Information Systems 202. Regent Business School

Transcription

1 Information Systems 202 Regent Business School

2 Aims of This Module Describe the operational and managerial roles of information systems Gain an appreciation of the major concepts, developments and managerial implications involved in computer hardware, software, database management and telecommunications technologies Demonstrate an understanding of how information technology is used in modern information systems to support the end user collaboration, enterprise operations, managerial decision making and strategic advantage Utilize information systems to support decision making

3 Information Systems in Perspective Section 1 Introduction: Information Age Importance of information Systems What You need to know The 5 areas of knowledge

4 What is IS? Can be any organized combination of people, hardware, software, communication networks and data resources that collect, transforms and disseminate information in an organization. What is a System? Components of a System: Input Processing Output - Feedback/Control System Concepts: Technology, Applications, Development & Management

5 Application of IS Concepts People (System Users or/and End-Users) Tasks: Categorized into 4 1)Tasks related to communication amongst people in the organization 2)Tasks related to decision-making 3) Tasks related to operations of the organization 4) Tasks related to strategic management Information: Facts, statistics, data to accomplish a task Organization: The Business/Firm Environment: Global competitive business environment

6 Information Technology * Differentiate between IS and IT IT performs 5 information functions: 1. Acquisition 2. Processing 3. Storage and retrieval 4. Presentation 5. Transmission

7 Information Systems Cont d Benefit of IS Types of Information 1. Strategic information 2. Tactical Information 3. Operational Information IS for Business Transactions: The Transaction Processing Cycle Entering the data Processing data Storing and updating data Document & report presentation User inquiry

8 IS for Business Transactions Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) ERP (pronounced E-R-P ) systems are core software programs used by companies to integrate and coordinate information in every area of the business. ERP: Helps organizations manage company-wide Business Processes, using a common database and shared management reporting tools. Supports Cross functional Integration: Integrates tasks related to Sales, Marketing, Manufacturing, logistics, accounting, HR and staffing-throughout a business. - Cuts down time-consuming and unwieldy paper trail when negotiating and closing sales with retailers

9 Some ERP Characteristics Flexible flexible to respond to the changing needs of an enterprise Modular and Open open system architecture; support multiple hardware platforms Comprehensive support variety of organizational functions and must be suitable for a wide range of business organizations Beyond the Company should not be confined to the organizational boundaries Allow access to data in real time Best business practices collection of best business processes with worldwide applications.

10 Why Organizations Undertake ERP Systems Integrate financial information Integrate customer order information Standardize and speed up manufacturing processes Reduce inventory Standardize HR information

11 Automated Information Systems for Design & Manufacturing Computer-Aided Design (CAD) Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) Computer-integrated Manufacturing (CIM) Reasons for CAD/CAM Development: 1. Increase productivity 2. Reduce construction cost 3. Improved communication & efficiency between design & manufacturing dept.

12 Management Information Systems Section 2 Why do we need MIS? MIS gives a manager the information needed to make certain decisions, typically structured decisions, regarding the operational activities of the organization. MIS provides 3 types of reports: 1. Detailed Reports 2. Summary Reports 3. Exception Reports

13 MIS: Information Attributes Relevance Accuracy Timeliness Target Format Interactive nature Control

14 Managers & Decision Making Self Check Questions Functions and roles of a Manager? 3 types of Decisions and Decisions made by different management levels?

15 IT to Support Managerial Communications Collaborative Work Distributed Computing Automated Office Inter-organizational Information Systems Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) Business Alliances International Information Systems

16 IT to Support Managerial Decision-Making Decision-Making Concepts: Intelligence, Design, Choice and Implementation Decision Support Systems: Planning, Analyzing alternatives, Trial & Error Search for solution. Elements of Decision Support Systems: Database - Model Base - Software providing interactive dialogue (User Interface) Group Decision Support Systems and GIS Executive Information Systems Expert Systems MIS in perspectives

17 IT to Support Business Strategy Strategic Concepts Strategy: Strategy is an organization's intention to pursue a set of activities over the long-term to attain its goals. Why we need Strategy? Competition, New competition, Customers, Suppliers and Substitution 5 Strategies to achieve competitive advantage: 1. Cost Leadership Strategy 2. Differentiation Strategy 3. Innovation Strategy 4. Growth Strategy 5. Alliance Strategy

18 Computers: Evolution and Future Trends Section 3 What is a Computer? A computer is a programmable, electronic device that acceots data, performs operations on data, presents the results and store the data or results as needed. Basic Operations of a Computer: 1. Input 2. Processing 3. Output 4. Storage

19 Evolution of Computers Evolution of Computers: 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd, 4 th and 5 th Generation Computers Computer Today: Mainframes and Super Computers; Workstations & PCs; Portable Computers (Notebook Computers); Embedded Computers and Special-Purpose Computers (Smart TV)

20 The Internet Evolution The emergence of Network The Internet Explosion The Internet Culture Living with Computers: Explanation/Application/Implications

21 Computers Hardware Section 4 Basic Operations of a Computer: 1. Receives Input 2. Process Information 3. Produce Output 4. Store Information We will look at the 4 basic components of computer hardware: Input devices, Output devices, Processing devices and Storage devices

22 Computers Hardware Cont d Input devices: Keyboards, Pointing devices Output devices: Monitors, Printers Processing devices Storage devices: Hard drives, Flash drives - bits, bytes and other units - CPU (Intel, AMD) and Memory (RAM, ROM) - Buses, Ports and Peripherals - Motherboard

23 Buses, Ports and Peripherals trjrhj