Ministry of Forestry, Republic of Indonesia Jakarta, August 2009

Transcription

1 Ministry of Forestry, Republic of Indonesia Jakarta, August 2009

2 GLOBAL MAP INDONESIA

3 ITS STRETCHES FROM LONDON TO TEHERAN

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5 NATIONAL FOREST AREAS ( million Ha) 5

6 Indonesia s Forests Appr. 120 mill. ha 60% of the total land Protection forests: soil and water system Conservation forests: nature & bio diversity Production forests : timber and NTFPs Convertible Production forests: other land uses

7 In Indonesia, since 1993 there are 4 million ha planted with mainly acacias, eucalyptus or pine trees. Some 0,000 families are already benefiting from practicing smallscale forest, whilst the earth benefits from the responsible use of resources

8 The contention that forests are not being conserved in tropical areas does not represent the truth- the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) reports that 13.4 per cent of the world s forests are under conservation. The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) also reports that conservation areas have been expanding annually by more the 30 percent.

9 Furthermore, large forest areas are earmarked for conservation and protection - Indonesia s protected and conserved forest area is 23 % of the country s land mass; in Brazil it is 15 %; Malaysia is 16 %. When planted forest and natural production forest is added, nearly half of Indonesia s land mass is forested; for Malaysia the figure is 64 per cent; brazil is 57 per cent and 65 per cent of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (world growth report, 2009)

10 Forest Lost 1.7 mill. Ha/year in ,8 mill. Ha/year in ,2 mill. Ha/year in

11 DEFORESTATION AND DEGRADATION RATE ( ) Juta Ha Causes: Mostly due to the changes in the spatial planning,illegal logging, land encroachment, forest fire, not adequate law enforcement,poverty, and unbalancing of the (mostly) wood supply and demands 11

12 Causes of deforestation INTENDED CAUSES: planned conversion into other uses legal log harvesting UNINTENDED CAUSES: illegal logging forest fires

13 MANAGEMENT OF PRODUCTION FOREST IN INDONESIA Less Deforestation ( + ) Intensive Silviculture Mgmt of Logged Over Forest Forest Concession Sustainable Forest Mgmt No Forest Cover ( ) OPEN ACCESS Good Forest Cover ( + ) Community Forest Plantation Industrial Forest Plantation Conversion to Other Uses Industrial Forest Plantation Enrichment Planting Ecological Restoration More Deforestation ( ) > : Ultimate Goal of Forest Management

14 Climate Change & Forests Controversial issue since Kyoto Protocol AR CDM (decision 14/CP.10) is not easy Bali Action Plan, 1.(b).(iii): REDD after 2012, Conservation, Sustainable Forest Management, and Enhancing forest carbon stocks Understanding the role of forests in absorbing CO2 is crucial Future carbon market 14

15 CLIMATE CHANGE AND CARBON FORESTS AND CARBON Carbon Sequestration through forest Natural process of photosynthesis Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere + sunlight => a chemical reaction => oxygen and glucose. Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere effectively captured in the structure of tree (carbon about 50% of tree s biomass). 15

16 MITIGATIONS Reduce deforestation and forest degradation Afforestation and reforestation Forest management interventions to maintain or increase forest carbon stocks (forests, wood products) Increase carbon stocks in wood products, future source of green energy such as methanol and ethanol (2 nd and 3 rd generation) 16

17 PLANTING TREES, MANAGE THE FOREST FOR PRODUCTS AND CARBON Planting trees is the answer to the World companionship on earth, planting trees means cooling down the earth Show actions based on our comparative advantage (share visions on reducing global warming) Indonesia offers solution of transforming CO2 into solid carbon, green products, and bioenergy along with biodiversity, ecosystem, soil & water conservation 17

18 Forests role in global carbon Reservoirs Sinks 1650 GtC more than twice the carbon as in the atmosphere 2.6 GtC/yr Sources 1.6 GtC/yr = (deforestation) 17.4% GHG emissions 8

19 National Movement on Forest and Land Rehabilitation ha ~ seedling including UNEP AWARD for planting trees (before COP 13, 2007) seedling seedling by Ladies program 2008 program of seedling (100 million trees program) 2009 target of seedling (one man one tree) 14

20 Biomass to carbon ~ 0.5 Carbon to CO2 ~ 3.7 Biomass to CO2 ~ 1.83 Conversion factors Data of the New variety of Teak age of 5 years (Farhada, 2009): Diameter 20.3 cm Height 12 m Proxy of carbon 132,78 kilogram per tree Proxy of CO2 eq ton CO2eq per tree Bangkok percapita CO2 emission 7.1 tons of carbon dioxide per annum in 2007 => 35.5 ton for 5 years ~ 72 trees (carbon neutral) Similar to New York in

21 Concept of RED, REDD and REDD Plus in Forestry Sector, Indonesia Good Forest Cover ( + ) No Management ( ) REDD Enhancing Carbon Sustainable Forest Management Conservation Good Management ( + ) RED More Conservation REDD No Forest Cover ( ) Plus: 1. Enhancing Carbon 2. SFM 3. Conservation

22 Indonesian Readiness National approach policies with local implementation consideration As archipelagic country Indonesia recognize the important and urgency of climate change impacts Mitigation and adaptation has become national priority Considering the diversity of Indonesia the national approaches for mitigation and adapation should be implemented by considering local circumstances

23 Regulatories in Forestry Sector Regulation for license to utilize forests for their environmental services (including carbon) Forest operators are encouraged to factor in the environmental services of the forests Forest environmental services are tradable Regulation on benefit sharing mechanism The world first ever regulation on distribution of benefits The benefits are distributed to project developer, communities, local government and central government

24 Capacities There have been engagements to involve communities the efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change Carbon trade is part of the efforts introduced to parties: communities, local government, NGOs, businesses Some pilot projects have enable local and national parties to develop their capacities

25 Institutions President has established and chair National Council for Climate Change (NCCC) There are various task forces in relevant ministries Multi stakeholders engagement has been started Regulatory frameworks have provide guidance for operations for mitigation and adaption of climate change

26 Forest Land Tenure

27 People and Forest About 48 mill live in & surrounding the forests Includes Customary Communities 6 mill. directly depend on the forests Forest land use schemes (tenures) : Customary Forests, CBFM, Comm. Plantation Forests, Village Forests, City/Metropolitan forest

28 FORESTED AREAS IN JAVA Forestry in Java mainly under control of PERHUTANI (State-owned Forest Enterprises), divided into 57 Management Units (MUs): Unit I Central Java : 20 MUs Unit II East Java : 23 MUs Unit III West Java and Banten : 14 MUs

29 JAVA INLAND Populations: ± 116 million peoples or around 60% of the Total Indonesian Populations. The most populous inland (900 person/km2) Only 6% of the total area of Indonesia Manpower Development Index: 66,72 (from the traget of 76,1) Forested area: 2,4 million ha (only 23% of the total area of Java) it should be at least 30% of the total area according to the Basic Forestry Law (1999) Perhutani s working area: 2,4 million ha (83%) with not less than 5600 Forest Villages.

30 FOREST CHARACTERISTICS oareas: ± Ha oscattered all over the inland from Banten (western tip) to Banyuwangi (eastern tip) o Interaction with 5590 forest villages o The centre of political power overi high demands of wood and non wood forest products

31 PERHUTANI S ROLE IN THE FOREST LAND TENURE IN JAVA

32 From the State Based Forest Management to Community Based Forest Management From Timber Forest Management to Forest Resource Management Repressive Prosperity

33 THE HISTORY OF FOREST MANAGEMENT IN JAVA FROM SECURITY APPROACH TO PROSPERITY APPROACH (Subsidising people for their basic needs, ie: clean water, infrastructure,etc) DEVELOPMENT OF VILLAGES COMMUNITIES (in the form of CSR top down programs) SOCIAL FORESTRY (Starting with bottom up approaches, AGROFORESTRY, Sylvopasture,etc) INTEGRATED COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT (under the coordination of local government) COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT, DEVELOPMENT OF STRONG CIVIL SOCIETY (strong coordination of local government, NGO, Civil Society and Company) COMMUNITY BASED FOREST MANAGEMENT (togetherness, sharing benefits, transparent, simple and accountable)

34 CBFM Plus Perum Perhutani A State Owned Forestry Enterprise Community Based Forest Management CBFM Plus is a forest tenurial system mostly in Java, with: 1. sinergical collaborative between Perhutani, local villagers and any stakeholders involved in forestry bussiness. 2. to achieve the sustainable forest production and 3. optimalization of the local human resources, based on theiradaptation, participation, accomodative and flexible.

35 FLEXIBILITY (Depends on the working forest area, the type of bussinesss activities, local culture and custom and the ability of the local man powers) ACCOMODATIVE (Involving as many as possible local peoples and parties) PARTICIPATIVE (from all stakeholders) SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (The sensitivity to the income, education, health and the total prosperity of the whole people) 35

36 THE DEVELOPMENT OF CBFM PLUS IN MANY VILLAGES NEARBY FOREST (AS FOR SEPTEMBER 2008) Perum Perhutani A State Owned Forestry Enterprise Unit Manag ement Total Villages surrounding the forest area (Units) CBFM Villages (Units) Forest Area (Ha) Total Families involved Percentages ( 3 : 2) I , , % II 1,947 1, , % III 1,574 1, ,78 1, % TOTAL 5,489 5,085 1, , %

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38 CONTRIBUTION OF THE LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ( ) Perum Perhutani A State Owned Forestry Enterprise External input from the local government budget were: Unit I Central Java : Rp. 20mill Unit II East Java : Rp. 21mill Unit III West Java : Rp. 15mill Total : Rp. 56mill

39 Perhutani s Perum Perhutani A State Owned Forestry Enterprise Contributions Give the right to the local people to utilise the land under the trees (the main tree species is teak) to plant food-produced species. Mainly: corn, rice, nuts, and herbal medicines. The results was spectacular. From 2001 s/d 2008 it was harvested not less than 3.37 millon tons of food and herbal, amounting to around Rp trilion. The assumption were: a. Rice = Ton/Ha b. Corn = Ton/Ha c. Kacang-kacangan = Ton/Ha d. Umbi-umbian = Ton/Ha

40 OTHER EXAMPLES.

41 SERICULTURE, SILKWORM COCOON PRODUCTION

42 MURBEI CELUP PRODUKSI LMDH SUKAMANAH

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45 Plant Trees, Manage the Forest Restoration of degraded forests~ REDD (national prorgam, implemented locally) Carbon sequestration (+global benefit) Conserving ecosystem Sustainable Forestry Products (global benefit)

46 Trees and Reduction of CO2 Trees growth = carbon sequestration Tropical areas high growth (MAI) Tropical forest high sequestration