Product Carbon Footprinting. International Standards. Dr. Barbara Nebel, PE INTERNATIONAL

Transcription

1 Product Carbon Footprinting International Standards Dr. Barbara Nebel, PE INTERNATIONAL

2 1. Introduction 2. Overview of standards 3. Examples 4. Conclusions Introduction

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5 Standards Guidelines Protocols Specifications Regulations International National Governments NGOs Industry groups 5

6 Dimension Life Cycle 6 Planning Raw materials Production Construction Operation Waste Recycling

7 Unilever 7

8 Levi Strauss & Co 8

9 Reasons for undertaking Carbon Footprinting studies 9 Internal benchmark Development of new products Improvement of existing products Purchase/investment decisions Raw material selection Transport decisions Contribute to overall sustainability strategy Policy development Marketing Ecolable Engagement with suppliers

10 1. Introduction 2. Overview of standards 3. Examples 4. Conclusions International standards and guidelines

11 Overview of standards Industry specific guidelines ISO DIS Water GHG protocol Carbon ISO 14040/44 Product category rules ISO ISO DIS Carbon Product category rules PAS 2050:2011 Carbon Supplementary requirements 11

12 ISO and Published in 2006 (Initial standards published in 1996) Framework for LCA Goal and Scope definition Inventory Analysis Impact Assessment Interpretation Environmental impacts 12

13 PAS 2050:2011 British Standards Institute First published in 2008 Revised version 2011 Reference to ISO and PAS 2050 builds on existing life cycle assessment methods established through BS EN ISO and BS EN ISO by specifying requirements for the assessment of the life cycle GHG emissions of goods and services. 13

14 Greenhouse Gas Protocol Initiative Product Accounting & Reporting Standard The Product Standard was published in September 2011 Road tested in over 70 companies Reference to ISO and The Product Standard builds on the framework and requirements established in the ISO LCA standards (14040:2006, Life Cycle Assessment: Principles and Framework and 14044:2006, Life Cycle Assessment: Requirements and Guidelines) and PAS 2050, with the intent of providing additional specifications and guidance to facilitate the consistent quantification and public reporting of product life cycle GHG inventories. 14

15 Product Carbon Footprinting ISO standard DRAFT ISO CD ISO CD Committee Draft 3 DIS in December Expected to be released late 2012 Reference to ISO and This International Standard specifies principles and requirements for studies to quantify and communicate the carbon footprint of a product (CFP), based on existing life cycle assessment (ISO series) and environmental labels and declaration (ISO series) standards. 15

16 ISO ISO Environmental labels and declarations -- Type III environmental declarations -- Principles and procedures Type III environmental declarations present quantified environmental information on the life cycle of a product to enable comparisons between products fulfilling the same function. Such declarations... are based on independently verified life cycle assessment (LCA) data, life cycle inventory analysis (LCI) data or information modules in accordance with the ISO series of standards and, where relevant, additional environmental information. Product category rules for product groups 16

17 Sector Specific Guideline International Dairy Federation Bulletin of the International Dairy Federation 445/2010 Guideline prepared at request of 56 IDF member countries Sector specific guidance Calculation of the carbon footprint of a product using LCA methodology should be based on the ISO series, specifically ISO 14040, ISO 14044, and in future ISO 14067; the recommendations of PAS 2050 should also be taken into account where advised in this document. IDF closely liaised with WBCSG (GHG protocol) 17

18 GHG protocol, PAS 2050, ISO Difference to ISO 14040/44 ISO 14040/44 provides methodological framework GHG protocol, PAS 2050 and ISO (in future) establish additional principles and techniques that address essential aspects of GHG assessment, including: scope of greenhouse gases to be included; treatment of emissions from land use change, soil carbon change, and biogenic and fossil carbon sources; treatment of the impact of carbon storage in products, and offsetting; requirements for the treatment of GHG emissions arising from specific processes, e.g. green electricity; data requirements and accounting for emissions from renewable energy generation; 18

19 What standard to choose? 19 Do you want to... Get started understanding your Carbon Footprint?... Use results for internal work only?... Communicate results to third parties?

20 Horses for courses... 20

21 1. Introduction 2. Overview of standards 3. Examples 4. Conclusions Examples

22 Ministry for Agriculture and Forestry New Zealand GHG strategy for the land-based primary sector The strategy seeks to position New Zealand s land-based primary sectors to respond to significant and increasing pressure by key export markets for information on the GHGintensity for primary products Pilot studies include: Forestry Apples Lamb Venison Dairy Berryfruit Onions Kiwifruit Wine Etc. Further information:

23 Greenhouse Gas Emissions of the Forestry Sector in New Zealand Greenhouse Gas emissions of the Forestry Sector in New Zealand Julie Sandilands, Barbara Nebel, Carolyn Hodgson, Peter Hall Methodology report Forestry GHG emissions Pulp and Paper Carbon Footprint Guidelines Sawmill Carbon Footprint Guidelines Engineered Wood Products Carbon Footprint Guidelines Forestry Carbon Footprint Guidelines 23

24 Goal and Scope Goals of the study To evaluate the carbon footprint of log production from New Zealand s radiata pine plantation forests; To identify the global warming potential of harvested wood, to allow for carbon footprint calculations of wood based products. To provide an example and benchmark for a GHG footprint of forestry operations Functional Unit 1 m 3 of radiata pine in log form under bark = 1 tonne green logs = 450 kg oven dried wood System boundary Included: Transport of Workers; Forest Roading; Excluded: Capital Goods; Soil Carbon. Scion 2011 Sandilands, J.; Nebel, B.; Hodgson, C.; Hall, P.

25 Goal and Scope Forestry Sector Nursery Land Preparation Forest Establishment Forest Tending Harvesting Cartage Infrastructure Chemical Land Preparation Felling Cuttings Seedlings Mechanical Land Preparation Road Planting Fertilising Releasing Pruning Thinning Dothistroma Control Skidding Hauling Log-making Transport to Sawmill Building Loading/ Stacking Scion 2011 Sandilands, J.; Nebel, B.; Hodgson, C.; Hall, P.

26 Data Sources Data sources Ecological Footprint Plus (EF+) project 2005 base year Upstream databases Professional Judgement Assumptions verified by industry Production rates Diesel in Machinery Man hours Production rates Tending regimes Harvesting systems Fuel use in Cartage Industry Verification Scion 2011 Sandilands, J.; Nebel, B.; Hodgson, C.; Hall, P.

27 Harvesting systems Ground-based Manual Ground-based Mechanical Process Machinery Process Machinery Manual Felling 2 chainsaws Mechanised Felling 1 feller buncher/ delimber (excavator) Skidding 1 skidder Skidding 2 skidders Log Making 2 chainsaws Log Making 1 processor 1 chainsaw Loading/Stacking 2 loaders (excavators) Loading/Stacking 2 loaders (excavators) Crew size 8 Crew size 8 Hauler Manual Hauler Mechanical Process Machinery Process Machinery Manual Felling 2 chainsaws Manual Felling 2 chainsaws Hauling 1 hauler Hauling 1 hauler Log Making 2 chainsaws Log Making 1 processor Loading/Stacking 2 loaders (excavators) Loading/Stacking 2 loaders (excavators) Crew size 10 Crew size 8 Scion 2011 Sandilands, J.; Nebel, B.; Hodgson, C.; Hall, P.

28 Inventory Releasing per hectare Process Input Quantity Unit Comments Transport of workers Diesel 0.76 l Oil l Aviation Chemicals Kerosene 1.58 l Oil l Hexazinone kg Terbuthylazine 2.31 kg Modelled Hexamethylenediamine as Modelled as Methylisobutylketone. Water 72.3 l Scion 2011 Sandilands, J.; Nebel, B.; Hodgson, C.; Hall, P.

29 Global warming potential of forestry by stage (1m 3 harvested wood) Nursery 0.1% Land Preparation 1.1% Forest Establishment 3.1% Forest Tending 3.5% Cartage 42.0% Harvest 50.2% Forestry stage Nursery Land preparation Forest establishment Forest tending Harvest Cartage Total GWP (kg CO 2 -Equiv.) Scion 2011 Sandilands, J.; Nebel, B.; Hodgson, C.; Hall, P.

30 Percentage contribution of harvesting processes to the global warming potential of harvesting Loading/Stacking 27% Infrastructure 20% Transport of Workers 4% Felling (Manual) 2% Felling (Mechanised) 2% Logmaking 11% Skidding 12% Hauling 22% Scion 2011 Sandilands, J.; Nebel, B.; Hodgson, C.; Hall, P.

31 Domestic and Exported Logs Scion 2011 Sandilands, J.; Nebel, B.; Hodgson, C.; Hall, P.

32 IT S YOUR TURN Process Input/Output Quantity / year Unit Quantity/ hectare Default Quantity / hectare Emission Factor (kg CO 2 equiv./ Unit ) Emissions/ hectare (quantity/ hectare* emission factor) Total area released ha Transport of workers (spot releasing) Diesel l Oil l 6.4E Aviation (aerial releasing) Chemicals Other Inputs Kerosene l Oil l 1.5E Hexazinone kg 0.41 * Terbuthylazine Valzine 500 As required Total Emissions kg 2.3 * Scion 2011 Sandilands, J.; Nebel, B.; Hodgson, C.; Hall, P.

33 Greenhouse Gas Footprint Study for Exported New Zealand Lamb AgResearch March 2010 Ledgard, S.F., Lieffering, M., McDevitt, J., Boyes, M. and Kemp, R. 33

34 Carbon Footprint of NZ Lamb Objectives: To provide a unique, unprecedented benchmark from which all in the industry can understand the carbon footprint for New Zealand lamb consumed in the European market, specifically the United Kingdom. To enable every participant in the New Zealand lamb industry supply chain to better understand and improve their emissions performance. To provide simple tools for members of the supply chain to understand the impact that different operational decisions (effort and investment) would have on the carbon footprint of lamb. Methodology: This study has used the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach and is consistent with the PAS2050 published standard for greenhouse gas footprinting. Life cycle assessment seeks to examine the impacts of a product from production to consumption. AgResearch March 2010 Ledgard, S.F., Lieffering, M., McDevitt, J., Boyes, M. and Kemp, R. 34

35 Methodological aspects Functional unit: 100 gram portion of raw, purchased meat as the functional unit under consideration Allocation: In this study we have used biophysical allocation between different animal types on farm, based on the amount of feed they consumed. Economic allocation was used between lamb meat, mutton and wool and also at the meat processing stage between meat and non-meat products. AgResearch March 2010 Ledgard, S.F., Lieffering, M., McDevitt, J., Boyes, M. and Kemp, R. 35

36 Carbon sequestration 36 Carbon stores can be accumulated in sheep and beef farming in the growing of shelter belts, the reversion of marginal land into native bush or the planting of steeper land with trees for erosion prevention There is also a significant amount of research underway aimed at understanding the performance and potential of pastoral soils in accumulating soil carbon. Soil carbon sequestration is not thoroughly understood by scientists at this time. In the present study, the net emissions from sheep and beef farms were estimated in a manner consistent with the New Zealand GHG Inventory as reported to the UNFCCC. This approach does not consider sequestration, either through growth of trees on farms or accumulation of carbon in soils. AgResearch March 2010 Ledgard, S.F., Lieffering, M., McDevitt, J., Boyes, M. and Kemp, R.

37 Results 37 AgResearch March 2010 Ledgard, S.F., Lieffering, M., McDevitt, J., Boyes, M. and Kemp, R.

38 Results On Farm On farm, the largest specific contributors to emissions are natural processes associated with sheep utilising pasture as a feed source. These natural processes include methane from rumen digestion of pasture (via belching 57% of total footprint) and nitrous oxide from animal excreta on soil (15% of total footprint). Oceanic shipping of meat from New Zealand to Europe in refrigerated containers, at nearly 5% of total, is over 90% of the overall commercial transportation contribution to the total GHG footprint. The consumer-related components of the footprint are estimated to account for 12% of the total GHG footprint (increasing to 19% if travel to and from the supermarket is included). AgResearch March 2010 Ledgard, S.F., Lieffering, M., McDevitt, J., Boyes, M. and Kemp, R. 38

39 1. Introduction 2. Overview of standards 3. Examples 4. Conclusions Conclusions

40 Conclusion Different standards and guidelines are available All based on principles of ISO 14040/44 Slight methodological differences, but will in most cases not results in significantly different results Additional guidance for carbon related topics in PAS 2050:2008 GHG protocol standard for products ISO DIS IDF methodology Not only choice of standard will influence credibility and robustness of results Background data Assumptions External review 40

41 Application of standards for Carbon Footprinting 41 Provide a level playing field for quantification of GHG emissions Support correct and comparable communication of Carbon Footprints in the market place Enhance credibility, consistency and transparency of the quantification of Carbon Footprints Offers organizations a method to deliver improved understanding of the GHG emissions arising from their supply chains Enable meaningful GHG emission reduction programmes Facilitate the development and implementation of GHG management strategies

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43 Acknowledgement Thank you to SIS for organising and SECO for funding this session. Dr Barbara Nebel