TOTAL CAPABILITIES IN THE PIPELINE INDUSTRY. UTILITY TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION Cincinnati Columbus West Jefferson

Transcription

1 TOTAL CAPABILITIES IN THE PIPELINE INDUSTRY UTILITY TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION Cincinnati Columbus West Jefferson

2 PLASTIC PIPE DESIGN AND LIMITATIONS 2

3 DESIGN FORMULA PD = 2 x S x (DF) SDR - 1 where PD = Design Pressure, psig S = Long-Term Hydrostatic Strength, psi SDR = Standard Dimension Ratio = Pipe OD / WT DF = Design Factor = 0.32 for gas Plastic pipe in distribution systems or Class 3 or 4 locations is limited to 100 psig or less by 49 CFR except- PE2406 or PE3408 Produced after 7/14/04: PD <= 125 psig if D <= 12" 3

4 DIMENSIONS OF PLASTIC PIPE AND TUBING*** NOM. DIA. OD SDR = 13.5 SDR = 11.5 SDR = 11 SDR = 10 SDR = 9.33 (IN) (IN) WT (IN) ID (IN) WT (IN) ID (IN) WT (IN) ID (IN) WT (IN) ID (IN) WT (IN) ID (IN) PIPE 1/ (#) " 3/ (#) " " 1-1/ " 1-1/ " " " " " " " TUBING 1/ (#) " (#) (#) Minimum required by 49 CFR for uncased pipe, not a function of SDR. 4

5 SAMPLE CALCULATION MDPE PIPE PE 2406: S=1250 psi PD = 2 x S x (DF) D = 4" SDR - 1 SDR = 13.5 = 2 x 1250 x 0.32 DF=0.32 (gas) = 64.0 psig 5

6 SAMPLE CALCULATION HDPE PIPE PE 3408: S=1600 psi PD = 2 x S x (DF) D = 4" SDR - 1 SDR = 13.5 = 2 x 1600 x 0.32 DF=0.32 (gas) = 81.9 psig 6

7 GAS PRESSURE RATING AT 73F PE2406 MD Pipe (73 F) PE3408 HD Pipe (73 F) S SDR P D P D (after 7/04, D<=12) S SDR P D P D (after 7/04, D<=12) Plastic pipe in distribution systems or Class 3 or 4 locations is limited to 100 psig or less by 49 CFR except: - PE2406/3408 Produced after 7/14/04: P D <=125 psig if D<=12" 7

8 REDUCED GAS PRESSURE RATING AT 140F PE2406 MD Pipe (140 F) PE3408 HD Pipe (140 F) S SDR P D P D (after 7/04, D<=12) S SDR P D P D (after 7/04, D<=12) Plastic pipe in distribution systems or Class 3 or 4 locations is limited to 100 psig or less by 49 CFR except: - PE2406/3408 Produced after 7/14/04: P D <=125 psig if D<=12" 8

9 PE PROPERTIES Density Molecular Weight Molecular Weight Distribution 9

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12 Slow Crack Growth Stress Rupture Regions 12

13 Slow Crack Growth Stress Rupture Curves 13

14 New PE Materials Current PE 2406 (New 2606, 2708) Current PE 3408 (New 3608, 3708, 3710) (New 4608, 4708, 4710) 14

15 PE Code Example: PE 2406, PE3408, PE4710 PE PE PE Polyethylene Density Slow Crack Growth Resistance Design Stress (DFw x S / 100) PE 2 = >.925 to.940 g/cm 3 4 = PENT Test > 10 hours 06 = 625 psi PE 3 = >.940 to.947 g/cm 3 6 = PENT Test > 100 hours 08 = 800 psi PE 4 = >.947 to.955 g/cm 3 7 = PENT Test > 500 hours 10 = 1000 psi 15

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17 New Pipe Marking 17

18 The photograph below is a typical butt fusion bead appearance between 2 inch PE3408(PE80) and PE4710 (PE100) pipes. The PE4710 bead on the right is rougher than the PE3408, however this is a surface appearance only and does not affect joint strength. 18

19 PA11 Pipe Polyamide material Higher strength than HDPE Higher strength at higher temperatures than HDPE (up to 180F) : For Pipe produced after 1/23/09 - DF=0.40 (vs for PE pipe) - Design pressure can exceed 100 psi if Calculated P D <= 200 psi; and D<=4 ; and SDR<=11. 19

20 Fittings Design to highest pipe design pressure (e.g. joining MDPE to HDPE pipe) Design for pullout/thrust forces Follow manufacturer s recommendations Conform to ASTM D

21 Valves Design to highest pipe design pressure Follow manufacturer s recommendations Protect against shear/torque (valve box) 21

22 Plastic Pipe Limitations 49 CFR Part 192 requirements Other limitations/concerns 22

23 Plastic Pipe Butt fusion-join by device that holds pipe square, compresses ends together, holds alignment Socket fusion-join by device that heats uniformly and simultaneously to same temperature Electrofusion-join using equipment and techniques of manufacturer No torch or open flame Mechanical joints Gasket material compatible with pipe Rigid stiffener with compression fittings 23

24 Qualifying Joining Procedures Heat fusion and electrofusion joining-qualify by defined tests Mechanical joining-qualify by defined tests Make copies of procedures available to persons making and inspecting joints 24

25 Qualifying Persons to Make Joints Require training and experience Make specimen joints that pass visual and destructive tests Annual requalification Operator to establish method to ensure qualification of personnel 25

26 Inspection of Joints Inspectors to be qualified by training or experience in evaluating joint acceptability 26

27 Installation of Plastic Pipe Install below ground (except cased on bridge) Minimize shear and tensile stresses Maximum 2 year storage above ground Coiled Pipe Straighten/reround for joining Restrain ends for safety 27

28 Test Requirements for Plastic Pipe Test must discover potentially hazardous leaks Test at 150% MAOP or 50 psig, whichever is greater Maximum test pressure less than 3 x PD 28

29 Other Limitations/Concerns Static electricity Wet/ground pipe Squeeze-off One time at a location Slow squeeze/release Cold bending Minimum radius (manufacturer) 29

30 PLASTIC PIPE PROBLEM 1 Determine Design Pressure: PE 2406 D = 10" SDR = 11.0 Gas service 2010 pipe Plastic Pipe Problems 30

31 PLASTIC PIPE PROBLEM 1 SOLUTION S = 1250 DF = 0.32 (gas) PE 2406 D = 10" PD = 2 x S x (DF) SDR = 11.0 SDR - 1 Gas Service = 2 x 1250 x Pipe = 80.0 psig Plastic Pipe Problems 31

32 PLASTIC PIPE PROBLEM 2 Determine Design Pressure: PE 3408 D = 6" SDR = 11.0 Gas service 2003 pipe Plastic Pipe Problems 32

33 PLASTIC PIPE PROBLEM 2 SOLUTION S = 1600 DF = 0.32 (gas) PE 3408 D = 6" PD = 2 x S x (DF) SDR = 11.0 SDR - 1 Gas Service = 2 x 1600 x Pipe = psig 100 psig (Pipe produced before 7/14/04) Plastic Pipe Problems 33

34 PLASTIC PIPE PROBLEM 3 Determine Design Pressure: PA 11 D = 6" SDR = 11 Gas service 2010 pipe Plastic Pipe Problems 34

35 PLASTIC PIPE PROBLEM 3 SOLUTION S = 2500 DF = 0.40 (gas) PA 11 D = 6" PD = 2 x S x (DF) SDR = 11.0 SDR - 1 Gas Service = 2 x 2500 x Pipe = psig 100 psig (Pipe diameter > 4 ) Plastic Pipe Problems 35