Influence of ecosystem conditions on permafrost temperature dynamics of the lower Kolyma region
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1 Influence of ecosystem conditions on permafrost temperature dynamics of the lower Kolyma region Alexander Kholodov 1, Susan Natali 2, Valentin V Spektor 3, Sergey Davydov 4,SergeiA Zimov 4, Varvara Andreeva 3,5 1. Geophysical Institute UAF 2. Woods Hole Research Center 3. Melnikov Permafrost Institute RAS 4. North-East Science Station Pacific Institute of Geography RAS 5North-East 5. Federal University
2 CAR YCLE BONCYC FRESH WATE TER BALANCE ACTIVE LAYER ATHMOSPHERE PERMAFROST ATECHANGE CLIMAT
3 The resilience and vulnerability of permafrost to climate change depends on complex interactions among topography, water, soil, vegetation, and snow, which allow permafrost to persist at mean annual air temperatures (MAATs) as high as +2 o C and degrade at MAATs as low as 20 o C. (Jorgenson et al., 2010) Schematic of common covarying ecosystem components across boreal y g y p ecosystems in central Alaska.
4 SCHEME OF PERMAFROST LANDSCAPE INTERACTIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF A CHANGING CLIMATE.
5 DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF VEGETATION ON GROUND THERMAL DYNAMICS
6 AN EXAMPLE OF SNOW REDISTRIBUTION DUE TO TUSSOCKY MICROTOPOGRAPHY
7 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF UNFROZEN SOIL FROM IN THE INVESTIGATED AREA Mineral soil Organic soil Left panel: Conductivity of organic (5-10 cm) soil was lower than mineral (20-40 cm). Right panel: The positive relationship between bulk density (low in organic soil) and thermal conductivity
8 MAP OF INVESTIGATED AREA, BOREHOLES LOCATION AND RECENT PERMAFROST TEMPERATURE
9 GOALS Develop approach for sampling ecological variables alongside permafrost temperature monitoring Determine and quantify key parameters of ecosystem most important for thermal state of permafrost Estimate influence of vegetation and soil parameters on the thermal state t of permafrost at the lower Kolyma region
10 DRILLING
11 TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS Data logger HOBO U-12 with termistors TMC-HD. The set allow to do measurements with resolution o C and accuracy 0.02 o C
12 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENTS Thermal conductivity of soil was measured using the single probe needle sensor. A needle probe inserted horizontally into the soil was heated during 2 minutes and rate of temperature changes was measured. Thermal conductivity was calculated based on the temperature increasing rate
13 TERRESTRIAL SURVEY TREES Woody debris; Canopy cover; Larch biomass; Snag biomass and density; Trees per m 2 UNDERSTORY Live biomass; Overstory deciduous cover; Understory shrub cover; Moss & lichens cover; Herb cover SOIL Thaw depth; Organic layer depth; C pool in upper 10 and 20 cm Carbon content; Soil bulk density and moisture
14 OMOLON RIVER MOUTH Terrestrial survey was not conducted dyet
15 OMOLON RIVER MOUTH MAGT at the 25 m depth (2012) 4.2 o C Positive trend, o C/year /6/2007 8/5/2008 8/5/2009 8/5/2010 8/5/2011 8/4/ m 15 m 25 m
16 DUVANNY YAR Terrestrial survey was conducted in 2012 Organic C pool, C pool, Mineral OS bulk MS MS Understory Overstory Understory Moss, Lichen, Layer 10 cm 20 cm soil density bulk moisture live biomass deciduous Shrub, % % depth (cm) (g/m 2 ) (g/m 2 ) (MS) % (g/cm 3 ) carbon density (g/cm 3 ) GWC (g/m 2 ) % Cover % Cover Cover Cover nd nd
17 DUVANNY YAR MAGT at the 25 m depth (2012) 6.1 o C Positive trend, o C/year /6/2007 8/5/2008 8/5/2009 8/5/2010 8/5/2011 8/4/ m 15 m 25 m
18 AMBOLIHA Terrestrial survey was conducted in 2012 Organic C pool, 10 C pool, Mineral OS bulk lkms bulk MS Understory Overstory Understory Moss, Lichen, Layer cm 20 cm soil (MS) density density moisture live biomass deciduous Shrub, % % depth (g/m 2 ) (g/m 2 ) % (g/cm 3 ) (g/cm 3 ) GWC (g/m 2 ) % Cover % Cover Cover Cover (cm) carbon nd
19 AMBOLIHA MAGT at the 21 m depth (2012) 5.6 o C Positive trend, o C/year /6/2007 8/5/2008 8/5/2009 8/5/2010 8/5/2011 8/4/ m 14 m m
20 PLEISTOCENE PARK Terrestrial survey was conducted in 2012 Organic C pool, 10 C pool, Mineral OS bulkms bulk MS Understory live Overstory Understory Moss, Lichen, Layer cm 20 cm soil (MS) density density moisture biomass deciduous Shrub, % % depth (cm) (g/m 2 ) (g/m 2 ) % carbon (g/cm 3 ) (g/cm 3 ) GWC (g/m 2 ) % Cover % Cover Cover Cover nd Ground temperature at the 13.5 m depth h(2012) C o Borehole was drilled d in 2012
21 SHUCHE LAKE Terrestrial survey was conducted in 2012 Organic C pool, 10 C pool, Mineral OS bulk MS bulk MS Understory live Overstory Understory Moss, Lichen, Layer cm 20 cm soil (MS) density density moisture biomass deciduous Shrub, % % depth (cm) (g/m 2 ) (g/m 2 ) % carbon (g/cm 3 ) (g/cm 3 ) GWC (g/m 2 ) % Cover % Cover Cover Cover Ground temperature at the 13.5 m depth h(2012) C!!! o Borehole was drilled d in 2012
22 CORRELATION OF PERMAFROST TEMPERATURE AND SOIL PARAMETERS o C Permafrost temperature, o Carbon pool in upper 10 cm, g/m Permafro ost temperature e, o C Carbon pool in upper 20 cm, g/m , o C Permafro ost temperature, Carbon content in mineral soil, % Permafr rost temperatur re, o C Mineral soil bulk density, (g/cm3)
23 CORRELATION OF PERMAFROST TEMPERATURE AND UNDERSTORY PARAMETERS Overstory deciduous cover, % Permafrost temp perature, o C Per rmafrost temper rature, o C Understory shrub cover, %
24 1400 Alnus 1200 Betula Oversto ory shrubs bio omass, g/m Salix 0 Amboliha Pleistocene Park Shuche lake Duvanny Yar Floodplain Boreal forest
25 CONCLUSIONS Temperature of permafrost existing in the same climatic zone can be up to 4 o C different in different ecosystems in the investigated area. Most important factors affecting permafrost temperature are organic layer thickness, TOC in active layer soil, soil bulk density and type and density of understory vegetation. Increasing of organic content in active layer reduces permafrost temperature and climate impact on its dynamics. Shrubs influence on permafrost temperature depends on species, so it can work different in different ecosystems Based on the current research we would strongly recommend to take in consideration climate induced ecosystem shift (i.e. changes of vegetation structure, increasing of bioproductivity and soil organic carbon accumulation) when doing long-term permafrost dynamics modeling and forecasts.
26 AKNOWLEDGEMENTS RFBR and CRDF (RUG PU 10)
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