regularly. 3. Knowledge Management should be provided in order to keep the organization up-to-date, survive, and advance in its discipline. 4. Risk Management should be of concern in order to be flexible to change and to be able to cope with corporate risks. 5. Change Management a. All of the data, information and knowledge should be used for coping with the changes world. b. Trend prediction is also very essential for change management. Note: Based on the author s personal knowledge and experiences, the lecture and paper have been exclusively prepared and edited by the author without peer review. Since her/his expertise in the lecture topic has been widely recognized. The module presentation s purpose is for academic service only not for commercial. In case of any reference, please refer to the author, year of course production and the website as below. Pichitpornchai, C. (2016). Module 4 : ICT for Health Executives in ASEAN. Retrieved from Leadership Development and Change Management for Nurse Executives in ASEAN Countries. Website: