State of the Art and Prospectives for Steep Terrain Harvesting in Austria
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1 Faculty of Forestry March 27 th 2013, Zagreb State of the Art and Prospectives for Steep Terrain Harvesting in Austria Prof. Dr. Karl Stampfer Institute of Forest Engineering, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna Introduction and Background 1
2 % >60 < 30 39% slope gradient 39% 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 3 Felling and processing methods in Austria (2010) 84,55% 15,45% Quelle: Holzeinschlagsmeldung, Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 4 2
3 Timber extraction methods in Austria (2007) Source: Holzeinschlagsmeldung, Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 5 Annual cut in Austria Yarding volume 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 6 3
4 Components of yarding systems Source: Cavalli, Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 7 Mobile yarders in Austria Yarders (Sledge winch) Tower yarders Self-propelled carriages 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 8 4
5 Tower yarder carriers tractor trailer truck 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 9 Integrated processors on tower yarders 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 10 5
6 Harvesting systems Excavator - winch grapple System Hochleitner 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 12 6
7 Capstan winch and butterfly pulley Source: Hochleitner 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 13 Excavator - winch processor System Klade 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 14 7
8 System Klade Working procedure 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 15 Conventional winch and butterfly pulley 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 16 8
9 Excavator - winch processor Why? Difficult (not passable) terrain Too short distances and too less timber for a classical tower yarder installation. Physical stress/strain? Working safety? 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 17 Tethered harvesting machines 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 18 9
10 Traction aid winches 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 19 Harvester and cable-forwarder (Cut-to-length) 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 20 10
11 Rut formation effects of forwarders 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 21 Rut depth comparison between two forwarder types 40 Cable Forwarder 35 Forwarder 30 Rut depth [cm] Distance [m] Example of a 20 m segment Terrain slope: 36% Number of loaded passages: 9 Source: WRATSCHKO, Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 22 11
12 Harvester and tower yarder (Cut-to-length) 14 m 28 m 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 23 Excavator - yarder processor System Herzog Grizzly Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 24 12
13 Excavator - yarder processor System Zöggeler with 2 drums Source: Zöggeler 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 25 Excavator - yarder processor System Zöggeler with 3 drums Source: Zöggeler 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 26 13
14 Chain saw and tower yarder (Cut-to-length) 15 m 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 27 Chain saw, tower yarder and processor (Whole-tree 1) 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 28 14
15 Chain saw, tower yarder and processor (Whole-tree 2) 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 29 Chain saw, tower yarder and processor (Whole-tree 3) Photo: Loschek 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 30 15
16 Chain saw and sledge winch (Cut-to-length) 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 31 Chain saw and helicopter (Tree-length) 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 32 16
17 Evaluation of harvesting systems Evaluation categories Economically viable Environmentally sound Socially acceptable 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 34 17
18 Tower yarder productivity 13,5 productivity (m 3 under bark/psh15) 12,0 10,5 9,0 7,5 6,0 4,5 3,0 1,5 slope 40% slope 50% slope 60% mean yarding distance (200 m) mean lateral yarding distance (5 m) 1 machine operator, 1 feller/choker-setter closed working chain Syncrofalke with processor Wolf 50 B 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 tree volume (m 3 under bark) 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 35 Direct profit contribution Costs/Revenues [Euro/m 3 ] Thinning/Single tree selection Whole tree cable yarding DBH [cm] Costs Revenues 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 36 18
19 Residual stand damage Preference range Chain saw and cable yarder with processor 15-43% Tracked harvester and cable yarder 20-28% Tracked harvester and forwarder 13-21% Wheeled harvester and forwarder 4-14% Limbeck-Lilienau et al., 2003 Residual stand damage [%] 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 37 Cable yarding Job-rotation 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 38 19
20 Chain saw, tower yarder and processor (Whole-tree) Photo: Loschek 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 39 Harvesting System 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 40 20
21 Radio-controlled chokers Concept use technology to remotely release chokers Benefits: productivity - reduced unhook time? safety - eliminating unhook task? Costs: Work-load on choker-setter? System purchase? 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 41 Standard versus radio controlled choker Standard choker Radio controlled choker Weight (kg/piece) Price (Euro/piece) 11 2, Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 42 21
22 Radio controlled chokers European manufacturers LUDWIG Choker (Germany) WYSSEN (Switzerland) 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 43 Productivity Payback Radio controlled choker Standard choker Productivity [m³/psh 15 ] Tree volume: 0,6 m 3 Productivity difference: 0,62 m 3 /PSH 15 Cost for the work: 32 Euro/m 3 Benefit: 20 Euro/PSH 15 Pay back of the investment after app. 500 hours Tree volume [m³] 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 44 22
23 Working Strain 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 45 STRATOS fiber ropes Less weight: STRATOS is around 80% lighter than a comparable steel wire rope Reduction of installation time Ergonomic improvements Less working accidents Reduction of injuries through sprags Price 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 46 23
24 STRATOS Anchor 26 mm diameter 0.47 kg/m weight same breaking load than comparable wire ropes special rope cover at the end for a better fixing at the tree or stump Source: Kirth et al. & BOKU 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 47 STRATOS Support 14 mm diameter 0,13 kg/m weight special buttstraps every 1,5 m for tensioning the rope with a lug all Source: Kirth et al. & BOKU 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 48 24
25 STRATOS Extension 29 mm diameter 0,63 kg/m weight special locking bolt at the fiber/steel connection to avoid rope torsion Source: Kirth et al. & BOKU 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 49 Cost comparison Tower yarder guying Steel rope (QS816V-3AY) STRATOS Anchor Costs/running metre [ /lfm] 12,80 32,00 Costs/Rope [ ] Number of ropes [n] 4 4 Costs/Complete equipment [ ] Source: Teufelberger, Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 50 25
26 Rope pulling out for anchoring Steel rope 22 mm STRATOS Anchor 26 mm 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 51 Anchoring time 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 52 26
27 Tower yarder guying Working strain 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 53 Period of amortization Example Mayr-Melnhof 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 54 27
28 Thank you for your attention 2013 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 55 28
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