Challenges for Improving Forest Inventory Systems to Support Forest Carbon Monitoring in Indonesia

Transcription

1 Challenges for Improving Forest Inventory Systems to Support Forest Carbon Monitoring in Indonesia Presented in International Workshop on Forest Carbon Emission, Jakarta, 4 March 2015 Tatang Tiryana tangtir@apps.ipb.ac.id Division of Forestry Planning Department of Forest Management Faculty of Forestry Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) INDONESIA 1

2 Outline Introduction: Indonesia s forests Forest inventory systems Forest inventory at FMUs National forest inventory Concluding remarks Overview Emerging issues Suggested improvements 2

3 Introduction Total forest areas: million ha (MoF 2011) PROT = protection forest CONS = conservation forest PROD = production forest LPROD = limited production forest CPROD = convertible production forest 3

4 Introduction (2) Sustainable forest management requires updated data/information on forest resources Forest inventory Information needs Feed-back Implementation Inventory Assessment Quantity and quality of forest resources (Husch et al. 2002): Timber Non-timber (biodiversity, biomass, carbon, wildlife habitat, etc.) Policy/ planning Scenario adapted from FAO (2000) 4

5 Introduction (3) Recent demand: environmental benefits Carbon emission Financial incentive REDD+ Avoiding deforestation and forest degradation Sustainable management of forests Role of forest conservation Enhancement of forest carbon stocks 5

6 Emission Introduction (4) REDD+ mechanism: Baseline (BAU) Avoided emission => additionality REDD+ project MRV Time Measurement Reporting Verification Carbon stocks: = Activity data x Emission factor Forest inventory 6

7 Introduction (5) Forest inventory systems (MoF 2004) National Forest Inventory (NFI) Period 5 years (10 yrs?) Purpose Formulate national forestry plan Region (province/district) 5 years Formulate provincial forestry plan Watershed 5 years Formulate watershed management plan Forest management unit (FMU) 1, 5, 10 years Formulate forest management plans 7

8 Forest Inventory at FMUs (forest concessions) 8

9 Protocol Formal protocol for FMUs (since 2009): Inventarisasi Hutan Menyeluruh Berkala (IHMB) protocol (Permenhut No. 33/Menhut-II/2009) IHMB = comprehensive and periodic forest inventory Applicable for: Natural production forests Plantation forests Purpose: Develop Rencana Kerja Umum (RKU), a long term (10 years) management plan 9

10 IHMB of Natural Production Forests Sampling design for NPFs (MoF, 2009): Systematic line-plot sampling with random start Plot size: 0.25 ha Line/transect Sub-plots: Sapling (r=2.82 m): DBH <10 cm Pole (10x10m): DBH cm Small trees (20x20 cm): DBH cm Big trees (20x125 cm): DBH 125 cm 10

11 IHMB of Plantation Forests Sampling design for PFs: Systematic plot sampling with random start Compartment-based inventory (e.g. age classes) Circular plots: 0.02, 0.04, 0.1 ha k-tree sampling (as option): 6, 8, 10 trees, etc. 11

12 IHMB Issues Some FMUs conduct IHMB just to fulfill a formal regulation: Mostly use third-party/consultant increase costs Concern only with commercial timber Some data might be questionable For annual planning, FMUs use a pre-logging forest inventory Lack of well-trained FMU staffs may increase non-sampling errors No detailed evaluation of IHMB results: Unclear policy of further use of IHMB data for district/province/national levels Sampling design might not be fully implemented: Fully terrestrial-based inventory (with 0.25 ha/plot) Survey performance: 2 plots/team/day Example, FMU with 50,000 ha: 650 plots 12

13 IHMB issues (2) The IHMB purpose to periodically monitor standing stocks over time may not be realized: Some FMUs do not maintain permanent sample plots The 10 year inventory may not capture rapid forest changes (e.g. in Java): illegal logging, fires, grazing, etc. 13

14 Suggested Improvements Develop a more efficient IHMB protocol: Balancing precision and costs Combine field measurement and remote sensing data: not necessary to visit inaccessible forest areas enable to spatially predict forest attributes Comprehensive objectives (beyond timber) Implement SFM practices at FMUs: Reliable inventory data support SFM Employ well trained people (e.g. forestry bachelors) Do it by FMU staffs reduce costs 14

15 Suggested Improvements (2) For plantation forests in Java: Use of high resolution satellite images to monitor forest changes: Provide detailed information on plantation resources: How many trees have lost within a year? Implement community-based forest inventory: Involve local community to conduct a tree census in a stand compartment Provide actual data on current number and volume of trees basis for timber sharing program 15

16 National Forest Inventory (NFI) 16

17 NFI System Conducted by Ministry of Forestry since 1989 The First NFI: , supported by FAO & WB NFI objectives (Wardoyo, pers.com): to provide information on the location and extent of the main forest and landuse types to estimate volume and growth by forest type, species and species groups to assess the state of forest areas and diversity Recent objective: estimate forest biomass or carbon stocks 17

18 NFI system (2) Distribution of NFI plots: Rahayu (2012) 18

19 100 m NFI system (3) Cluster plot of PSP/TSP 20 x 20 km grids Since 2010: addition of 10x10 km and 5x5 km grids TSP data (plots 1 4, 6 9): to estimate potency of timber and non-timber at certain time/year 100 m cross-section/panel data FAO (2007) PSP data (plot 5): to estimate forest changes from time to time waktu longitudinal/time-series data for a certain time/year, PSP can be treated as TSP 19

20 NFI system (4) Main outputs: Statistics on forest resources (mainly timbers) at national, island, and provincial levels NFI of Indonesia (1996) 20

21 NFI Issues Number of PSP/TSP cluster plots are decreasing: Lack of inventory data for some forest areas (e.g. conservation forests, mangrove forests) Some plots disappeared MoF (pers.com) Most data are outdated: Re-measurement of NFI plots do not conducted regularly Ages of data are differ within database Establishment of new NFI plots are limited Could not represent rapid forest changes (e.g. due to deforestation or degradation) 21

22 NFI issues (2) No linkage between NFI and other forest inventories (e.g. forest management unit level) Less efforts on further data processing and analysis: Mostly concern with timber potency The first NFI was not designed to include biomass and carbon stock measurements Lack of information concerning non-timber benefits Recently, MoF and BP-REDD have derived Indonesia s emission factors based on NFI data to support REDD+ projects No models available for estimating forest growth and yield within an inventory period Remote sensing data are not used yet for spatially predicting forest attributes (volume, biomass, etc). 22

23 Suggested Improvements Integration of multi-source field inventories and remote sensing data: Overcome the lack of NFI cluster plots by integrating forest inventory data at FMUs level Enable spatial estimation of forest resources Support timely and updated information on the current condition of forest resources Modeling forest growth and other attributes: Overcome the difference of NFI data ages Assess the dynamic of forest resources Support periodical reporting of forest resources Enrich NFI statistics on non-timber values and benefits 23

24 Suggested Improvements (2) Developing an integrated Information System on National Forest Resources: Improve the existing NFI database system Provide comprehensive data and information on the past, present, and future condition of forest resources (timber and non-timbers) Support decision makers for managing forest resources 24

25 Concluding Remarks The existing inventory systems needs some improvements: enable FMUs to conduct more efficient and reliable forest inventories capable to monitor rapid forest changes at FMU and state levels Some research issues: integration of multi-source forest inventory data modeling growth and yield the use of (high resolution) satellite images to monitor forest changes designing community-based forest inventory developing integrated information system 25

26 Thank you Terima kasih ありがとうございます 26