A Report on the City of Chesapeake s Existing and Possible Urban Tree Canopy

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1 A Report on the City of Chesapeake s Existing and Possible Urban Tree Canopy Project Background The analysis of Chesapeake s urban tree canopy (UTC) was carried out at the request of the Virginia Department of Forestry in collaboration with the City of Chesapeake and the Chesapeake Bay Program. The analysis was performed by the Virginia Geospatial Extension Program (VGEP) at Virginia Tech s Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation in consultation with the Spatial Analysis Laboratory (SAL) of the University of Vermont. The goal of the project was to apply the USDA Forest Service s UTC assessment protocols to the City of Chesapeake. This analysis was conducted based on year 2008 data. Table 1: area and percentages for the City *% Total Land Area includes area covered by water. UTC Classes Acres % Total Land Area* % Land Area Tree Canopy 26, % 39.0% Non-Tree Vegetation 21, % 32.7% Non-Building Impervious 14, % 21.6% Buildings Impervious 4, % 6.7% Water 4, % 0.0% Total Area 71, % 100.0% Key Terms UTC: Urban tree canopy (UTC) is the layer of leaves, branches, and stems of trees that cover the ground when viewed from above. Land Cover: Physical features on the earth mapped from satellite or aerial imagery such as trees, or water. : The amount of UTC present within parcel boundaries. Possible UTC: The amount of land that is theoretically available for the establishment of tree canopy within parcel boundaries. Possible UTC excludes areas covered by tree canopy, roads, buildings, and water. It is the combination of Possible UTC - Vegetation and Possible UTC - Impervious. Possible UTC - Vegetation: The amount of land that is theoretically available for the establishment of tree canopy in non-tree vegetation areas within parcel boundaries. This excludes areas covered by tree canopy, impervious surfaces, and water. Possible UTC - Impervious: The amount of land that is theoretically available for the establishment of tree canopy in impervious areas within parcel boundaries. This includes impervious areas (roads, parking lots, and sidewalks) except for buildings. Why is Tree Canopy Important? Urban tree canopy (UTC) is the layer of leaves, branches, and stems of trees that cover the ground when viewed from above. Urban tree canopy provides many benefits to communities including improving water quality, conserving energy, lowering city temperatures, reducing air pollution, enhancing property values, providing wildlife habitat, facilitating social and educational opportunities, and providing aesthetic benefits. Figure 1: Land cover for the City of Chesapeake. How Much Tree Canopy Does Chesapeake Have? Figure 1 shows the UTC a n a l y s i s f o r t h e Chesapeake assessment area (32% of Chesapeake s entire area), which is derived from high resolution aerial imagery. 26,210 acres of Chesapeake is covered by tree canopy (termed ). This corresponds to 39% of all land area within the City (Table 1). An additional 29,089 acres of the City could theoretically be improved to support urban tree canopy (termed Possible UTC), Table 2. 5/18/2010 1

2 Using high-resolution (1 meter) National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery acquired in the summer of 2008 (Figure 2) in combination with remote sensing techniques, land cover data for the City was generated (Figure 2). A 97% accuracy rate was found after conducting an accuracy assessment. Single trees with canopies larger than 16 square meters were detected. Parcels Mapping Chesapeake s Trees Who Owns Chesapeake s Trees? The detailed land cover mapping conducted as part of this assessment allowed the percentage of Existing and Possible UTC to be calculated for each parcel of land (Figure 3). Using this data, ownership patterns for and Possible UTC (Figure 4) can be examined NAIP Imagery (1m) Possible UTC Land Cover Derived from 2008 NAIP Imagery (1m) Figure 2: Comparison of 2008 NAIP imagery to the resulting highresolution land cover. 5/18/2010 Figure 3: UTC metrics summarized at the property parcel level 2

3 5/18/2010 Figure 4: UTC metrics summarized by property parcel. 3

4 Urban Tree Canopy Summarized by Property Parcels Using the parcel data provided by the City of Chesapeake, Existing and Possible UTC were summarized by property parcels. This summary excludes any area outside of property parcel boundaries and areas covered by water. Chesapeake has 42% (24,408 acres) and 50% (29,089 acres) Possible UTC. Possible UTC has two components, Possible UTC - Vegetation and Possible UTC - Impervious. 34% (19,583 acres) of parcel land area is associated with Possible UTC - Vegetation. 16% (9,507 acres) of parcel land area is associated with Possible UTC - Impervious (Figure 5). Figure 4 shows through out the City of Chesapeake summarized by property parcels. Urban Tree Canopy Summarized by Zoning Using the zoning data provided by the City of Chesapeake, Existing and Possible UTC were summarized by zoning category (pages 5-8). The zoning category R-15S has the largest amount of land area with 22,080 acres (Table 3a) and the most (25.6%). B-2 is 2nd (25.7%) in the amount of. Figure 6a compares zoning categories by the amount of land area for all zones with more than 3,000 acres. Figure 6b compares zoning categories by the amount of land area for all zones with less than 3,000 acres. Figure 7 shows Possible UTC by zoning category for the City. Table 2: Acres and percent land area from UTC metrics summarized by property parcels. *Not Suitable for UTC includes all water areas some of which may lay outside of parcel boundaries. UTC Parcel Metrics Acres % Parcel Land Area Parcel Land Area 57, % 24, % Possible UTC 29, % Possible UTC - Vegetation 19, % Possible UTC - Impervious 9, % Not Suitable for UTC* 8, % Figure 5: Pie chart showing Chesapeake UTC distribution. A-1 A-1 OSAP AC B-1 Possible UTC Area Possible UTC-Vegetation Possible UTC-Impervious Land Area B-2 C-3 M-1 M-2 O-I PUD R-10S R-15S R-40 R-8S R-MF Acres Figure 6a: UTC metrics summarized by zoning categories for all zones with more than 3,000 acres. 5/18/2010 4

5 Urban Tree Canopy Summarized by Zoning B-3 B-4 B-5 C-1 Possible UTC Area Possible UTC-Vegetation Possible UTC-Impervious Land Area C-2 M-3 R-10 R-12(A)S R-12S R-15 R-15(A)S R-25(A)S R-25S R-40S R-6 R-8 RE-1 R-MF-2 R-SFA R-TH Acres Figure 6b: UTC metrics summarized by zoning categories for all zones with less than 3,000 acres. 5/18/2010 5

6 Urban Tree Canopy Summarized by Zoning Table 3a: UTC metrics by type, summarized by zoning categories. For each zone, category UTC metrics were computed as a percent of all zoned land in the City (% Land Area), as a percent of land area by zoning categories ( ) and as a percent of the area for the UTC type (% UTC Type). Note: Zoning categories continued in Table 3b, next page. Zoning Land Area (Acres) % Land Area Possible UTC -Vegetation Possible UTC -Impervious % UTC Type % Land Area % UTC Type % Land Area % UTC Type A-1 4, % 59.9% 5.9% 17.3% 344.0% 35.7% 1.9% 37.4% 16.6% A-1 OSAP 6, % 60.9% 9.6% 2.8% 34.0% 5.7% 0.3% 3.4% 2.4% AC 11, % 53.2% 14.1% 4.6% 33.4% 9.4% 0.9% 6.3% 7.6% B-1 3, % 37.2% 3.0% 1.2% 29.1% 2.5% 0.7% 15.9% 5.9% B-2 20, % 52.4% 25.7% 8.3% 32.8% 17.1% 2.1% 8.3% 18.5% B % 31.6% 0.6% 0.3% 26.0% 0.5% 0.2% 19.4% 1.7% B % 9.9% 0.1% 0.1% 18.4% 0.1% 0.1% 43.1% 1.3% B % 7.7% 0.0% 0.0% 15.5% 0.0% 0.0% 61.0% 0.4% C % 49.9% 0.7% 0.3% 45.8% 0.7% 0.0% 1.4% 0.1% C % 22.0% 0.2% 0.3% 67.3% 0.6% 0.0% 7.7% 0.3% C-3 6, % 60.9% 9.6% 2.8% 34.0% 5.7% 0.3% 3.4% 2.4% M-1 11, % 52.0% 14.1% 3.9% 27.9% 8.0% 2.0% 14.3% 17.6% M-2 4, % 26.2% 3.0% 2.0% 33.8% 4.1% 1.7% 29.5% 15.5% M % 25.0% 0.5% 0.4% 43.0% 0.9% 0.3% 25.2% 2.3% O-I 10, % 53.6% 12.9% 4.2% 34.0% 8.7% 0.8% 6.7% 7.3% PUD 6, % 26.4% 4.4% 2.9% 34.6% 6.1% 2.0% 23.6% 17.8% R % 34.2% 0.3% 0.2% 42.2% 0.4% 0.0% 10.2% 0.4% R-10S 8, % 35.8% 7.1% 3.4% 33.8% 7.1% 1.1% 10.8% 9.8% R-12(A)S 2, % 25.6% 1.5% 1.0% 32.1% 2.0% 0.4% 14.3% 3.8% R-12S % 26.9% 0.6% 0.4% 35.9% 0.8% 0.1% 13.2% 1.3% R-15 1, % 29.0% 1.1% 1.0% 49.4% 2.0% 0.2% 8.5% 1.5% R-15(A)S % 51.1% 0.4% 0.1% 18.1% 0.1% 0.1% 13.8% 0.5% R-15S 22, % 49.1% 25.6% 8.7% 32.5% 18.0% 2.1% 8.0% 18.9% Area of UTC type for specified land use % Land = Area of all land Area of UTC type for specified land use % = % UTC Type = Area of all land for specified land use Area of UTC type for specified land use Area of all UTC type The % Land Use value of 13.1% indicates that 13.1% of R-15S land is covered by tree canopy. The % value of 49.1% indicates that 49.1% of Chesapeake s land area is tree canopy in areas where the land use is R-15S. The % UTC Type value of 25.6% indicates that 25.6% of all lies in areas of R-15S land use. 5/18/2010 6

7 Urban Tree Canopy Summarized by Zoning Table 3b: UTC metrics by type, summarized by zoning categories. For each zone, category UTC metrics were computed as a percent of all zoned land in the City (% Land Area), as a percent of land area by zoning categories ( ) and as a percent of the area for the UTC type (% UTC Type). Note: Zoning categories continued from Table 3a, previous page. Zoning Land Area (Acres) % Land Area Possible UTC- Vegetation Possible UTC -Impervious % UTC Type % Land Area % UTC Type % Land Area R-25(A)S % 23.7% 0.0% 0.0% 46.7% 0.1% 0.0% 13.3% 0.1% R-25S 8 0.0% 73.2% 0.0% 0.0% 18.7% 0.0% 0.0% 2.6% 0.0% R-40 6, % 60.8% 9.6% 2.8% 34.1% 5.7% 0.3% 3.4% 2.4% R-40S 8 0.0% 47.0% 0.0% 0.0% 40.6% 0.0% 0.0% 3.4% 0.0% R-6 1, % 29.8% 1.0% 0.7% 36.9% 1.4% 0.2% 10.6% 1.7% R-8 1, % 25.5% 1.2% 0.9% 37.0% 1.8% 0.7% 27.2% 5.8% R-8S 3, % 28.9% 2.4% 1.6% 39.1% 3.4% 0.4% 8.7% 3.3% R-MF-1 7, % 41.4% 7.0% 2.6% 30.7% 5.5% 1.1% 12.6% 9.7% R-MF % 28.7% 0.3% 0.1% 27.8% 0.3% 0.1% 20.2% 1.0% R-SFA % 29.5% 0.2% 0.1% 37.4% 0.3% 0.0% 6.9% 0.2% R-TH % 27.3% 0.3% 0.1% 24.0% 0.3% 0.1% 15.7% 0.8% RE % 53.1% 1.0% 0.3% 36.8% 0.7% 0.1% 5.9% 0.5% % UTC Type 5/18/2010 7

8 Figure 7: Possible percentage increase of UTC mapped using zoning categories provided by the City of Chesapeake. 5/18/2010 8

9 Where to Plant Trees? Decision makers can use GIS to find out specific UTC metrics for a parcel or zoning category. This information can be used to estimate the amount of tree loss in a planned development or set UTC improvement goals for an area. GIS Database Figure 8: Parcel-based UTC metrics can be used to support targeted UTC. Conclusions Chesapeake s assessment area consisted of urban and suburban areas of the locality which makes up 32% of the entire locality. Chesapeake s urban tree canopy is a vital community asset, reducing stormwater runoff, improving air quality, reducing the City s carbon footprint, enhancing quality of life, contributing to savings on energy bills, and serving as habitat for wildlife. With 39%, Chesapeake s assessment area has similar canopy coverage as Fairfax County, Salem and Vinton. Figure 9 shows how Chesapeake s assessment area compares to other Virginia localities participating in Urban Tree Canopy Assessment Program. When summarized by property parcels, Chesapeake has 42% with 41% of all parcels having more than 25% canopy coverage. 80% (33,669 acres) of the is located within the following zoning categories: AC, B-2, M-1 and R-15S. 58% 60% 50% 47% 44% 39% 41% 40% 30% 30% 44% 53% 48% 44% 40% 39% 33% 27% 27% 27% 20% 20% 10% 0% *Data provided by University of Vermont **Data provided by Fairfax County Figure 9: Comparison of of land area (excluding areas covered by water) with other Virginia localities that have completed UTC assessments. Prepared by: Additional Information Jennifer McKee Geospatial Project Developer Virginia Geospatial Extension Program Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation Virginia Tech , jmckee@vt.edu The study was conducted with funding from the Virginia Department of Forestry. More information on the UTC assessment project can be found at the following web site. VA_UTC.html 5/18/2010 9

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