State of the Art and Prospectives for Steep Terrain Harvesting in Austria
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1 Faculty of Forestry April 2015, Zagreb State of the Art and Prospectives for Steep Terrain Harvesting in Austria Prof. Dr. Karl Stampfer Institute of Forest Engineering, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna Introduction and Background 1
2 % >60 < 30 39% slope gradient 39% 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 3 Felling and processing methods in Austria (2010) 84,55% 15,45% Quelle: Holzeinschlagsmeldung, Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 4 2
3 Timber extraction methods in Austria (2007) Source: Holzeinschlagsmeldung, Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 5 Annual cut in Austria Yarding volume 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 6 3
4 Components of yarding systems Source: Cavalli, Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 7 Mobile yarders in Austria Yarders (Sledge winch) Tower yarders Self-propelled carriages 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 8 4
5 Tower yarder carriers tractor trailer truck 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 9 Integrated processors on tower yarders 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 10 5
6 Harvesting systems Excavator - winch grapple System Hochleitner 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 12 6
7 Capstan winch and butterfly pulley Source: Hochleitner 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 13 Excavator - winch processor System Klade 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 14 7
8 System Klade Working procedure 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 15 Conventional winch and butterfly pulley 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 16 8
9 Excavator - winch processor Why? Difficult (not passable) terrain Too short distances and too less timber for a classical tower yarder installation. Physical stress/strain? Working safety? 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 17 Tethered harvesting machines 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 18 9
10 Traction aid winches 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 19 Harvester and cable-forwarder (Cut-to-length) 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 20 10
11 New harvesting technologies Efficiency improvement 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 21 Rut formation effects of forwarders 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 22 11
![Rut depth comparison between two forwarder types 40 Cable Forwarder 35 Forwarder 30 Rut depth [cm] 25 20 15](/docs-images/81/83143881/images/12-0.jpg "10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Distance [m] Example of a 20 m segment Terrain")
12 Rut depth comparison between two forwarder types 40 Cable Forwarder 35 Forwarder 30 Rut depth [cm] Distance [m] Example of a 20 m segment Terrain slope: 36% Number of loaded passages: 9 Source: WRATSCHKO, Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 23 Harvester and ground-based carriage PULLY Foto: Institut für Forsttechnik 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 24 12
13 Harvester and tower yarder (Cut-to-length) 14 m 28 m 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 25 Excavator - yarder processor System Herzog Grizzly Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 26 13
14 Excavator - yarder processor System Zöggeler with 2 drums Source: Zöggeler 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 27 Excavator - yarder processor System Zöggeler with 3 drums Source: Zöggeler 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 28 14
15 Chain saw and tower yarder (Cut-to-length) 15 m 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 29 Chain saw, tower yarder and processor (Whole-tree 1) 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 30 15
16 Chain saw, tower yarder and processor (Whole-tree 2) 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 31 Chain saw, tower yarder and processor (Whole-tree 3) Photo: Loschek 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 32 16
17 Syncrofalke 4 to with double carriage Liftliner 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 33 Chain saw and sledge winch (Cut-to-length) 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 34 17
18 Chain saw and helicopter (Tree-length) 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 35 Chain saw and helicopter (Whole-tree) 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 36 18
19 Evaluation of harvesting systems Evaluation categories Economically viable Environmentally sound Socially acceptable 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 38 19
20 Whole tree cable yarding SWOT-Analysis Harvesting Efficiency residues Forest protection Working accidents Nutrient loss Stand damage Physical workload Length measurement Recruiting & Training 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 39 Tower yarder productivity 13,5 productivity (m 3 under bark/psh15) 12,0 10,5 9,0 7,5 6,0 4,5 3,0 1,5 slope 40% slope 50% slope 60% mean yarding distance (200 m) mean lateral yarding distance (5 m) 1 machine operator, 1 feller/choker-setter closed working chain Syncrofalke with processor Wolf 50 B 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 tree volume (m 3 under bark) 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 40 20
![Direct profit contribution Costs/Revenues [Euro/m 3 ]](/docs-images/81/83143881/images/21-0.jpg "70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5")
21 Direct profit contribution Costs/Revenues [Euro/m 3 ] Thinning/Single tree selection Whole tree cable yarding DBH [cm] Costs Revenues 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 41 Whole tree cable yarding Residual stand damage 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 42 21
22 Cable yarding Job-rotation 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 43 Cable yarding Working accidents 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 44 22
23 Whole tree cable yarding Harvesting residues 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 45 Ash spreader on a carriage 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 46 23
24 New developments Chain saw, tower yarder and processor (Whole-tree) Photo: Loschek 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 48 24
25 Harvesting System 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 49 Radio-controlled chokers Concept use technology to remotely release chokers Benefits: productivity - reduced unhook time? safety - eliminating unhook task? Costs: Work-load on choker-setter? System purchase? 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 50 25
26 Standard versus radio controlled choker Standard choker Radio controlled choker Weight (kg/piece) Price (Euro/piece) 11 2, Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 51 Radio controlled chokers European manufacturers LUDWIG Choker (Germany) WYSSEN (Switzerland) 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 52 26
![Productivity Payback 14 12 Radio controlled choker Standard choker Productivity [m³/psh 15 ] 10 8 6 4 2 0 Tree volume: 0,6 m 3 Productivity difference: 0,62 m 3 /PSH 15 Cost for the work: 32 Euro/m 3](/docs-images/81/83143881/images/27-0.jpg "Benefit: 20 Euro/PSH 15 Pay back of the investment after app. 500 hours 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.")
27 Productivity Payback Radio controlled choker Standard choker Productivity [m³/psh 15 ] Tree volume: 0,6 m 3 Productivity difference: 0,62 m 3 /PSH 15 Cost for the work: 32 Euro/m 3 Benefit: 20 Euro/PSH 15 Pay back of the investment after app. 500 hours Tree volume [m³] 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 53 Working Strain 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 54 27
28 STRATOS fiber ropes Less weight: STRATOS is around 80% lighter than a comparable steel wire rope Reduction of installation time Ergonomic improvements Less working accidents Reduction of injuries through sprags Price 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 55 STRATOS Anchor 26 mm diameter 0.47 kg/m weight same breaking load than comparable wire ropes special rope cover at the end for a better fixing at the tree or stump Source: Kirth et al. & BOKU 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 56 28
29 STRATOS Support 14 mm diameter 0,13 kg/m weight special buttstraps every 1,5 m for tensioning the rope with a lug all Source: Kirth et al. & BOKU 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 57 STRATOS Extension 29 mm diameter 0,63 kg/m weight special locking bolt at the fiber/steel connection to avoid rope torsion Source: Kirth et al. & BOKU 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 58 29
![[ ] 1.021 2.](/docs-images/81/83143881/images/30-1.jpg "686 Number of ropes [n] 4 4 Costs/Complete equipment [ ] 4.084 10.")
30 Cost comparison Tower yarder guying Steel rope (QS816V-3AY) STRATOS Anchor Costs/running metre [ /lfm] 12,80 32,00 Costs/Rope [ ] Number of ropes [n] 4 4 Costs/Complete equipment [ ] Source: Teufelberger, Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 59 Rope pulling out for anchoring Steel rope 22 mm STRATOS Anchor 26 mm 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 60 30
31 Anchoring time 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 61 Tower yarder guying Working strain 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 62 31
32 Period of amortization Example Mayr-Melnhof 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 63 Thank you for your attention 2015 Stampfer - BOKU Forest Engineering 64 32
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