FEBRUARY 2017 VOLUME 32 NUMBER 1 ITPDE5 (ISSN )

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FEBRUARY 2017 VOLUME 32 NUMBER 1 ITPDE5 (ISSN 0885-8977) SPECIAL SECTION ON PROTECTION AND REAL-TIME MONITORING OF TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBU- TION SYSTEMS WITH HIGH PENETRATION OF DISTRIBUTED

1 FEBRUARY 2017 VOLUME 32 NUMBER 1 ITPDE5 (ISSN ) SPECIAL SECTION ON PROTECTION AND REAL-TIME MONITORING OF TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBU- TION SYSTEMS WITH HIGH PENETRATION OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION MICROGRIDS GUEST EDITORIAL Special Section on Protection and Real-Time Monitoring of Transmission and Distribution Systems with High Penetration of Distributed Generation and Microgrids...J. R. Agüero 333 SPECIAL SECTION PAPERS Dynamic Line Rating Using Numerical Weather Predictions and Machine Learning: A Case Study J.L.AznarteandN.Siebert 335 Protection Coordination Index Enhancement Considering Multiple DG Locations Using FCL L.Huchel,H.H.Zeineldin,andE.F.El-Saadany 344 Protection of Autonomous Microgrids Using Agent-Based Distributed Communication M.H.Cintuglu,T.Ma,andO.A.Mohammed 351 Highlighting the Importance of Chronology on Voltage Protection and Control in Active Distribution Networks G.N.Taranto,T.M.L.Assis,D.M.Falcao, and R. C. de Carvalho 361 A New Centralized Adaptive Underfrequency Load Shedding Controller for Microgrids Based on a Distribution State Estimator...M. Karimi, P. Wall, H. Mokhlis, and V. Terzija 370 Fault Detection and Faulted Line Identification in Active Distribution Networks Using Synchrophasors-Based Real-Time StateEstimation...M. Pignati, L. Zanni, P. Romano, R. Cherkaoui, and M. Paolone 381 Hardware-In-the-Loop Design and Optimal Setting of Adaptive Protection Schemes for Distribution Systems With Distributed Generation......V. A. Papaspiliotopoulos, G. N. Korres, V. A. Kleftakis, and N. D. Hatziargyriou 393 An Anti-Islanding Protection Method Based on Reactive Power Injection and ROCOF......O.Raipala,A.S.Makinen, S. Repo, and P. Jarventausta 401 An Adaptive Protection Scheme for Distribution Systems With DGs Based on Optimized Thevenin Equivalent Parameters Estimation...S. Shen, D. Lin, H. Wang, P. Hu, K. Jiang, D. Lin, and B. He 411 Active ROCOF Relay for Islanding Detection.....P. Gupta, R. S. Bhatia, and D. K. Jain 420 CentralizedProtectionStrategyforMediumVoltageDCMicrogrids......M.Monadi, C. Gavriluta, A. Luna, J. I. Candela, and P. Rodriguez 430 (Contents Continued on Page 332)

2 (Contents Continued from Page 331) A Comprehensive Digital Protection Scheme for Low-Voltage Microgrids with Inverter-Based and Conventional Distributed Generations....S. F. Zarei and M. Parniani 441 Fault Models of Inverter-Interfaced Distributed Generators Within a Low-Voltage Microgrid W.-M.Guo,L.-H.Mu,andX.Zhang 453 Overcurrent Protection in Distribution Systems With Distributed Generation Based on the Real-Time Boundary Wavelet Transform...F. B. Costa, A. Monti, and S. C. Paiva 462 Synchronous DG Planning for Simultaneous Improvement of Technical, Overcurrent, and Timely Anti-Islanding Protection Indices of the Network to Preserve Protection Coordination S. Khanbabapour and M. E. H. Golshan 474 PMU-Based Detection of Voltage Imbalances with Tolerance Constraints... T. Routtenberg, R. Concepcion, and L. Tong 484 Multilayered Protection Strategy for Developing Community Microgrids in Village Distribution Systems C.Yuan, K. Lai, M. S. Illindala, M. A. Haj-Ahmed, and A. S. Khalsa 495 Effective Real-Time Operation and Protection Scheme of Microgrids Using Distributed Dynamic State Estimation S.ChoiandA.P.S.Meliopoulos 504 Improved Load-Shedding Scheme Considering Distributed Generation K.Das,A.Nitsas,M.Altin, A. D. Hansen, and P. E. Sorensen 515 Challenges of PV Integration in Low-Voltage Secondary Networks...P. Mohammadi and S. Mehraeen 525 A Multiagent System-Based Protection and Control Scheme for Distribution System With Distributed-Generation Integration...Z. Liu, C. Su, H. K. Hoidalen, and Z. Chen 536 Real-Time Reduced Steady-State Model Synthesis of Active Distribution Networks Using PMU Measurements F.Mahmood, H. Hooshyar, J. Lavenius, P. Lund, and L. Vanfretti 546 Reliability Assessment of Protective Relays in Harmonic-Polluted Power Systems J.Jedrzejczak,G.J.Anders, M. Fotuhi-Firuzabad, H. Farzin, and F. Aminifar 556 Principle and Implementation of Current Differential Protection in Distribution Networks With High Penetration of DGs...H.Gao,J.Li,andB.Xu 565 Special Protection Systems: Challenges in the Chilean Market in the Face of the Massive Integration of Solar Energy......F.Valencia, R. Palma-Behnke, D. Ortiz-Villalba, A. D. L. Quintana, C. Rahmann, and R. Cifuentes 575

3 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY, VOL. 32, NO. 1, FEBRUARY Guest Editorial Special Section on Protection and Real-Time Monitoring of Transmission and Distribution Systems with High Penetration of Distributed Generation and Microgrids ECONOMIC, political, environmental, societal and technical factors have encouraged the proliferation of Distributed Energy Resources (DER), particularly Distributed Generation (DG), in transmission and distribution (T&D) systems. DG proliferation is already a reality in numerous markets around the world and can impact several aspects of T&D planning, operations, engineering, analysis, policy and regulation. The industry is actively engaged in evaluating the severity of those impacts on existing T&D grids and developing solutions to ensure seamless integration. The growing interest and increasing penetration levels of DG, particularly of renewable generation technologies such as photovoltaics, and the emergence of energy storage, have also spurred attention to revisiting the microgrid concept as a solution to effectively manage, integrate, and benefit from variable DG. This involves additional monitoring, protection, automation, and control challenges. Finally, it is expected that penetration levels of DG will continue growing, given the favorable business, regulatory and policy landscape, decreasing technology prices, and evolving end-user expectations (including the emergence of the prosumer). Widespread adoption of DG will increase the complexity of the T&D grid, accentuating the need for reliable real-time operations and control, and triggering additional engineering issues. In this context, one of the key topics that the industry needs to address is the development of new solutions for protection and real-time monitoring of T&D systems with high penetration of DG and microgrids. This Special Section focuses on exploring methodologies and applications that address the challenges and needs associated with this new paradigm. We received numerous high quality submissions, conducted a careful review process and finally accepted 25 papers. The selected articles include authors from the Americas, Europe, and Asia, and provide readers with a variety of perspectives and approaches to address the challenges posed by DG proliferation and microgrids. The technical areas covered by the selected papers encompass different aspects of protection and real-time monitoring of T&D grids, including design, coordination, reliability, and testing of protection methods, fault detection and modeling, signal processing, dynamic line rating, state estimation, and applications of synchrophasors. These proposals cover a heterogeneous set of problems, from analyses of high-voltage transmission systems to specific studies of low-voltage microgrids. It is our expectation that they help generate further discussions and contributions from subject matter experts, and motivate new generations of researchers to actively participate in this rapidly growing and increasingly complex field. I would like to thank Prof. Wilsun Xu, Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY, for the opportunity to lead this initiative and for his instrumental support throughout this process. I would also like to thank Ms. Cheryl Koster, Administrator of the IEEE Power & Energy Society Publications, for her diligent and outstanding administrative support. I would like to express my gratitude to the Guest Editorial Board: Prof. Walmir Freitas, Mrs. Solveig Ward, Dr. Babak Enayati, Prof. Amin Khodaei, Mr. Fred Friend, Mr. Robert Uluski, and Dr. Bartosz Wojszczyk for their valuable assistance. On behalf of the Guest Editorial Board our recognition goes to the reviewers for their priceless time and hard work evaluating the submitted papers and providing insightful recommendations to the authors. Our objective is that this Special Section serves as a reference for the development of solutions for protection and real-time monitoring of modern and future T&D systems. JULIO ROMERO AGÜERO, Guest-Editor-in-Chief Quanta Technology, LLC. Houston, TX USA julio@quanta-technology.com Digital Object Identifier /TPWRD IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission. See standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.

4 334 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY, VOL. 32, NO. 1, FEBRUARY 2017 Julio Romero Agüero (S 00 M 05 SM 06) is the Vice President, Strategy & Business Innovation at Quanta Technology, Houston, TX, USA. His research interests include grid modernization, technology strategy, smart grid, planning, reliability, operations, and analysis of power distribution systems, and integration of distributed energy resources, and emerging technologies. Dr. Romero Agüero is the Chair of the IEEE Distribution Subcommittee and the IEEE Working Group Distributed Resources Integration, an Editor of the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY and the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID, and member of the Advisory Committee of DistribuTECH. He is an associate member of the Graduate Faculty, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC, USA.

5 CALL FOR PAPERS IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY Special Issue on Protection and Real-Time Monitoring of Transmission and Distribution Systems with High Penetration of Distributed Generation and Microgrids Economic, political, environmental, societal and technical factors have encouraged the proliferation of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) particularly Distributed Generation (DG) in transmission and distribution (T&D) systems. DG proliferation can impact numerous aspects of T&D planning, operations, engineering, analysis, policy and regulation. The industry is actively engaged in evaluating the severity of those impacts on the existing T&D grid and developing solutions to ensure seamless integration. The growing interest and increasing penetration levels of DG, particularly of renewable generation technologies, such as photovoltaics, have also spurred revisiting the microgrid concept as a solution to effectively manage and integrate variable DG along with other DER technologies. Consequently, these factors have also contributed to the emergence of new concerns and challenges. Furthermore, it is expected that penetration levels of DG will continue growing, increasing the complexity of the T&D grid, accentuating the need for reliable real-time operations and control, and triggering additional engineering issues. In this context, one of the key topics that the industry needs to address is the development of new methodologies and solutions for protection and real-time monitoring of T&D systems with high penetration of DG and microgrids. The objective of this special issue is to address, discuss, and present novel applications of protection and monitoring methodologies and solutions for T&D systems with high penetration of DG and microgrids, including but not limited to: Novel applications of protection systems, methodologies and technologies such as adaptive protection, overcurrent, distance and directional protection, single-phase tripping, pulse reclosing, etc for improving reliability and power quality of T&D systems with high penetration of conventional and renewable DG and microgrids Novel applications of monitoring systems, methodologies and technologies such as Distributed Energy Resources Management Systems (DERMS), Outage Management Systems (OMS), Phasor Measurement Units, smart sensors and AMI for real-time operations and control of T&D systems with high penetration of DG and microgrids Impact of DER on conventional protection schemes and industry experiences on conventional and novel protection schemes applied to T&D systems with high DER concentration. Practical methods to determine and mitigate adverse impacts from conventional and renewable DGs on the selectivity and coordination of traditional T&D system protection New methods, technologies and applications for protection of conventional and renewable DG and Microgrids under interconnected and islanded operation modes The articles in this special issue will emphasize the application of these technologies and methodologies from the T&D system perspective, with special attention to mitigating impacts, improving system security, operation and control, and increasing system resilience and reliability. Submission Guidelines This special issue solicits original work that must not be under consideration for publication in other venues. Two-page extended abstracts are solicited for the first round of reviews. Authors of selected abstracts will be invited to submit the full papers in the second round. Authors should refer to the IEEE PES Transactions author guidelines at for information about content and formatting of submissions. Please submit the extended abstract including a cover letter with author contact information to Guest EIC Julio Romero Aguero (jera@ieee.org) directly before the deadline. Important Dates Jan 30th, 2015: Deadline for extended abstract (2 pages) submission Mar 30th, 2015: Completion for first-round of reviews Jun 30th, 2015: Deadline for full paper submission Oct 30th, 2015: Final decision notification Nov 30th, 2015: Publication materials due Guest Editorial Board Julio Romero Agüero (Guest Editor-in-Chief), Quanta Technology, USA Walmir Freitas, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil Solveig Ward, Quanta Technology, USA Robert Uluski, UISOL, USA Fred Friend, American Electric Power (AEP), USA Editor-in-Chief of IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery Wilsun Xu, University of Alberta, Canada

Phasor measurement units gain credibility through improved test and calibration standards

Phasor measurement units gain credibility through improved test and calibration standards Smart grid; PMU calibration position 1 The North American interconnection, or electric transmission grid, is a