Subsea Pipelines Delve into new Technologies. Andreas Dowe, Apr 19th, 2012

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1 Subsea Pipelines Delve into new Technologies Andreas Dowe, Apr 19th, 2012

2 Evonik Industries - A modern structure Evonik Segments Consumer, Health & Nutrition Resource Efficiency Specialty Materials Services Real Estate Business Units Consumer Specialties Health & Nutrition Inorganic Materials Performance Polymers Coatings & Additives Performance Polymers Advanced Intermediates Workforce: 33,556 employees Turn-Over: 14.5 billion (2011)

3 Evonik Industries - > 160 yrs industry experience

4 Cost Driven Performance Driven BU Performance Polymers - Focus on high performances = Polymers and semi-finished products from Evonik Degussa High Performance Polymers PAR PI PEI PAI PPSU PES PMMI PMI PSU Transp. PA PEEK FPs LCP PPS PA4.6 PA11 PPA PA12 PA612 Engineering Polymers PMMA PC PPE PBT POM PET PA6 / PA66 PUR Commodity Polymers ABS PVC PS SAN PE PE-LD PP PE-HD amorphous crystalline

5 BU Performance Polymers - Activities in the O&G industry Source: Swagelining Ltd. Flexible Pipes & Composite Pipes Liner & RTP Umbilicals & Sealings, gaskets

6 Proven performance in O&G - Unbonded Flexible Pipes > 400 flexible pipes produced (>800 km) with VESTAMID NRG pressure and/or jacket sheath since end of 2006 Pipes are purchased ID range: 2 to 16 Pressure range: Individual length: Functions: Application: Fluid: Customers: Qualification: up to 441 bar (at 142 mm ID) 30 to 27000m Export, Production, Lift Risers, Flowlines Gas, Oil/Gas, Oil/Gas/Water e.g. Petrobras, ExxonMobil, Chevron, Hydro, BHP Billiton, Maersk, Apachi, Petrofac, etc. API 17J, EN ISO , certified by Llyods

7 Time to reach initial acceptance criterion of CIV = 1.2 dl/g [years] Proven performance in O&G - Improvement in aging performance 100,00 Arrhenius life time curves for PA in H 2 0 without CO 2 10,00 1,00 ph=7 (API 17TR2) 0,10 PA 11 H2O/no CO2 fit [years] CIV=1.2 PA 11 H2O/no CO2 [years] CIV=1.2 0,01 PA 12 H2O/no CO2 fit [years] CIV=1.2 PA 12 H2O/no CO2 [years] CIV= T [ C]

8 Does API testing tell the full story? - basic work on an extended aging model lifetime prediction API 17TR2 deionized water Temperature Aging model for Polyamides Elongation at break + CIV CO 2 saturation Time additional influences

9 time until 50% elongation at break [h] Does API testing tell the full story? - basic work for an extended aging model 1000 PA 12 / Overview hydrolysis screening under service conditions CO2 N2 CO2 N2 CO2 N2 450 bar 150 bar 50 bar API 17TR2- subst. Ocean Crude Oil High Pressure Hydrolysis + Hydrolysis 130 C Water Hydrolysis saturated scr CO2 at 125 C 130 C Hydrolysis 130 C PA convential PA

10 BU Performance Polymers - We love your problems Surface Protection Surface Design Compounds & Extrusion Customer Solution & Partner Adhesion & Bounding Polymer Design Light Weight Laser Sintering

11 BU Performance Polymers - We love your problems Tape Supplier Airborne Qualification experience Qualified, Evonik reliable as the TCR partner Composite knowhow Lifetime modelling Material knowhow

12 BU Performance Polymers - We love your problems Liner Supplier Swagelining Ltd. Qualification experience Corrosion free, Evonik as reliable, the partner product pipeline Material knowhow Lifetime modelling Design knowhow

13 Delve into new technologies - Liner for multiphase product lines Offshore fields Onshore fields Liner for steel pipelines Steel Catenary Riser (SCR) Steel Flowline Liner for product pipelines in O&G fields Operating at temperatures up to 100 C

14 Delve into new technologies - The Swagelining Technology - Proven Technology for offshore WI pipelines - Long pull length achievable - Compression fit design max. stability of liner in operations - Flange-less connection - 100% corrosion resistance on full length - WeldLink Technology proven in offshore and onshore applications tested to 410 bar - Allows balancing of annular gas - Permeated gas flows back to bore No external venting Date Title of Presentation Page 15

15 Delve into new technologies - Swagelining Track Record Offshore Existing robust technology with PE liner in water injections subsea:

16 Delve into new technologies - Material with robust track record in O&G > 400 flexible pipes produced (>800 km) with PA12 pressure and/or jacket sheath since end of 2006 Pipes are purchased ID range: 2 to 16 Pressure range: Individual length: Functions: Application: Fluid: Customers: up to 441 bar (at 142 mm ID) 30 to 27000m Export, Production, Lift Risers, Flowlines Gas, Oil/Gas, Oil/Gas/Water e.g. Petrobras, ExxonMobil, Chevron, Hydro, BHP Billiton, Maersk, Apachi, Petrofac, etc.

17 Delve into new technologies - Bringing together proven technologies VESTAMID NRG Swagelining Technology Integrated liner technology Evonik as the for product partner pipelines

18 modulus [MPa] Delve into new technologies - Liner performance linked to material Pc of a 4 SDR21 liner, oil saturated: PE 100 at 60 C -> 8.2 bar PA12 at 60 C -> 18.5 bar PA12 at 100 C ->13.5 bar tensile modulus vs. Temperature of PA12 and PE100 Virgin and saturated in oil PA12 virgin PA12 saturated PE100 virgin PE100 satured temperature [ C]

19 Delve into new technologies - Do the technologies fit together?

20 Delve into new technologies - Do the technologies fit together?

21 Delve into new technologies - Do the technologies fit together?

22 Delve into new technologies - Do the technologies fit together? Virgin weld lines Milled specimen from the center of wall ( 4mm thick) acc. to IS 527 Milled specimen with full wall thickness (16mm) Swaged weld lines Milled specimen from the center of wall ( 4mm thick) Milled specimen with full wall thickness (16mm)

23 Delve into new technologies - Do the technologies fit together? mechanical test tensile test / ISO 527 / Specimen 1A all test at 10 specimen sample thickness modulus yield strength weld factor strain preatreatment preparation mm MPa ± s MPa ± s % virgin milled surface ,2 1, ,9 milled surface ,0 1,60 1,02 14,3 welded with 0,4 MPa full wall thickness with inner welding bead 16, ,8 0,73 1,04 13,8 swaged with 24% die milled surface ,2 1, ,1 milled surface ,1 1,93 1,00 18,7 welded with 0,4 Mpa and swaged with 24% die full wall thickness with inner welding bead 16, ,5 0,69 1,01 20,2 good performance of the weld lines even in wet condition and after swaging process

24 Delve into new technologies - Operation window Date Title of Presentation Page 25

25 Further development work - Small scale lab Swagelining Tool 32 testing speed 100 bis 1000 mm / Minute sample tube 32 mm SDR 11 to max SDR 30 moving traverse with distance measurement 27 reduction die ( 32 -> 27 mm ) inline diameter measurement by optical micrometer towing head ( OD: 27mm) Host pipe load cell ( 10kN ) tensile testing maschine

26 Further development work - Small scale lab Swagelining Tool

27 recovery [%] Further development work - Installation behavior 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% axial recovery PA12 radial recovery PA12 axial recovery PE100 radial recovery PE100 0% time [s]

28 Further development work - Liner design and its influence on Liner OD / WT [mm] SDR Tightness of installed liner [%]* PA12 32,0 / 2,50 12,8-3.0 to ,0 / 2, to ,0 / 1,25 25,6 0.0 to 4.0 PE100 32,0 / 2, to ,0 / 1, to 4.0 *: adjusted by ID of host as well as on die reduction

29 Further development work - liner buckling resistance variation of tightness, geometry, test speed, temperature, pin deep,

30 Further development work - liner buckling resistance

31 Further development work - liner collapse resistance New evaluation method External Pressure Internal Volume Change

32 Further development work - New liner design quotations necessary? Based on the test data quotations to calculate collapse and buckling performance shall be set up to allow simulations and robust design of liner. Revalidation of existing design rules? New design rules caused by new data base?

33 The button line - cost comparison, 10-inch subsea pipeline 13 M / 46% saving 5 M / 25% saving Cost includes: host pipe, liner, insertion, termination system, venting system, installation by reel-lay, 350 bar design costs for PA12 system in between PE and PVDF Source: Cost study by Atkins Boreas 2010 Date Title of Presentation Page 34

34 Swagelining PA12 liner system - Summary Significant cost savings Proven Technology from single hand Proven Material Great pull length Swagelining VESTAMID NRG Maximum reliability of liner Multiphase product pipelines Temperature up to 100 C

35 VESTAMID NRG Liner - How to push it further... generate market pull Resin Manufacturer Evonik Oil Companies generate market push Oil Engineering Constructions Contractors Swagelining Ltd. Plastic Liner Manufacturer Decision Maker Strong Influencer

36 VESTAMID NRG Liner - Status Onshore: Ready to install Offshore: - Influence of micro-annulus on collapse failure mode and liner balancing technology under further evaluation - Lifetime model under further validation

37 Andreas Dowe Senior Business Manager Oilfield High Performance Polymers Telefon Mobil Evonik Degussa GmbH Paul-Baumann-Str Marl Germany