MAMMAL BURROW CHARACTERIZATION AND EFFECTIVENESS OF BURROW GROUTING
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1 MAMMAL BURROW CHARACTERIZATION AND EFFECTIVENESS OF BURROW GROUTING Diego Cobos, Michelle Shriro, Nicholas Sitar, Jonathan Bray University of California, Berkeley 1
2 INTRODUCTION Mammal burrowing activity generates large voids (macropores) which have the potential to generate rapid saturation of embankments, piping, internal erosion and levee collapse (ASDSO, 2002). FEMA 473,
3 OBJECTIVES Assess extents and architecture of burrow networks under different levee materials, maintenance conditions and food sources Study efficacy of current CA Department of Water Resources (DWR) grouting techniques Estimate volumes of voids generated by burrow activity Estimate effects on seepage and piping potential 3
4 TEST 1: SANDY LEVEE SITE Sacramento River 3.3 m m 1 2 Landside ditch Waterside berm 12 m 3 m (10 ft) tall sandy levee No grouting or baiting practices in place Source of food approximately 30 ft from landside toe 4
5 OBSERVED INTRUSIONS - Squirrel Active Squirrel burrows on landside slope 50 cm 50 cm
6 OBSERVED INTRUSIONS - Squirrel Active Squirrel burrows near waterside toe 6
7 LEVEE MATERIALS Cross Section Road base Waterside Landside 2 1 Sand Levee Clay + cemented sand seams 7
8 PRE TEST CONDITIONS WATERSIDE CROWN LANDSIDE Inactive burrows (77) Active burrows (21) Crack (Grid in meters, 1 m: 3.28 ft) 8
9 DWR GROUTING SEPTEMBER 2, 2011 DWR Equipment Mix on site cement truck Presentation to SAFCA 9
10 CHEMICAL GROUTING SEPTEMBER 17,
11 EXCAVATION - WATERSIDE 2.4 m (8 ft)
12 EXCAVATION - WATERSIDE Waterside main burrow was a linear feature, extending several feet from the toe into the levee, finishing in a large den. Location and extent of this burrow was highly dependent on clay/sand interface.
13 EXCAVATION - LANDSIDE 1.2 m (4 ft) Mixed zone Cement grout Urethane grout waterside landside 13
14 EXCAVATION - LANDSIDE Previous image 14
15 EXCAVATION - LANDSIDE 15
16 EXCAVATION - LANDSIDE Levee crown Level 1 (removed) Level 2 Level 3 Clean urethane Landside toe 16
17 River Ditch 17
18 Side View Landside Burrow System Green: cement grout Pink: urethane grout Crown 1 m 3 m 18 Front View
19 Side View 2.6 m Top View 2.4 m Side View (levee removed) 2.4 m (8 ft) Front View Den 2.6 m Waterside Burrow System 19
20 TEST 2: CLAYEY LEVEE SITE 6 5 This site had sand boils and through seepage associated with squirrel burrows in DWR started grouting yearly after 2000 (Photos courtesy Al Romero, DWR). 20
21 (12) (110) 21
22 Landside slope looking south Levee crown Levee toe 22
23 Encountered a squirrel burrow (~10 cm diameter) completely penetrating the embankment, 23 approximately 1.2 m below the crown. Levee crown looking south 10 ft
24 Levee crown looking north landside Waterside 24
25 Landside Waterside 25
26 Plan View Waterside 1 m Crown Landside Green: cement grout Pink: urethane grout 26
27 CEMENT-BENTONITE GROUT EFFICACY STUDY SITE Sandy Levee Clayey Levee Cement-Bentonite Grout, m Urethane Grout, m Total Volume, m % Cement-Bentonite 74% 82% % Urethane 26% 18% % of Levee Removed 0.24% 0.31% Current cement-bentonite grout techniques by DWR fill more than ¾ of the voids created by squirrels and gophers. This percentage appears to increase when a yearly grouting program is in place (clayey site). However, some defects are evident in the grout mix. 27
28 Voids in cement grout Ungrouted holes next to cement Ungrouted holes with no surface expression Cracking and degradation of cement grout 28
29 SUMMARY OF OBSERVATIONS 1. Presence of clay seams directly related to burrows Presentation to SAFCA 29
30 SUMMARY OF OBSERVATIONS 2. Recurrence of burrows Presentation to SAFCA 30
31 SUMMARY OF OBSERVATIONS % of the burrows were filled by DWR cement-bentonite grout Presentation to SAFCA 31
32 SUMMARY OF OBSERVATIONS 4. Discontinuities and defects in DWR grout Presentation to SAFCA 32
33 SUMMARY OF OBSERVATIONS 5. Small number of ungrouted holes
34 SUMMARY OF OBSERVATIONS 6. Effects of regular maintenance Number of Holes # of holes ft3 of grout per hole Year Volume of Grout per Hole (cu.ft) Data courtesy Al Romero and Roy Kroll, DWR 34
35 SUMMARY OF OBSERVATIONS 7. Completely penetrating burrows 35
36 SUMMARY OF OBSERVATIONS 8. Influence of other species Pleasant Grove Creek Canal. Image courtesy Ray Costa Medford Island. Image courtesy MBK Engineers Arcade Creek. Image courtesy Richard Marck, ARFCD 36
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