2013 Maine Forest Products Council 53rd Annual Meeting September 9, 2013

Transcription

1 Importance of Wood & Future Long-term Drivers for Forest Industry Robert G. Wagner 2013 Maine Forest Products Council 53rd Annual Meeting September 9, 2013

2 Outline Environmental characteristics of wood Howmuchwooddoyouuse? wood do use? Future drivers, issues, and opportunities for forest industry Why Maine is a great place for Why Maine is a great place for forest industry

3 Is wood an environmentally sound material?

4 Environmental Characteristics i of Wood Versatile

5 Many Uses of Wood Fuel: Firewood Pellets

6 Many Uses of Wood Solid wood products: Lumber, veneer, panels Engineered wood composites Furniture Molding, millwork, toys, etc. Artwork

7 Many Uses of Wood Fiber products: Paper Fiber board Packaging

8 Many Uses of Wood Chemical products: Food additives (gum arabic, cellulose) Clothing (rayon, tencel, lyocel) Solvents, adhesives

9 What is the biggest use of wood in the world?

10 Global Wood Allocation Pulp 12% Other 6% Sawlogs 29% Fuel wood 53%

11 Environmental Characteristics i of Wood Versatile Renewable

12 300 Years of Sustainable Forestry July 31, 2013: The Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) celebrated 300 years of sustainable forestry. Hans von Carlowitz (German mining administrator) who was in charge of wood procurement was first to define concept of sustainability in his seminal work, Sylvicultura oeconomica (1713) Marked the starting point and framework for forest g p management and science in the eighteenth century

13 300 Years of Sustainable Forestry (page in the Sylvicultura Oeconomica ). Full title of his book loosely translated is: Sylvicultura Oeconomica, or the economic news and instructions for the natural growing of wild trees, besides thorough h explanation how with gods good will the ever stronger scarcity of timber is to be managed by sowing, growing and planting of seedlings, also through wild and planned cultivation of a once cut and barren land can again be made useful as timber land - through the collection of seeds from seed trees, the preparation of soil for sowing and the care of seedlings. Besides, how to multiply the timber harvest at every stage of growth, the types of broad-leaf and needle trees and their seeds, also how to manage foreign kinds of trees, and further how to fell trees and make charcoal or other uses from the wood. To be the best utility for the heating, building, brewing, mining and smelting activities requires the careful management of sustainable forestry resources.

14 Environmental Characteristics i of Wood Versatile Renewable Carbon friendly?

15 Carbon LCA for NE Forest Enterprise Cameron, et al Journal of Forestry.

16 Carbon LCA for NE Forest Enterprise Cameron, et al Journal of Forestry.

17 Carbon LCA for NE Forest Enterprise Cameron, et al Journal of Forestry.

18 Carbon LCA for NE Forest Enterprise Cameron, et al Journal of Forestry.

19 Carbon LCA for NE Forest Enterprise More renewable electric for mills More M solid wood products Convert pulpwood to bioenergy More standing forest volume Cameron, et al Journal of Forestry.

20 Carbon LCA for Managed Forests Lippke, et al Carbon Management 2(3):

21 Carbon LCA for Managed Forests Lippke, et al Carbon Management 2(3):

22 Carbon Gain From Using Wood Over Substitutes Lippke, et al Carbon Management 2(3):

23 Carbon LCA for Managed Forests Lippke, et al Carbon Management 2(3):

24 Carbon LCA for Managed Forests Hennigar et al Forest Ecology & Mgmt. 256:

25 Environmental Characteristics i of Wood Versatile Renewable Carbon friendly Produced with relatively little input Produced and stored in the form of forests

26 Clean air Clean water Biodiversity Wildlife habitat Grazing Recreation eation Aesthetic places

27 Wood is the most environmentally sound material on earth. It is renewable, highly versatile, grown with relatively little effort, carbon friendly, and most important t

28 it is produced and stored in the form of forests that provide a wide array of valuable ecosystem services

29 How much wood do you use per day?

30 Daily global wood per capita consumption? 1.5 liters per day

31 Daily North American per capita wood consumption? 37X 3.7 global l average = 5.5 liters per day

32 Annual Wood Consumption Per Capita (Cubic Meters) (0.14 cords) (0.11 cords) (0.32 cords) (0.56 cords) 3.6 m 3 per cord

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34 Long-term Drivers, Opportunities, & Challenges for Forest Industry Population, wood use, & wealth Climate change policies i & wood Wood-based biofuels, biorefineries, & bioenergy Global forestland & productivity pressures Nanotechnology & nanocellulose

35 Human Population Growth

36 Human Population Growth World s human population is increasing by 2.4 additional people every e second 8,640 new customers (or competitors) on the planet during the next hour

37 Global Wood Harvest & Population Growth Trends (billion cubic meters)

38 Wood Consumption Increases With Wealth

39 Climate Change Policy

40 Växjö, Sweden The Greenest City in Europe

41 European Wood Pellet Demand

42 Wood s Value in GHG Mitigation A Conversation Shift? Conversation Conversation 5 years ago Now and Future? Carbon Markets Working forest storage Long-term wood product pools Substitution (bioenergy & building materials)

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44 The End of Fossil Fuels Oil production has already peaked in non-opec and non-former Soviet Union countries

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46 Wood-Based Biorefinery Forest Biorefinery = y Biofuels + Bioplastics + industrial chemicals

47 Wood-Based Biorefinery Transition ii CO 2 O 2 Syngas Power Export 116 million BOE Or Liquid Fuels/Chemicals 109 million barrels Black Liquor & Residuals Extract Hemicelluloses New Products chemicals & polymers BL Gasifier Steam, 1.9 billion gallons Ethanol Wood Residual Power & Gasifier Chemicals 600 million gallons Acetic Acid Combined Cycle System Process to Manufacture Liquid Fuels and Chemicals Forest Biorefinery Production Manufacturing Pulp 55 million tons May 19, 2011 Introduction to Forest 41 Biorefinery Options

48 Fossil Energy Ratio

49 Human population, Forestland, & Cropland Change (6000 BC to 2010) p g ( ) : 8.3 million ha/yr lost 0.20% annual loss rate Forest area lost per year > Maine : 5.2 million ha/yr lost Forest area lost per year = MA+NJ+CT 0.13% annual loss rate Most loss in S. America & Africa (FAO 2010) Source: Lunda and Iremonger Forest Ecology & Management 128: 3-10.

50 Can global forest meet the demand? Global forest area a / person (ha) acres 1.1 acres acres current forestland (3.87 billion ha) projected forestland (3 billion ha) Assumes world population of 9 billion in 2050

51 Can global forest meet the demand? Wo ood yield require ed (m 3 /ha a/yr) ME high-yield spruce plantation (4.8 cords/a/yr) Global consumption level N. American consumption level Need 50% yield increase to meet global demand with current forestland Need to double yields to meet global l demand d at current rate of forestland decline ME current sustainable harvest level (1.2 cords/a/yr) current forestland (3.87 billion ha) Will need to increase yields 5X if global population p consumes like N. Americans projected forestland (3 billion ha) Assumes world population of 9 billion in 2050, global consumption = 0.58 m 3 /yr, N. American consumption rate = 3X global average, Rate of forestland decline = 0.30%/yr.

52 Increases in US Southern Pine Yields From 1940 to 2010 From 2to20m 20 3 /ha/yr in 70 years (2.5 rotations) Source: Fox, T.R., E.J. Jokela,, and H.L. Allen The evolution of pine plantation silviculture in the southern United States. Pp In Rauscher, M. and K. Johnsen (eds.), History of Forest Science in the Southern United States. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. 75.

53 Nanotechnology & Cellulose 5 20 nm Cellulose - most abundant polymer Saves space, time, material, & energy Novel properties Intersection of living/non-living Cornerstone of biomass- based renewable & sustainable economy Source : Robert Moon USDA FPL

54 Applications for Nanocellulose Paper and paperboard properties enhancement Composite materials reinforcement, electronics (smart paper) Food - low calorie replacement for carbohydrate thickeners, flavor carriers, and suspension spension stabilizers s Hygiene and absorbent products absorbent polymers and antimicrobial films Emulsion and dispersion wide variety of industrial applications Oil recovery Medical, cosmetic and pharmaceutical Smart materials, smart packaging Other applications industrial films, solvents, batteries, membranes

55 Nanotechnology The Next Industrial Revolution R.W. Siegel Director, Rensselaer Nanotechnology Center 100 Nanotechnology n Societ ty Im mpact o Solid State Technology Biotechnology o ogy Year Source: ten Wold 1998

56 UMaine Nanocellulose Research Program g Collaboration with USFS FPL

57 Maine is a great place for forest industry to meet these future opportunities

58 Why Maine is a Great Place for Forest Industry As much forestland (90% by area) as when Europeans arrived in the 1600s 93% privately owned forest Largest, contiguous, privately owned, working forest in US Twice the standing wood volume today in 1950 Can sustainably produce about 600 million cubic feet of wood each year

59 Why Maine is a Great Place for Forest Industry One of the highest woody biomass producing states in the US Harvest and growth are in balance statewide Very diverse tree species, with good balance of hardwoods and softwoods Market for everything! One of the most diverse and best integrated forest products processing and transportation systems in the US Grow lots of wood within 1 day drive of 70 Grow lots of wood within 1-day drive of 70 million of the richest people on the planet

60 Why Maine is a Great Place for Forest Industry Rapidly returned to forest using natural regeneration methods after harvest 51% of Maine s working forests (9 million acres) are third-party certified National leader in forest conservation easements, with about 3.5 million acres protected from development (2.1 million acres are working forest easements) Highest non-hydro renewable electrical l generation in US because (wood provides ~20% of electrical generation)

61 Why Maine is a Great Place for Forest Industry

62 As much forestland (90% by area) as when Europeans arrived in the 1600s p Source: Maine Forest Service 2013 in Maine Forest Economy, MFPC

63 Largest, unbroken, privately owned, working forests in the US Source: The night sky in the World Satellite monitoring of the artificial night sky brightness and the stellar visibility (

64 Commercial Forestland Owners 93% of forest privately owned Largest contiguous block of private commercial forestland in the US

65 One of the highest forest biomass producing regions in US

66 Twice the Standing Volume of the 1930s Twice as much standing wood volume today than in to Present Source: McWilliams, W.H., et al The forests of Maine: Resour. Bull. NE-164. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 188 p.

67 Diverse Forests & Tree Species From: Seymour, R.S The Northeast Region. In J.W. Barrett (Ed.), Regional Silviculture of the United States

68 Nice Balance of Hardwoods & Softwoods Source: McWilliams, W.H., et al The Forests of Maine: USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. Resour. Bull. NE p.

69 Current Harvest to Growth Ratio = 1:1 Maine can sustainably harvest about 600 million cubic feet (7 million cords) of wood annually

70 Sustainably produces 600 million cubic feet of wood 843 ft 853 ft 600 million cubic feet Transamerica Pyramid, San Francisco 843 ft 83rd tallest building in the world

71 Balanced Wood Products Market Sawlogs Energy 24% Wood 18% Firewood 2% Pulpwood 56% Source: Maine Forest Service 2011

72 Diverse forest products industry with a highly integrated processing and transportation system And we do all of this within a one day drive of 70 million of the richest people on the planet Source: Lilieholm, Peter R. Lammert, Greg R. Lord and Stacy N. Trosper Directory of Maine s Primary Wood Processors. Maine Forest Service and University of Maine School of Forest Resources

73 Maine Renewable Energy Profile Wood provides 18-25% of the electrical generation in Maine Highest proportion of biomass electrical generation in US Highest non-hydro renewable electrical generation in US because of wood

74 Sustainable Forest Certification 9 million certified acres 51% of state s forestland National leader in forest certification i i h i First-in-the-nation Master Logger Certification program has certified >100 loggers

75 Conservation Easements in Maine 35million 3.5 acres total Most (2.1 million acres) are working forest easements Fastest growing forestland allocation Eliminates largest Eliminates largest threat to forests Conversion to nonforest

76 Naturally Regenerated Forest Magical Forest Any harvesting quickly produces new trees Source: McWilliams, W.H., et al The Forests of Maine: USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. Resour. Bull. NE p.

77 Largely Extensively Managed Forest Source: McWilliams, W.H., et al The Forests of Maine: USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. Resour. Bull. NE p.

78 One of few US states with forest-dependent economy $8 Billion total economic impact in 2011 (MFPC) Leading (29%) state product export in 2012 (ME Econ Growth Council) Maine makes up Maine makes up 57% of the all the wood harvested from the northern forest states (NY, VT, NH, ME) (NEFA 2007)

79 Maine Forests are a Recreation and Tourism Destination $1.15 billion in 2005 (NEFA 2007)

80 Conclusion Wood is the most environmentally sound material on earth Humans will continue to need wood for a wide variety of purposes p Population growth, rising living standards, GHG policy, green building technology, bioenergy, and nanotechnology all present great promise for future wood demand Maine is a great place for growing Maine is a great place for growing and processing wood products

81 Thank You!