Berkeley Climate Action Plan: Tracking our Progress Building Energy Use Community-wide Greenhouse Gas Trend

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1 Item 9 May 28, 214 Berkeley Climate Action Plan: Tracking our Progress Building Energy Use Community-wide Greenhouse Gas Trend Goal: Reduce conventional energy use and the associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Berkeley homes, businesses and institutions through high-quality energy efficiency upgrades and increased reliance on renewable energy sources such as solar. Performance metric: Annual GHG emissions associated with energy use in buildings (excluding energy consumed in buildings on the campuses of UC Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) Target: Achieve a 33% (2% per year) reduction below 2 levels by 22 in the community-wide GHG emissions associated with energy use in buildings. Status: The GHG emissions resulting from energy consumption in Berkeley s homes, businesses and institutions decreased approximately 12% between 2 and 212. This represents a 23% reduction below Berkeley s forecasted business-as-usual scenario, meaning a modeled scenario in which the community is not taking action to reduce local emissions and emissions grow annually by a growth factor based on population (see chart below). The 23% reduction below forecasted business-as-usual levels represents the aggregated emissions reduction benefit in Berkeley of actions taken at all levels of society, including households, businesses and other organizations, and government. In the absence of these actions, such as increased energy efficiency in homes and businesses, Berkeley s building energy use-related emissions would be much higher than they are today. Driving this trend are significant reductions in consumption of residential electricity, residential natural gas, and commercial electricity. Commercial natural gas consumption increased approximately 17% since 2. Also affecting the GHG emissions associated with building energy use is the rate of GHGs produced per unit of electricity consumed. Due to changes in the mix of energy used to produce electricity, the GHG emissions produced per KWh of electricity consumed is 21% lower in 212 than in 2. 5, GHG Emissions - CO 2 e Residential, Commercial & Municipal Buildings Combined Metric Tons CO 2 e 4, 3, 2, 1, Electricity Natural Gas Target Business As Usual The largest source of building energy userelated GHG emissions is natural gas consumption, which accounts for 64% of building-related GHG emissions. The main sources of natural gas consumption are space and water heating. Electricity consumption accounts for about 35% of total building energy use-related GHG emissions. 212 GHG Emissions - CO 2 e.5% 11% Residential - Electricity Commercial - Electricity 3% 23% Municipal - Electricity Residential - Natural Gas 34% Commercial - Natural Gas 1% Municipal - Natural Gas

2 The building energy use-related GHG emissions trend is affected not only by how much energy is consumed, but also by the mix of energy sources used to produce electricity. In 212, approximately 19% of PG&E s electrical generation came from eligible renewable energy sources (e.g., wind, geothermal, biomass). Large Hydroelectric 11% Nuclear 21% PG&E 212 Power Mix (Sources of Electricity Generation) Unspecified Sources 21% Natural Gas 27% Eligible Renewables 19% Small Hydroelectric 13% Wind 3% Biomass and Waste 23% Geothermal 26% Solar 8% Under California law (Renewable Portfolio Standard), all electricity retailers are required to increase procurement of eligible renewable energy resources to 2% of total procurement by 213, 25% by 216, and 33% by 22. PG&E s electricity mix of 19% from eligible renewable sources in 212 is a significant increase over the 14% in 29 and 9% in 23. This shift is reflected in the chart below. Percentage of Total Electricity Production 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% % PG&E Electricity Sources and CO2 Emission Impacts Pounds of CO2 per kwh Natural Gas Coal Nuclear Large Hydroelectric Eligible Renewable Unspecified Sources conv factor - metric tons of CO2 per MWH

3 Why is this metric important? GHG emissions resulting from energy consumption in Berkeley are a significant source of Berkeley s carbon footprint. Actions to reduce energy consumption not only reduce emissions, but also have the potential to save businesses, residents, and government money, improve building comfort, and put local energy service providers to work. Resources and assistance for community members: Adopted by the City of Berkeley in 1987, RECO requires that every home or apartment building sold or transferred in Berkeley or undergoing renovations valued at $5, or more must meet a basic set of energy and water efficiency requirements. Commercial Energy Conservation Ordinance: Adopted by the City of Berkeley in 1994, CECO requires commercial property owners to complete certain energy conservation measures in their buildings upon transfer of property ownership or when additions or renovations are made. Bay Area Green Business Program: Businesses receive advice, recognition and technical assistance at no cost from Green Business Program coordinators and their public agency/utility partners. SmartLights: SmartLights offers businesses free, independent, start-to-finish technical assistance and instant rebates to help defray the cost of upgrading and/or repairing existing equipment. SmartSolar: Smart Solar is a free, independent service for East Bay residents and businesses offering energy education and site-specific project advice to help advance uptake of solar installations. Berkeley Solar Map: The Berkeley Solar Map is an interactive tool for viewing the locations of existing solar installations in Berkeley. In addition, it allows users to calculate the benefits of going solar by determining the potential size and cost for solar electric and hot water systems on any rooftop within the City of Berkeley. Income-qualified programs: The City and its partners offer a range of services that provide free or low-cost energy-saving measures designed to improve home comfort and lower utility bills. California Youth Energy Services: A summer program staffed by local youth, CYES provides free energy and water efficiency services to the community. Energy Upgrade California: Energy Upgrade California is a statewide one-stop-shop for home improvement projects that lower your energy use, conserve water and natural resources, and make your home healthier and more comfortable. Data sources and technical notes: Energy consumption data and sources of electricity generation data are provided by PG&E, with the exception of the electricity emission factors for years 2-22 which were provided by ICLEI. Building energy use data do not include energy consumed in buildings on the campuses of UC Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Population data used to model Berkeley s business-as-usual emissions forecast were obtained from Building Momentum: Projections and Priorities 29, published by ABAG in August 29. Tracking our progress: Review Climate Action Plan performance metrics at

4 Berkeley Climate Action Plan: Tracking our Progress Building Energy Use Residential Goal: Enhance energy services & standards and encourage energy upgrades for existing residential properties Performance metrics: Annual residential electricity and natural gas consumption and associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions Target: Achieve a 33% (2% per year) reduction below 2 levels in residential energy use and associated GHG emissions by 22. Status: While the number of households in Berkeley increased approximately 2.3% between 2 and 212, total residential sector energy consumption (electricity and natural gas combined) decreased 13% in that same time period. As of 212, the GHG emissions associated with residential energy consumption are 19% below 2 levels and 28% below Berkeley s forecasted business-as-usual scenario, meaning a modeled scenario in which the community is not taking action to reduce local emissions and emissions grow annually by a growth factor based on population (see chart below). As of 212, residential GHG emissions are only 1% higher than the levels targeted in the Climate Action Plan. A reduction of just under 171,8 MWh (electricity and natural gas combined) is required to achieve the community s 22 target for residential GHG emissions. GHG emissions metric tons CO2e 25, 2, 15, 1, 5, Annual Residential Building Energy GHG Emissions (CO2e) Actual GHG - Natural Gas Actual GHG - Electricity GHG - Business As Usual GHG Target Average energy consumption per household in 212 was approximately 16,5 KWh (electricity and natural gas combined), which represents a 15% decrease from average household consumption in 2. Energy Consumtion in KWh / Number of Hoseholds 2, 19,5 19, 18,5 18, 17,5 17, 16,5 16, 15,5 15, 14,5 Annual Residential Energy Consumption Per Household (in KwH) Energy Consumption per Household Number of Households 5, 45, 4, 35, 3, 25, 2, Number of Households

5 Natural gas accounts for over 8% of total residential energy consumption. The main sources of residential natural gas consumption are water heating and space heating. Residential natural gas consumption decreased 14% between 2 and 212. Residential electricity consumption decreased 1% in that same time period. Residential energy consumption accounts for approximately 45% of the GHG emissions associated with energy consumption in buildings in Berkeley. 212 Residential Energy Consumption 212 GHG Emissions - CO 2 e Electricity & Natural Gas combined 1% 82% 24% Electricity Natural Gas 53% 45% Residential Commercial Municipal Why is this metric important? According to the City of Berkeley s 212 inventory of community-wide GHG emissions, residential energy consumption accounts for nearly half of community-wide emissions. It is a significant source of Berkeley s carbon footprint. Actions to reduce residential energy consumption not only reduce emissions, but also have the potential to save residents money, improve home comfort, and put local energy service providers to work. Resources and assistance for community members: Residential Energy Conservation Ordinance: Adopted by the City of Berkeley in 1987, RECO requires that every home or apartment building sold or transferred in Berkeley or undergoing renovations valued at $5, or more must meet a basic set of energy and water efficiency requirements. Income-qualified programs: The City and its partners offer a range of services that provide free or low-cost energy-saving measures designed to improve home comfort and lower utility bills. SmartSolar: Smart Solar is a free, independent service for East Bay residents and businesses offering energy education and site-specific project advice to help advance uptake of solar installations. Berkeley Solar Map: The Berkeley Solar Map is an interactive tool for viewing the locations of existing solar installations in Berkeley. In addition, it allows users to calculate the benefits of going solar by determining the potential size and cost for solar electric and hot water systems on any rooftop within the City of Berkeley. California Youth Energy Services: A summer program staffed by local youth, CYES provides free energy and water efficiency services to the community. Energy Upgrade California: Energy Upgrade California is a statewide one-stop-shop for home improvement projects that lower your energy use, conserve water and natural resources, and make your home healthier and more comfortable. Data sources and technical notes: Electricity and natural gas data and coefficients for converting energy consumption into GHG emissions are provided by PG&E. Household estimates are provided by the U.S. Census Bureau for the years 2 and 21. Household estimates for are a straight-line estimate based on 2 and 21 Census numbers. Annual energy consumption per household is computed as the ratio of total annual energy consumption to the number of Berkeley households. Tracking our progress: Review Climate Action Plan performance metrics at

6 Berkeley Climate Action Plan: Tracking our Progress Building Energy Use Commercial Goal: Enhance energy services & standards and encourage energy upgrades for existing commercial properties Performance metrics: Annual commercial electricity and natural gas consumption and associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions Target: Achieve a 33% (2% per year) reduction below 2 levels in commercial energy use and associated GHG emissions by 22. Consistent with Berkeley s Climate Action Plan, this target must be achieved through efficiencies and renewable energy sources that contribute to the health and vitality of the local business community. Status: Commercial electricity consumption decreased 7% between 2 and 212; commercial natural gas consumption increased 17% in that same time period. Because of the decrease in commercial electricity consumption and changes to the mix of energy sources used to produce the electricity we consume, the total GHG emissions associated with commercial energy consumption decreased significantly since 27. As of 212, the GHG emissions associated with commercial energy consumption are 7% below 2 levels and 18% below Berkeley s forecasted business-as-usual scenario, meaning a modeled scenario in which the community is not taking action to reduce local emissions and emissions grow annually by a growth factor based on population (see chart below). A reduction of over 32, MWh (electricity and natural gas combined) is required to achieve the community s 22 target for commercial GHG emissions. GHG emissions metric tons - CO2e 25, 2, 15, 1, 5, Annual Commercial Building Energy GHG Emissions - CO2e Actual GHG - Natural Gas Actual GHG - Electricity Target Business As Usual 212 Commercial Energy Consumption Natural gas accounts for 59% of total commercial energy consumption. The main sources of commercial natural gas consumption are water heating and space heating. 59% 41% Electricity Natural Gas

7 Commercial energy consumption accounts for approximately 52% of the GHG emissions associated with energy consumption in buildings in Berkeley. 212 GHG Emissions - CO 2 e Electricity & Natural Gas combined 1% 53% 45% Residential Commercial Municipal Why is this metric important? GHG emissions resulting from energy consumption in Berkeley s commercial sector are a significant source of Berkeley s carbon footprint. Actions to reduce commercial energy consumption not only reduce emissions, but also have the potential to save businesses money, improve building comfort, and put local energy service providers to work. Resources and assistance for businesses: Commercial Energy Conservation Ordinance: Adopted by the City of Berkeley in 1994, CECO requires commercial property owners to complete certain energy conservation measures in their buildings upon transfer of property ownership or when additions or renovations are made. SmartLights: SmartLights offers businesses free, independent, start-to-finish technical assistance and instant rebates to help defray the cost of upgrading and/or repairing existing equipment. Bay Area Green Business Program: Businesses receive advice, recognition and technical assistance at no cost from Green Business Program coordinators and their public agency/utility partners. SmartSolar: Smart Solar is a free, independent service for East Bay residents and businesses offering energy education and site-specific project advice to help advance uptake of solar installations. Berkeley Solar Map: The Berkeley Solar Map is an interactive tool for viewing the locations of existing solar installations in Berkeley. In addition, it allows users to calculate the benefits of going solar by determining the potential size and cost for solar electric and hot water systems on any rooftop within the City of Berkeley. Data sources and technical notes: Electricity and natural gas data and coefficients for converting energy consumption into GHG emissions are provided by PG&E. Building energy use data do not include energy consumed in buildings on the campuses of UC Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Tracking our progress: Review Climate Action Plan performance metrics at

8 Berkeley Climate Action Plan: Tracking our Progress Building Energy Use - Municipal Goal: Increase energy efficiency and renewable energy use in public buildings Performance metric: Annual municipal energy (electricity and natural gas) consumption Target: Achieve a 33% (2% per year) reduction below 2 levels in municipal energy use and associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 22. Status: City government facilities are more energy efficient in 212 than they were in 2. Due to ongoing energy upgrades, energy consumption (electricity and natural gas) decreased from approximately 23 KWh per square foot in 2 to 2 KWh per square foot in 212, representing a 12% decrease in consumption per square foot. i Electricity and Natural Gas Consumption ,3, 1,2, 1,1, 1,, 9, 8, 7, 6, However, total energy consumption (electricity and natural gas) in City 1 5, government buildings Series1 KWh/sq ft increased 11% between Series2 Square ft 2 and 212, mainly due to a 26% increase in total building square footage. Natural gas use increased 6% and electricity use increased 13% in that timeframe. Total municipal energy consumption decreased 1% between 211 and 212, but this trend is affected by the temporary closure of two branch libraries for renovations for much of the year. Electricity and Natural Gas Consumption (MWh) 3, 25, 2, 15, 1, 5, Annual Municipal Energy Consumption (in MWh) Annual Municipal Energy Use Intensity (Consumption Per Square Foot) Actual - Natural Gas Actual - Electricity Target Business As Usual Increasing Building Area Total Municipal Building Square Footage Current total municipal building energy consumption levels are not in line with targeted reductions. A 32% reduction from current annual energy consumption levels is required in order to achieve the 22 target. As is illustrated in the graph below (next page), municipal building GHG emissions are 2% below baseline levels but 22% higher than targeted reduction levels as of 212. City of Berkeley, Office of Energy & Sustainable Development Sept-13

9 GHG emissions metric tons - CO2e 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, Annual Municipal GHG Emissions - CO2e Actual GHG - Natural Gas Actual GHG - Electricity Target Business As Usual The City has several efforts underway to achieve deep and sustained reductions in municipal energy use. For example, in 212 the City installed 75 light emitting diode (LED) streetlights at the Berkeley Marina. These lights provide better visibility and cut energy use and costs in half. With streetlights making up over 3% of the City government s electricity load, the City plans to upgrade all 7,6 of its streetlights. The City also recently upgraded both the lighting and controls at the Center Street Garage, resulting in a reduction of approximately 5,55 KWh per month and a net savings of nearly $3, per year, despite the addition of electronic gates and ticket machines. These and other upgrades to building systems, lighting and HVAC controls result in annual utility bill savings of approximately $375,. In addition to energy efficiency measures, the City uses renewable energy to offset energy consumption, including solar photovoltaic systems at the City s Corporation Yard on Allston St. and on the Shorebird Park Nature Center at the marina. The City also installed a solar hot water system to offset natural gas consumption at the West Campus Swimming Pool for the showers, and the Shorebird Park Nature Center, where it provides space heating as well as hot water. Why is this metric important? This indicator illustrates the annual trend of electricity and natural gas consumption in City government buildings. This trend is particularly important to track because the City is committed to playing a leadership role in the effort to achieve Berkeley s GHG reduction targets. Resources and assistance for community members: Visit the Office of Energy & Sustainable Development website to learn more about City government efforts to reduce the GHG emissions that result from energy use in City-owned buildings. Data sources and technical notes: Annual energy use data and emissions coefficients are provided by PG&E. Square footage information is obtained from City records. The baseline (year 2) for the data for this indicator is an average consumption levels. Facilities include streetlights, traffic signals, buildings, pools, etc. Facilities no longer operated by the City have been removed from the baseline. Tracking our progress: Review Climate Action Plan performance metrics at i Energy use from irrigation pumps, marina lighting, streetlights and traffic signals is included but there is no square footage associated with these major uses. City of Berkeley, Office of Energy & Sustainable Development Sept-13

10 Berkeley Climate Action Plan: Tracking our Progress Building Energy Use Solar PV Goal: Increase residential and commercial renewable energy use Performance metric: Annual solar photovoltaic (PV) installations Target: Achieve a cumulative total of 3,2 solar PV systems installed between 2 and 22 at an average system size of 3.75 kw. This target translates to an estimated 19 Gigawatt Hours (GWh) of clean solar electricity produced in Berkeley annually by 22. The cumulative annual energy bill savings would be an estimated $2.5 million (at current electricity prices) by 22. Annual greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions due to solar PV would be an estimated 9,7 tons. Status: 1253 solar PV systems were installed between 2 and 213. The City is currently at 39% of its 22 target of 3,2 installations. Annual utility bill savings from PV installations to date are approximately $1,142,. These installations have a cumulative capacity of 5,347 kw and produce 8.8 million KWh of electricity per year. Existing solar PV installations offset over 4,3 metric tons of GHG emissions annually. According to a 29 NorCal Solar report, on a per capita basis, Berkeley has the highest number of solar PV installations of any large city in northern California. Number of solar PV installations Cumulative Annual Solar PV Installations 35 3 Actual 25 Target Why is this metric important? Because increased renewable energy use is an important component of achieving our climate action goals, it is important to monitor solar PV installations over time. Monitoring and reporting on this metric helps the community to gauge the efficacy of services designed to increase solar PV uptake. The City also tracks metrics such as cumulative GHG reductions from solar PV, cumulative utility bill savings from solar PV and annual kw of solar PV installed. Resources and assistance for community members SmartSolar ( Provides free, independent energy education and sitespecific project advice to help Berkeley residents and businesses go solar. Berkeley Solar Map ( An interactive tool for viewing locations of existing solar installations in Berkeley. It also allows one to calculate the benefits of going solar by determining the potential size and cost for solar PV or solar thermal on any rooftop within the City of Berkeley. Data sources and technical notes Solar installation data is provided by PG&E. Tracking our progress: Review Climate Action Plan performance metrics at