Equitable and sustainable Urban Transformation? The cases of Porto Alegre and Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Rebecca Neaera Abers University of Brasília

Transcription

1 Equitable and sustainable Urban Transformation? The cases of Porto Alegre and Belo Horizonte, Brazil Rebecca Neaera Abers University of Brasília

2 Brasília, June 2013 Source: conseguiram-seus-protestos-contra-o-bilionario-mane-garrincha-e-a-copa-do-mundo-ganharam-o-mundo-policia-tem-certeza-

3 How did Brazil get here? Some background 1980s: re-democratization, 1988: New Constitution. 1989: Direct presidential elections...

4 1990s: Neoliberalism and state retreat Progressive local governments, participatory experiments. Rise of the Workers Party

5 Porto Alegre and Belo Horizonte Two centers of urban innovation in the 1990s, focus on promoting better infrastructure and service provision for the poor Weakening of this focus in the 2000s, increased attention to large scale infrastructure Partly explained by the transformation of the Workers Party, its ascent to federal government, Increasing federal support for big government Weakening of progressive local political groups

6 Population 1950: 395, : 1.3 million 2016: 1.5 million 10th largest municipality in Brazil Metropolitan pop.: 4.5 mil HDI 2010: (Brazil, 2015: 0.754) Gini 2010: (Brazil, 2014: 0.515)

7 PORTO ALEGRE 1989: Workers Party implements first PB based on small scale Community infrastructure (regional forums) 1990: PB administration moved to central mayor s office 1993: New PT mayor expands PB with thematic forums

8 17 Budget Regions Open Regional and Thematic Assemblies Elect Regional and Thematic Delegate Forums (propotional to # of participants) Members of the Municipal Budget Council (2 for each region and theme)

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10 PB as a trigger for transformative change 1. Including the poor in decision-making 2. Transforming the decision-making process 3. Redistributing urban infrastructure and services provision 4. Building and democratizing civil society 5. Developing administrative capacities 6. Promoting Radical Democracy

11 MAYORS Olívio Dutra Tarso Genro Raúl Pont Tarso Genro João Verle José Fogaça (PPS/PMDB) José Fortunati (PDT) Nelson Marchezan Jr (PSDB) Creation of thematic forums PT wins Presidential Election 1st PAC World Cup

12 MAYORS Olívio Dutra Tarso Genro Raúl Pont Tarso João Genro Verle José Fogaça (PPS/PMDB) José Fortunati (PDT) Nelson Marchezan Jr (PSDB) Creation of thematic forums PT wins Presidential Election 1st PAC World Cup Stagnation of the PB Difficulty promoting broadbased participation for large scale projects

13 MAYORS Olívio Dutra Tarso Genro Raúl Pont Tarso João Genro Verle José Fogaça (PPS/PMDB) José Fortunati (PDT) Nelson Marchezan Jr (PSDB) Creation of thematic forums PT wins Presidential Election 1st PAC World Cup New governments formally maintain PB But lower priority

14 PB Demand Execution before and after to to 2016 Total number of demands included in Investment Plans % % Total demands completed % % Demands completed Demands completed by % Demands completed after % Pending demands 230 4% % Cancelled demands 131 2% 104 3% Source: Municipal Secretariat of Strategic Planning and Budgeting (SMPEO), Prefeitura de Porto Alegre, 2017

15 Year PB Investment plans as % of city budget All Capital investments as % of city budget

16 Population 1950: 352, : 2.02 million 2010: 2.4 million 6th largest municipality In Brazil Metropolitan pop. : 5.9 million HDI 2010: (Brazil, 2015: 0.754) Gini 2010:

17 The Urban Reform Movement Against favela removal Integrated planning urbanization, economic development, housing Empowered participation in planning process Social use of urban land 2000: Statute of the City

18 BELO HORIZONTE 1984: Profavela program 1993: Workers Party elected Participatory Budget Alvorada Program 1996: Housing PB 1997: Global Strategic Plans (prior to PB investments in favelas) 2000: Quality of Life Index for distributing PB funds 2004: Vila Viva Program 2005: Green Line highway and other mega-projects

19 MAYORS Patrus Ananias Célio de Castro (PSB) Fernando Pimentel Marcio Lacerda (PSB) Alexandre Kalil (PHS) PT wins Presidential Election 1st PAC MCMV Federal Housing program Pimentel heads federal ministry World Cup Pimentel elected governor

20 MAYORS Patrus Ananias Célio de Castro (PSB) Fernando Pimentel Marcio Lacerda (PSB) Alexandre Kalil (PHS) PT wins Presidential Election PB becomes more technocratic 1st PAC MCMV Federal Housing program Pimentel in heads federal ministry World Cup Pimentel elected governor

21 MAYORS Patrus Ananias Célio de Castro (PSB) Fernando Pimentel Marcio Lacerda (PSB) 2014 Alexandre Kalil (PHS) PT wins Presidential Election World Cup Increasing interest in mega projects and Infrastructure intensive approaches

22 Vila Viva program Increasing emphasis on big infrastructure Housing programs badly adapted to the needs of the poor Participation increasingly fragile

23 Serra do Aglomerado

24 MAYORS Patrus Ananias Célio de Castro (PSB) Fernando Pimentel Marcio Lacerda (PSB) Alexandre Kalil (PHS) Rise of land occupations and right to The city movements

25 res_avanzados/lucas/ /dandara.jpg

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