Ohio s Historic Courthouses

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Poppy Collins
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1 Ohio s Historic Courthouses Preservation of the Courthouse s Building Characteristics: Roofs, Masonry, Windows, and More Jim Turissini, AIA Garmann/Miller Architects Engineers Ron Smallwood, AIA Garmann/Miller Architects Engineers David R. Mertz Belmont College, May 16, 2014

2 Although Ohio s 88 courthouses have different styles, (Federal, Greek Revival, Napoleonic Second Empire, Italianate, Richardsonian Romanesque, Victorian, Renaissance Revival, Art Deco and Modern) they have common enemies of: Time Lack of Funds Water Outdated Systems Changing Use

3 Choosing the most appropriate treatment for a building requires careful decisionmaking about a buildings historical significance, as well taking into account a number of other considerations: - Relative importance in history - Physical condition - Proposed use - Mandated code requirements

4 A courthouse is a sum of its Parts and Systems A Heating System B Roofing C Ventilation / Air Conditioning E Electrical Systems E Plumbing and Fixtures F Windows G Stained Glass Windows / Art Work H Plaza Structure and Foundation I Structure: Floors and Roof J General Finishes K Interior Lighting L M N O P Q R S T U V Security Systems Emergency / Egress Lighting Fire Alarm ADA Site Conditions Sewage System Water Supply Exterior Doors Hazardous Materials Life Safety Technology

5 Roofs

6 The essential ingredients for replacing and maintaining a historic roof are: - Understanding the historic character of the building and being sympathetic to it - Careful examination and recording of the existing roof and any evidence of earlier roof - Consideration of the historic craftsmanship and detailing and implementing them in - Supervision of the roofers or maintenance personnel to assure preservation of historic understanding of the scope and detailing of the project - Consideration of alternative materials where the original cannot be used - Cyclical maintenance program to assure that the staff understands how to take care of trouble spots to safeguard

Typical Historic Materials CLAY TILE PROS - Durability

S L A T E PROS - Long Lasting - Many colors and shapes

H I N G L E S PROS - Available in wood, metal, asphalt

factors - Higher maintenance M E T A L PROS - Long

7 Typical Historic Materials CLAY TILE PROS - Durability and long life - Many Shapes CONS - Heavy and expensive S L A T E PROS - Long Lasting - Many colors and shapes CONS - Very specialized installation, very expensive S H I N G L E S PROS - Available in wood, metal, asphalt - Cost effective CONS - Effected by environmental factors - Higher maintenance M E T A L PROS - Long lasting - Easy to install - Affordable CONS - Noisy - Expansion/leaking

8 Locating the Problem Flashing Roof Gutters

9 Locating the Problem Flashing Roof Fasteners/Clip

10 Locating the Problem Structure

11 Repair and Replace Alternate Materials Asphalt Ceramic Tiles Standing Seam Roof

12 Repair and Replace

Cost per Square Foot Life Expectancy Built up Roof $5.45 to $6.65 15 20 years Single Membrane $5.00 to $6.25 15 25 years Metal $8.65 to $10.65 Steel $9.25 to $12.00 Aluminum $15.00 to $18.

13 Cost per Square Foot Life Expectancy Built up Roof $5.45 to $ years Single Membrane $5.00 to $ years Metal $8.65 to $10.65 Steel $9.25 to $12.00 Aluminum $15.00 to $18.40 Copper $16.85 to $20.60 Zinc Copper years years years years Shingle $4.15 to $5.10 Asphalt $6.90 to $8.40 Wood $5.10 to $6.25 Metal $10.25 to $12.55 Clay $11.30 to $13.80 Slate years years years years years

14 Masonry

Typical Historic Materials B R I C K PROS -

installed properly S T O N E PROS - More

15 Typical Historic Materials B R I C K PROS - Cheap, Strong, Easy to install CONS Labor intensive to install CONCRETE PROS - Flexible, can be colored and placed in shapes CONS Must be installed properly S T O N E PROS - More expensive, many shapes and colors CONS Requires special installation

16 Common Masonry Problems are moisture related Blistering Chipping Coving Cracking Crazing Crumbling Delamination Detachment Efflorescence Erosion Exfoliation Flaking Friability Peeling Pitting Rising Damp Salt Fretting Spalling Subflorescence Sugaring Surface Crust/Surface Induration Weathering Leads to Interior damage Deterioration Corrosion of lintels and embedded elements Cracking

17 Moisture Related Problems Solution Replace limestone Seal Plaza Fill Control Joints Add dehumidification to crawl space

18 Moisture Related Problems

22 Possible Solutions to Masonry Problems Cleaning and coating Repointing/crack repair Masonry repair

23 Cleaning and Coating - Can hurt more than help if done incorrectly Water XO Chemical Abrasive

24 Repointing A mortar joint is a walls first line of defense Plan carefully - Is noisy and requires scaffolding - If needed it will last years or more - Color, texture, sand and tooling to match - New mortar must be more vapor permeable - New mortar must be softer

25 Masonry Repair Cracking

26 Spalling

27 Windows and Doors

28 Delaware County Courthouse

29 Geauga County Courthouse Van Wert County Courthouse

30 Carroll County Courthouse

31 Could there have been a better architectural solution?

32 Harrison County Courthouse

33 Typical Wood Window Problems Glazing putty is dried and cracked and no longer seals the joint. Paint is alligator cracked and has begun to detach from the woodwork. Conveying system is broken preventing the windows from being operational. Wood has begun to deteriorate. End grain and smaller sections are especially susceptible to damage.

34 Typical Metal Window Problems The metal components of the sash and frame have begun to deteriorate. Iron will rust and other metals will typically oxidize. Anodized surfaces have begun to fade and become pitted. Metals have expanded and contracted unevenly causing the window to become warped. Rubber or vinyl seals have begun to deteriorate.

35 Lessons in Painting and Caulking Prep First Both need good Adhesion For both to remain elastic they need to maintain a moderate thickness. Too much or too little is NOT a good thing.

38 Specialty Windows Art Glass (Stained Glass) Unique Shapes and Sizes (Lancet Arches, Oculus, Octagon, etc.) Unique components (Complex Muttons and Mullions)

39 Three Biggest Stained Glass Problems Lead has oxidized, swollen and has become brittle.

40 Three Biggest Stained Glass Problems Lead has oxidized, swollen and has become brittle. Window is not vented causing the lead to expand with no place to go so it bows, breaking glass.

41 Three Biggest Stained Glass Problems Lead has oxidized, swollen and has become brittle. Window is not vented causing the lead to expand with no place to go so it bows, breaking glass. Glass is broken by accident or vandalism.

SITE AND BUILDING INSPECTION CHECKLIST

SITE AND BUILDING INSPECTION CHECKLIST PARISH BUILDING Page 1 of 6 SITE AND GROUNDS DATE INIT COMMENTS DATE INIT COMMENTS Ramps & Provisions for Handicap Designated parking spaces for Handicap Has soil dropped or heaved Is there standing water