Fire Resistive Construction

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1 Fire Resistive Construction Rich Walke UL Codes and Advisory Services UL and the UL logo are Trademarks of UL 2017 January 20, 2017 Rich Walke 29 years conducting and supervising investigations on surface flammability, factory built air duct products, fire-resistance-rated construction, firestop systems, joint systems and perimeter fire containment systems Developed test method and test equipment for testing joint systems and perimeter fire containment systems 11 years in the UL Codes and Advisory Services Department Member of ICC Fire Safety Committee during current code development cycle Member of NFPA 101/5000 Fire Protection Features Committee and NFPA 220/221 Technical Committee 2 Objective At the end of this lesson, you will: Understand the intent and purpose behind fire resistive construction Understand the code requirements, testing procedures, plan review requirements and inspection practices relating to fire resistive construction 3 1

2 Objective Cont. Be able to navigate UL s Fire Resistance Directory, Online Certifications Directory, Product Spec and Code Link in order to identify listed products and assemblies which demonstrate compliance with the requirements of the 2015 Michigan Building Code 4 Agenda Overview of UL Fire Event Timeline Fire-Resistance-Rated Construction Definitions Michigan Building Code Requirements Establishing Fire-Resistance Ratings Methods of Showing Code Compliance Navigating the UL Directories 5 Agenda Cont. Permitted Changes to Designs UL s Online Resources Engineering Judgments Plan Review and Inspection Openings in Fire-Resistance-Rated Construction Summary and Closing 6 2

3 Overview of UL - Topics for Discussion Who is UL? UL s Codes and Advisory Services Department 7 Underwriters Laboratories Testing & certification organization Founded in 1894 Five major U.S. testing facilities Worldwide offices 11,615 employees 170 locations globally 104 countries with UL customers 22 billion UL Marks appearing on new products in ,614 published Standards 8 Support for Regulatory Community Product Directories Newsletters The Code Authority Fire & Security Authority TCA Electrical Connections EPH RegULator ULtimate Training Seminars Code Development Technical Assistance 9 3

4 Technical Support For Technical Assistance, Call (800) or 10 Fire Event Timeline EVENT Overheated cord Localized open flame Fire propagates to second item Fire propagates along interior surfaces Flashover of room of origin Fire propagates to adjacent rooms Structure Is lost TIME RESPONSE BY UL LISITED PRODUCTS Line cord protection Smoke detectors Fire suppression Building materials & contents Fire resistance Fire services 11 Fire-Resistance-Rated Construction 12 4

5 Definitions Fire-resistance - That property of materials or their assemblies that prevents or retards the passage of excessive heat, hot gases or flames under conditions of use. (MBC) 13 Definitions Cont. Fire-resistance rating - The period of time a building element, component or assembly maintains the ability to confine a fire, continues to perform a given structural function, or both, as determined by the tests, or the methods based on tests, prescribed in Section 703. (MBC) Passage of Flames Heat Transmission Structural Integrity 14 Definitions Cont. Fire-protection rating - The period of time that an opening protective assembly will maintain the ability to confine a fire as determined by tests prescribed in Section 716. Ratings are stated in hours or minutes. (MBC) Passage of Flames Structural Integrity 15 5

6 Definitions Cont. Compartmentation Strategically placed fire-resistance-rated walls and floors with protected openings located to prevent spread of fire by dividing the building into Fire Areas. Also used to provide means of egress. (RW) 16 Standards Writing Organizations American National Standards Institute (ANSI) ASTM International (ASTM) FM Global National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Underwriters Laboratories (UL) 17 Third Party Testing Labs Underwriters Laboratories FM Global Intertek Testing Services Omega Point Laboratories Warnock Hersey Southwest Research Institute 18 6

7 Fire-Resistance-Rated Construction Michigan Building Code Requirements for Fire-Resistance- Rated Construction 19 Code Requirements Chapters 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 10 of the MBC Chapters 3 and 4 Defines Occupancies Chapter 5 General Building Heights and Areas Permitted building area based on four factors: Type of construction Occupancy Available frontage Use of sprinklers 20 Code Requirements Cont. Section 508 Covers mixed use considerations Chapter 6 Types of Construction Table 601 Establishes hourly rating required for building elements based on Type of Construction Table 602 Establishes hourly rating required for exterior walls based on fire separation distance, type of construction and occupancy 21 7

8 Code Requirements Cont. Chapter 7 Fire and Smoke Protection Features Fire-resistance ratings shall be determined in accordance with ASTM E119 or UL Nonsymmetrical walls shall be tested from both faces 22 Code Requirements Cont Assemblies considered unrestrained unless registered design professional provides evidence satisfactory to AHJ that construction qualifies for restrained classification per ASTM E119 or UL Code Requirements Cont Methods for determining fire resistance shall be based on fire exposure and acceptance criteria of ASTM E119 or UL

9 Code Requirements Cont Cont. Required fire resistance permitted to be established based on any of the following: Designs documented from approved sources Prescriptive requirements from Section 721 Calculations in accordance with Section 722 Engineering analysis based on ASTM E119 or UL 263 Alternative protection methods as allowed in Section Designs certified by an approved agency 25 Code Requirements Cont Under the prescriptive fire-resistance requirements of the MBC, the fire-resistancerating shall be established without the use automatic sprinklers 26 Code Requirements Cont. Breaches of assemblies shall be protected in accordance with Sections 714, 715, 716 and 717 Chapter 10 Means of Egress Table Establishes hourly rating required for corridors based on Occupancy Group 27 9

10 Fire Resistance Expressed as an Hourly Time Period Ratings range from 1/2 to 4 hours Containment of Fire to Room or Floor of Origin 28 Fire-Resistance-Rated Construction Establishing Fire-Resistance Ratings 29 Standards ANSI / UL 263 ASTM E119 NFPA 251 (Withdrawn) 30 10

11 Building Components Columns Beams Floor/Ceilings or Roof/Ceilings Walls 31 Time - Temperature Curve Temp (ºF) Time (Hr) 32 Columns Sample size Minimum 9 ft Tested unloaded 33 11

12 34 35 Conditions of Acceptance Columns 1000ºF / 1200ºF 36 12

13 37 38 Beams Sample size Minimum 12 ft Load applied Per design 39 13

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16 Conditions of Acceptance Beams Support load 1100ºF / 1300ºF 46 Floor/Ceiling or Roof/Ceilings Sample size 180 sq ft / 12 ft Load applied Per design 12 ft 180 sq ft

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20 58 Conditions of Acceptance Floor/Ceilings or Roof/Ceilings Support load Flame passage 250ºF / 325ºF Support temperatures

21 Walls Sample size sq ft / 9 ft Load applied - Per design 9 ft 100 sq ft

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23 67 Conditions of Acceptance Walls Flame passage 250ºF / 325ºF Support load Hose stream 68 Fire-Resistance-Rated Construction Methods of Showing Code Compliance 69 23

24 Methods of Showing Compliance with the Fire Resistance Requirements of the MBC Fire-resistance ratings shall be determined in accordance with ASTM E119 or UL Methods for determining fire resistance shall be based on fire exposure and acceptance criteria of ASTM E119 or UL Methods of Showing Compliance with the Fire Resistance Requirements of the MBC Cont. Required fire resistance permitted to be established based on any of the following: Designs documented from approved sources Prescriptive requirements from Section 721 Calculations in accordance with Section 722 Engineering analysis based on ASTM E119 or UL 263 Alternative protection methods as allowed in Section Designs certified by an approved agency 71 Designs Documented From Approved Sources Gypsum Association - Fire Resistance Design Manual International Existing Building Code - Resource A BOCA - Guidelines for Determining Fire Resistance Ratings of Building Elements American Insurance Services Group, Inc. (210) Fire Resistance Ratings 72 24

25 Designs Documented From Approved Sources Cont. ASCE / SFPE 29 Standard Calculation Methods for Structural Fireproofing ACI / TMS 0216 Standard Method for Determining Fire Resistance of Concrete and Masonry Construction Assemblies 73 Prescriptive Fire Resistance Section 721 of the MBC 74 Calculated Fire Resistance Section 722 of the MBC 75 25

26 Engineering Analysis Based on ASTM E119 or UL 263 Engineering judgments Product manufacturer Testing laboratory Fire protection engineer Professional engineer 76 Alternate Materials, Design and Methods of Construction and Equipment Allows authority having jurisdiction to accept other information to show compliance Evaluation Services Reports IAPMO Evaluation Services ICC Evaluation Services UL Evaluation Services 77 Designs Certified by an Approved Agency Product Directories of Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratories UL - Fire Resistance Directory, Online Certifications Directory and Product Spec Intertek Intertek Directories of Certified Products FM Global - Factory Mutual Approval Guide 78 26

27 Fire-Resistance-Rated Construction Navigating the UL Directories 79 Navigating the UL Directories Hard Copy Online 80 Fire Resistance Directory 81 27

28 Fire Resistance Directory Volume 1 Columns, Beams, Floor/Ceilings, Roof/Ceilings and Walls Volumes 2A & 2B Joint Systems, Perimeter Fire Containment Systems, and Through-Penetration Firestop Systems Volume 3 Dampers, Fire Doors, Door Frames and Glazing 82 Organization Under Each Product Area Guide Information Designs, Systems or Assemblies Product Categories (indexed by manufacturer s names) 83 Guide Information Equipment, materials or systems included in the Category Intended use, restrictions or supplemental information that apply Standard(s) used to evaluate products under the Category Listing or Classification Mark information for the Category 84 28

29 85 Designs Each design contains specific construction features Many designs contain various options and various ratings Must be followed exactly for rating to apply 86 Product Categories Located near end of Volume 1 of Fire Resistance Directory Each Product Category describes some generic family of products (e.g. Acoustical Materials) Each Product Category contains the manufacturers and designations of products tested and specified in the designs 87 29

30 Product Categories Cont. Manufacturers arranged alphabetically within Product Category 88 Fire Resistance-Rated Construction Permitted Changes to Designs 89 Fasteners Cement coated box or cooler nails shall be used for securing gypsum board, unless otherwise specified in design Screws meeting ASTM C 1002 or C 954 may be substituted for nails providing head diameter and length are equal or larger than specified nail 90 30

31 Outlet Boxes in Ceilings Metallic boxes may be installed in F/C and R/C assemblies incorporating gypsum board protection providing: Clearance not to exceed 1/8 in. Area of each box not to exceed 16 sq in. Total area of boxes not to exceed 100 sq in. per 100 sq ft of ceiling area Nonmetallic boxes tested and listed (CEYY) 91 Steel Joists Specified joist is minimum depth Specified joist is minimum weight/foot K-Series Joist may often substitute Spacing between joists may be increased to 4 ft OC providing: Structural integrity of floor is maintained Hanger wire spacing is not increased Bridging bar size is minimum 92 Gypsum Board on Horizontal Assemblies Thickness may be increased providing fastener length is also increased Additional layers may be added 93 31

32 Gypsum Ceiling Control Joints Ceiling suspended below floor assembly Guide describes control joints when gypsum board is parallel to wood joists Guide describes control joints when gypsum board is perpendicular to wood joists 94 Recessed (Can) Lighting Generic recessed luminaires not permitted unless covered in design Luminaires specifically tested and Listed for use in fire resistive construction covered in Luminaires and Luminaire Assemblies Classified for Fire Resistance Category (CDHW) 95 Restrained & Unrestrained Designer & AHJ must determine Unrestrained ratings may be used for either condition 96 32

33 Restrained & Unrestrained Cont. 97 Blanket Insulation in Horizontal Assemblies May cause premature disruption of ceiling membrane For certain assemblies, fiberglass insulation can be used with additional layer of gypsum board Otherwise, only permitted as specified 98 Beam Size Larger beams may be substituted without restriction Larger is based on W/D ratio Larger W/D yields greater fire resistance 99 33

34 Adjustment of Thickness of SFRM - Beams Not applicable to mastic and intumescent materials Coating material thickness on beams with lesser W/D requires adjustment and thickness on beams with greater W/D may be adjusted as follows: 100 Walls & Partitions Rating applies when either face exposed to fire, unless otherwise noted Unsymmetrical walls tested from both sides Exterior walls may only require rating from inside face Load bearing rating applies to non load bearing applications 101 Walls & Partitions Cont. Walls are intended for interior applications unless otherwise specified (e.g. exterior use is obvious or design states Investigated for Exterior Use )

35 Walls & Partitions Cont. Size of studs specified is minimum Gauge of steel studs specified is minimum Fire-retardant-treated wood studs may used in lieu of specified non-treated wood studs Stud spacing specified is maximum Board orientation as specified in design 103 Walls & Partitions Cont. Metallic boxes may be installed in wall assemblies incorporating gypsum board protection providing: Max 2 hr rated assemblies Clearance not to exceed 1/8 in. Area of each box not to exceed 16 sq in. 104 Walls & Partitions Cont. Total area of boxes not to exceed 100 sq in. per 100 sq ft of wall surface Boxes on opposite sides of wall separated by min 24 in. or provided with protection (CLIV) Nonmetallic boxes tested and listed (CEYY)

36 Fire-Resistance-Rated Construction UL s Online Search Tools 106 UL s Online Search Tools Online Certifications Directory Product Spec TM Code Link 107 Online Certifications Directory Helps you achieve code compliance Is continuously updated Needs no password Is free no charge for use

37 Keyword Search Tips Match Word Enter word Match Phrase Enter exact phrase Match All Words Enter AND between words Match Any Words Enter OR between words Exclude a Word Enter NOT before word Match Word and Phrase Enter AND between word and phrase in single quotes Match Partial Word or Phrase Enter WILDCARD (*) to replace characters or words not known

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40 Online Certifications Directory Sample Search - Accessing a design if design number is known Design No. L

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44 130 Online Certifications Directory Sample Search - Searching for a design based on specific parameters Wood stud/gypsum board wall assembly 2 hour rating Gypsum board supplied by the United States Gypsum Company

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46 136 Alternatively Wall & Partition: U, V or W* Wood Stud Gypsum Bd Lath &/or Plaster Click here to see all such designs

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48 Online Certifications Directory Sample Search Searching for a design based on specific parameters Product manufactured by Carboline Intumescent coating Column application

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51 UL Product Spec Supplements Online Certification Directory Replaces Code Correlation Database Needs no password Is free no charge for use UL Product Spec Searching for Information on Fire-Resistance- Rated Construction 152 UL Product Spec

52 UL Product Spec 154 UL Product Spec 155 UL Product Spec

53 UL Product Spec Sample Search - Accessing a design if design number is known Design No. L UL Product Spec 158 UL Product Spec

54 UL Product Spec 160 UL Product Spec 161 UL Product Spec Sample Search - Searching for a design based on specific parameters Wood stud/gypsum board wall assembly 2 hour rating Gypsum board supplied by the United States Gypsum Company

55 UL Product Spec 163 UL Product Spec 164 UL Product Spec

56 UL Product Spec 166 Code Link Correlates model code sections to UL product categories Covers many model codes and editions (MBC, IFC, NEC, etc.) Flexible search capabilities Powerful tool to locate appropriate Listings Code Link Sample Search Searching for a fire damper which complies with the requirements of Section of the 2015 International Building Code

57 Code Link 169 Code Link 170 Code Link

58 Code Link 172 Code Link 173 Code Link

59 Code Link 175 Code Link 176 Code Link

60 Code Link 178 Code Link 179 Fire Resistive Construction Engineering Judgments

61 Engineering Judgments An Engineering Judgment is a letter or report issued by some knowledgeable party which evaluates the construction of some site-specific application which deviates from a tested design, system or assembly and concludes with a judgment of the applicable rating of that assembly 181 Engineering Judgments Cont. Typically, an Engineering Judgment is used when a tested design, systems or assembly is unavailable Most often applied to fire resistive construction 182 Engineering Judgments Cont. Applications for an Engineering Judgment Design and system concept where multiple components, some listed and some unlisted, are used to field construct the finished assembly (e.g. wall) Typically products are not required to be listed by code Must be acceptable to the Building Official or AHJ

62 Who Issues Engineering Judgments? Who issues Engineering Judgments? Professional engineer Fire protection engineer Manufacturer Testing laboratory Individual issuing judgment must be acceptable to the Building Official or the AHJ 184 MBC References Justifying Engineering Judgments MBC Alternative materials, design and methods of construction and equipment MBC Fire-resistance ratings MBC Alternative methods for determining fire resistance 185 Important Points of an Engineering Judgment No guidance from the International Code Council or the various I-Codes No guidance from UL Best documents available are from the International Firestop Council (IFC)

63 IFC Guidelines Four Documents Recommended IFC Guidelines for Evaluating Firestop Systems in Engineering Judgments (EJs) Covers firestops, joint systems and grease/air duct assemblies Perimeter fire barrier systems Fire resistant duct enclosure systems for commercial kitchen exhaust ducts Fire resistant duct enclosure systems for ventilation ducts 187 Summary of Engineering Judgments Emphasizes importance of tested designs Not a substitute for existing designs Should be issued only by those who know the components Based on sound engineering practices and knowledge of performance of the designs Based on interpolation of previous testing Issued only for a specific jobsite Presented in clear detail 188 Fire-Resistance-Rated Construction Plan Review and Inspection

64 Fire-Resistance-Rated Construction Plan Review 190 For the Architect / Contractor UL Designs serve two roles: 1) Evidence of compliance 2) A set of build-instructions 191 For the Code Official UL Designs serve two roles: 1) Evidence of compliance 2) Document by which to inspect

65 Plan Review Construction documents shall be of sufficient clarity to indicate the location, nature and extent of the work proposed and show in detail that it will conform to the provisions of this code 193 Plan Review Cont. Details showing compliance with the fireresistive requirements of the MBC should be included on the plans and in the specifications Recommended that the UL designs (or others) be imported into the plans Importing designs into plans does NOT violate UL copyright requirements 194 Plan Review Cont. Review proposed fire-resistance-rated assemblies for compliance with code Hourly rating requirement Type of Construction Details of assemblies proposed relative to actual construction Consider variations identified relative to permitted substitutions stated in the UL Fire Resistance Directory

66 Plan Review Cont. Consider need for engineering judgments if permitted by department policy Consider need for special inspections as required by code and/or by department policy 196 Plan Review Cont. Recommended Correction Notice All fire-resistance-rated designs need to be reproduced on the plans. If an engineering judgment is needed, it must be noted on the plans and this judgment must be approved by the Building Official. The above information will be needed by the field inspectors during construction 197 Fire-Resistance-Rated Construction Inspection Process

67 Inspection of Fire-Resistance-Rated Assemblies Inspections typically done by AHJ, but may be inspected by an approved agency or individual Verifies approved design is being used Verifies assembly is being constructed in accordance with the approved design 199 For the Architect / Contractor UL Designs serve two roles: 1) Evidence of compliance 2) A set of build-instructions 200 For the Code Official UL Designs serve two roles: 1) Evidence of compliance 2) Document by which to inspect

68 Pre-Construction Meeting Review selected designs Obtain engineering judgments as needed Establish inspection guidelines and expectations Establish work and inspection schedules Review qualifications /experience of contractors 202 Pre-Inspection Require construction documents that detail all fire-resistance-rated assemblies Obtain copies of all fire-resistance-rated designs Develop a plan to inspect each assembly at the appropriate times during the construction process 203 At the Inspection Site Have your inspection tools such as a flashlight, coring device, depth gauge, calipers, tape measure, etc. Review the general layout of the assembly Verify the building materials being utilized match those described in the approved design

69 At the Inspection Site Cont. For board products, verify the type, manufacturer, thickness and orientation match what is described in the approved design Verify fastener type, size and spacing for compliance with the approved design For insulation products, verify the type, manufacturer, thickness and density match what is described in the approved design 205 At the Inspection Site Cont. Verify that the approved third party testing agency s labels are on the products, empty containers or boxes When necessary conduct destructive evaluations on the assemblies During the inspection have the contractor follow along to repair assemblies after destructive testing 206 Reference Materials ASTM E736 Standard Test Method for Cohesion / Adhesion of Sprayed Fire Resistive Materials Applied to Structural Members ASTM E605 Standard Test Methods for Thickness and Density of Sprayed Fire Resistive Material Applied to Structural Members

70 Reference Materials Cont. Association of Wall and Ceilings Industry Technical Manuals 12, 12-A and 12-B Gypsum Association Fire Resistance Design Manual International Firestop Council Video Inspecting Firestop for Compliance 208 Available Resources Association of Wall and Ceilings Industry (AWCI) Fire Safe North America Gypsum Association (GA) Openings in Fire-Resistance-Rated Construction Penetrations (Section 714) Fire-Resistant Joint Systems (Section 715) Opening Protectives (Section 716) Ducts and Air Transfer Openings (Section 717)

71 Openings in Fire-Resistance-Rated Construction Cont. Do openings really impact the performance of a fire-resistance-rated assembly? Absolutely!!! 211 Openings in Fire-Resistance-Rated Construction Cont. Unsealed or improperly sealed openings cost lives and property! MGM Grand, Las Vegas, NV Fire confined to 1 st floor. Eighty-four fatalities, most on upper floors. Hilton Hotel, Las Vegas, NV Fire spread from 8 th to 23 rd floor in 25 minutes at exterior of building. Eight fatalities. First Interstate Bank, Los Angeles, CA Fire spread from 12 th to 16 th floor through improperly protected penetrations and through unprotected perimeter joint. One fatality. One Meridian Plaza, Philadelphia, PA Fire spread from 22 nd to 30 th floor through improperly protected penetrations and through perimeter joint. Three fatalities. 212 Thank You for Attending!!! Rich Walke Codes and Advisory Services Department Underwriters Laboratories 333 Pfingsten Road Northbrook, IL Richard.N.Walke@UL.com (847)