Biomass production in Canada: opportunities and challenges
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1 Biomass production in Canada: opportunities and challenges N. V. Thevathasan, M. W. Ashiq, A.M. Gordon School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph D. Sidders Canadian Wood Fibre Centre, Natural Resources Canada October 25, 2016 Biomass North AGM Forum
2 Marginal Lands & Bioenergy Production Marginal lands Non-productive for agriculture (economically / biologically) Suitable for crops with low nutrient requirement (grasses, short-rotation tree) No food vs fuel conflict Environmental benefits Potential for GHG emissions mitigation Corn grain ethanol gco 2 emj -1 (Gelfand et al. 2013) Additional revenue for farmer / grower Sustainable source of bioenergy?? Adaptability??
3 Marginal Lands in Canada 37.6 million Ha (4% of land area) Biomass million tonnes (2.6 t ha -1 ) Ethanol 38.7 hm 3 (62% gas consumption) Milbrandt & Overend 2008 (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)
4 Marginal Lands in Canada 9.4 million Ha Grasslands 68.18% Shrublands 31.82% Production Potential Poplar 380 million tonnes (40 t ha -1 ) SG 33 million tonnes (3.49 t ha -1 ) Liu et al. 2013
5 Is There A Place For SRWC In An Evolving Diversified Canadian Forest Products Industry? Talk Show Host Dr. Naresh Thevathasan U of Guelph, Ontario Derek Sidders, Canadian Wood Fibre Centre: dsidders@nrcan.gc.ca Talk Show Speakers Dr. Jagtar Bhatti CFS, Alberta Tim Keddy CWFC, Alberta PLUS Additional Speaker from Manitoba Conservation Dr. Andrew Black UBC, British Columbia Dr. Philippe Savoie AAFC, Quebec Michelle Sulz Al-Pac, Alberta Dr. Barbara Kishchuk CFS, Alberta Brent Joss CWFC, Alberta 2
6 Is There A Place For SRWC In An Evolving Diversified Canadian Forest Products Industry? 23
7
8 Woody Biomass Recovery, Handling and Product Conversion Development Sites Canadian Forest Products Ltd University of Alberta University of British Columbia Alberta-Pacific Forest Industries Millson Forestry Cape Breton University Hedgeco Canadian Forest Service University of Saskatchewan Manitoba Conservation Port Hawkesbury Power Canadian Forest Service Ferguson Forest Centre University of Guelph Gyro-Trac Corporation
9 Biomass Sources Opportunity Residues: Harvest Roadside, Mill and Urban Wood Waste Purpose Grown Woody Crops: Afforestation & Concentrated Biomass Other Potential Sources: Juvenile Hardwood, Utility Line Maintenance and Mountain Pine Beetle Salvage
10 Purpose Grown Woody Crops Fast-growing, High-yield Short Rotation Woody Crop Plantations of Hybrid Poplar, Selected Aspen and Willow Clones High Yield Afforestation Rotation: 14-20yrs Concentrated Woody Biomass Rotation: 3-4yrs
11 Is There A Place For SRWC In An Evolving Diversified Canadian Forest Products Industry? Why Short-rotation Woody Crops? To diversify woody fibre supply opportunities while integrating agriculture land use options using high yield, short-rotation woody crop (SRWC) systems for forest products, bio-energy/fuels and carbon values. 3
12 Is There A Place For SRWC In An Evolving Diversified Canadian Forest Products Industry? SRWC Benefits to Canadian Forest Industry 1) New Sources of Feedstock for Bioproduct Conversion 2) Short-rotation and High-yield Focus to Fill Gaps in Specific Fibre Inventories 3) C Sequestration and GHG Offsets (New Value) 4) New Product Alternatives: Fuels, Crafts, Enviro-Barriers 5) Contribute to Environmental Movement (Climate Change Adaptation) and Bio-remediation. 6) Positioned strategically in close proximity to final user. 6
13 Development of Short-rotation Woody Crop Systems Is There A Place For SRWC In An Evolving Diversified Canadian Forest Products Industry? Technical Development Demonstration Site Short-rotation Woody Crop Systems Designed, installed and monitored by the Canadian Wood Fibre Centre, Canadian Forest Service, the University of Guelph and their partners. Objective: To develop, study and demonstrate short-rotation woody crop design options, management practices, input costs and production yields as sources of carbon, fibre and biomass values for the forest and bioenergy industries. For more Site information, Contacts: please contact: University Derek Sidders: of Guelph: , dsidders@nrcan.gc.ca Ext.: Canadian Wood Or Fibre Naresh Centre: Thevathasan
14 Concentrated Woody Biomass Establishment Practices Is There A Place For SRWC In An Evolving Diversified Canadian Forest Products Industry? Vegetation Management to control competiion Site Preparation to create mixed soil to a depth of 30cm Conditioning (soaking) and planting of Hardwood Cuttings (15,625 stems/ha) Mechanical Marking to identify planting locations 2 nd Year Plantation 18
15 Technical Developments Is There A Place For SRWC In An Evolving Diversified Canadian Forest Products Industry? Refining Establishment and Site Management Practices Roto Planter Planting Technologies Vegetation Management Technologies: Mechanical and Shrouded Glyphosate High-Density Cutting Planter Enviromist Sprayer Rotary Harrow Quadivator 40
16 Is There A Place For SRWC In An Evolving Diversified Canadian Forest Products Industry? University of Guelph Technical Development Site Established
17 University of Guelph Technical Development Site Established 2009 Is There A Place For SRWC In An Evolving Diversified Canadian Forest Products Industry? 38
18 Developing Best Practices for the Various Growing Regimes Concentrated Biomass 2 and 3-row Is There A Place For SRWC In An Evolving Diversified Canadian Forest Products Industry? Hybrid Afforest- Biomass High-yield Afforestation 39
19 Planting Short Rotation Willow Fields Salix Maskiner Step Planter
20 Planting Short Rotation Willow Fields
21
22 1-year old response after initial harvest Plant, Harvest after 1 year, then 7, 3-year rotations no fertilization or irrigation
23 ~ 8 10 odt tonnes ha -1 y (3 year-willow) Ready for harvest in an intercropped tree-crop system
24 Biomass Harvesting and Processing Systems
25 Anderson Bio-Baler Harvesters
26 University of Guelph 2012
27 Kemptville, Ontario
28 University Pickering of Guelph Kemptville Ontario Harvest Summary 3 Sites 18 ha 662 Bales Harvested 485 Willow 164 Hybrid Poplar 13 Mixed 229 Green Tonnes Bales/hr 6.06 Tonnes/hr 345 kg/bale
29 How to harvest? Google Woody Biomass Filling the Fossil Fuel Gap
30 Willow bales, University of Guelph, November, 2009.
31 Transport of biomass to centralized power plants accounts for approximately 20% - 30% of the final cost in terms of the energy and C balance.
32 ~1.8 million ha, class 4, 5 6 Marginal Lands
33 Willow Poplar Switchgrass Miscanthus Native Prairie
34 Pan Canadian Biomass Research
35 Pan Canadian Biomass Research Biomass Crops Poplar Populus spp. (NM-6, DN-34) Switchgrass - Panicum virgatum (Nebraska, Cave-in-Rock) Miscanthus - Miscanthus x giganteus Growth and Yield Sustainability (Nutrient Cycling) Soil N-Mineralization Atmospheric Deposition Leaflitter Decomposition Crops suitable for bio-products Biomass supply to conversion researchers Stakeholder Involvement / Knowledge Translation and Transfer (KTT)
36 Pan Canadian Research Site - Guelph
37 Collaboration with BFN Researchers
38 Stakeholder Involvement & KTT
39
40 Thank you! YouTube:
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