Social Accountability in CDD Operations

Transcription

1 Social Accountability in CDD Operations By Sanjay Agarwal CDD Core Course March 7, 2013

2 Common Problem Areas He got it. When will we get our loan? Do you have news on our VO? No! Haven t heard a thing!!

3 Social Accountability in the APRPRP Risks Measures Introduced in Program GAC Area Elite Capture Leadership rotation with fixed terms; Decision making through consensus; Performance ratings based on adherence to 5 cardinal principles Poor management Performance rating; Community monitoring and auditing; Intensive training and sensitization; Asset photo documentation Supplier Collusion Procurement committees at CBO level; Audited records by Chartered Accounts Governance Financial Management Procurement Poor Grievance Redress Poorly Targeted Funds Monitoring sub-committees at the VO, MS, ZS levels; Call centers Micro-planning; Participatory identification of poor; Funds disbursed publicly Grievance Redress/ Complaints Transparency/ Access to Information

4 Social Accountability Tools in CDD Operations Transparency Accountability Participation Information Dissemination and Demystification Public reporting of expenditure Public displays of information Information Campaigns Budget Literacy Campaigns Independent Budget Analysis Citizens Charters Participatory Monitoring Community Scorecard Citizen Report Card Social Audit Financial Management Procurement Monitoring Participatory Physical Audit Public Expenditure Tracking Input Tracking Community Oversight Integrity Pacts Complaint Handling Grievance Redress Mechanisms Public Hearings Citizens Juries Participatory Decision Making Participatory Planning Participatory Budgeting Participatory Management Community Management Community Contracting User Management Committees Citizen/User Membership in Decision-Making Bodies Information & Communication Technologies

5 Monitoring by Non-State Actors Third-party monitoring conducted by NGOs, universities, think tanks, consulting firms, academia and research institutes. Participatory monitoring conducted through Committees that include community representatives Direct beneficiary/citizen feedback through public meetings and/or ICTs Key Tools: Community Scorecards Citizen Report Cards and/or Satisfaction Surveys Social Audits

6 Community Scorecard The CSC is a community based monitoring tool that assess services, projects and government units by analyzing qualitative data obtained through focus group discussions with the community. Input Tracking Performance Scorecard by Community Self-Evaluation Scorecard by Provider Interface Meeting Action Plan/Follow-Up

7 Citizen Report Card What? A Citizen Report Card (CRC) is an assessment of public services by the users (citizens) through client feedback surveys. It goes beyond data collection to being an instrument for exacting public accountability through extensive media coverage and civil society advocacy that accompanies the process. How? The main elements of a CRC are: Information is collected at a city, state or national level via a survey questionnaire of individuals or households. Indicators are determined by researchers. Formal stratified random sampling is used to ensure that the data is representative of the underlying population. Actual perceptions about assessment of services is recorded as an output. Feedback is given to service providers and the government. 7

8 Social Audits Social Audit is a monitoring process through which project information is collected, analyzed and shared publicly in a participatory fashion. In a social audit, community members conduct investigative work at the end of which findings are shared and discussed publicly. Example Andhra Pradesh, India 5 rounds of social audits through village social auditors conducted in all villages where NREGS is implemented $4 million of $12 million misappropriated has been recovered

9 Social Audit Committees Watch dog for the Project Members from poor and non-poor Composition approved in General Assembly Emphasis on credibility and pro-poor perspective Attend and monitor VPRC meetings, processes followed including decision making, procurement, Financial Management Provide a periodic report to the Village Assembly Ensures transparency

10 PNDP, Indonesia - Grievance Redress Handling Complaints Stop Corruption in this Country

11 Step 1: Gemi Diriya Problem-Solving Communication Tree If a problem is found or a dispute occurs If not resolved within the community, follow step 2 Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: Step 5: Step 6: Take to Maha Sabha or BOD Chair or Social Audit Committee Take to HUB leader Tel: 0* *********** Address: GemiDiriya Foundation, Which Road, Which Town, Which district, Sri Lanka Take to District leader Tel: 0* *********** **********@slnet.lk Address: GemiDiriya Foundation, Which Road, Which Town, Which district, Sri Lanka Take to Project Director Tel: batuwita@slnet.lk Address: GemiDiriya Foundation, 7A Reid Avenue, Colombo 7, Sri Lanka Take to World Bank mmunshi@worldbank.org Address: 1818 H St NW, Washington DC 20433, USA Allow 2 weeks for action, before step 3 85% cases expected to be resolved Allow 2 weeks for action before step 4 10% of cases may go up to this level Allow 1 week for action, before step 5 3% of cases may go this level Allow 1 week for action, before final step 6 2% cases Response will be provided Within 48 hours Exceptionally 0.5% cases

12 Social Accountability Methods in Gemidiriya Name of Social Accountability Method When Undertaken Suitability in Improving the Situation 1. Maha Sabha Once in 3 months High 2. Social Audit Committee Once in 1 month High 3. Village Information and Always Low Display Boards 4. Golden Rules Always High 5. Books and Records Always Low 6. Community When we want/ Very High Assessment Process once in a year

13 Points to Remember Facilitate a culture of good grassroots governance and responsibility Create spaces and standards for communities to participate in improving oversight and governance Benchmark and incentivize good governance behavior Leverage and scale up catalytic investments, by building effective governance and accountability architectures E-Governance - Web enabled MIS; Call centers; Biometric cards; ICT facilitated entitlements awareness campaigns Capacity building to create ethical capital for outcomes; cadre of community monitors/auditors Make governance interventions integral to core project outcomes Institutionalize transparency, democratize information Collect periodic feedback, act promptly and disseminate actions to reinforce community participation in implementation Triangulate through performance, transaction and social audits to change behavior

14 Thanks!!!