Les travaux de l'epfl dans le Smart Grids. Prof. Mario Paolone EPFL - Distributed Electrical Systems Laboratory

Transcription

1 Les travaux de l'epfl dans le Smart Grids Prof. Mario Paolone EPFL - Distributed Electrical Systems Laboratory

2 Outline Needs Challenges EPFL-SG research Conclusions

3 Needs Renewable Electricity Capacity Worldwide (including hydropower) Source: U.S. Dept. of Energy, Renewable Energy Data Book, August 2010

4 Needs Renewable Electricity Capacity Worldwide (excluding hydropower) Source: U.S. Dept. of Energy, Renewable Energy Data Book, August 2010

5 Needs (macro) Remark #1: From a wide-area point of view mismatch between renewables location and demand Wind speed (annual avg m/s) 2010 Population density (prs/km 2 )

6 Needs (macro) Remark #1: From a wide-area point of view mismatch between renewables location and demand Daily solar irradiation (annual avg Wh/m 2 ) 2010 Population density (prs/km 2 )

7 Needs (Transmission networks - Supergrids) Increase of transmission capacity over long distances Example: required number of lines in parallel to transmit 6 GW EHV and UHV AC transmission lines HVDC + straightforward integration + reliability + investments - stability - voltage control - complexity in power flow control + power flows control + transfer capacity + stability - reliability on long term

8 Needs (micro) Remark #2: Where renewables and CHP installations are typically located? Distance to user Network connection Distributed generation Large-scale generation Dispatchable sources Large hydro District CHP Mini hydro Medium CHP Micro CHP Concentrated solar Industrial CHP Photovoltaic Continuous sources Offshore wind Large onshore wind Small onshore wind Intermittent Distribution networks Transmission networks

9 Outline Needs Challenges EPFL-SG research Conclusions

10 Courtesy of Prof. N. Hatziargyriou Panel session of the Cigré symposium ThePower Network of the Future Bologna, Italy, Sept , 2011

11 Outline Needs Challenges EPFL-SG research Conclusions

12 EPFL Smart Grids Research Distributed Electrical Systems laboratory (EOS Holding Chair) H. B. Püttgen (Energy Ctr) D. Favrat (LENI) Coordination of research activities Thermodynami c Fuel cells Distributed electrical systems lab Prof. M Paolone MER R. Cherkaoui Dem. Resp. ICT Controls Storage Power el. JY Le Boudec (LCA2) C. Jones (LA) A. Rufer (LEI)

13 EPFL Smart Grids Research Research activities of the Distributed Electrical Systems laboratory (EOS Holding Chair) Networks monitoring Advanced Phasor-Measurement- Units (PMUs). Quantity Single tone signal m s Phase error [rad] [rad] RMS error [p.u.] [p.u.] TVE Frequency error [Hz] [Hz] Quantity Distorted signal m s Phase error [rad] [rad] RMS error [p.u.] [p.u.] TVE Frequency error [Hz] [Hz]

14 EPFL Smart Grids Research Research activities of the Distributed Electrical Systems laboratory (EOS Holding Chair) Real-Time State Estimation Phase:0 LF1 LF Slack: 4.16kVRMSLL/_0 Sub-second state estimation for Real-Time protection and control purposes. Load6 LF BUS6 Line5_6 + PI BUS_5 Load5 LF Line2_5 + PI BUS_1 BUS_2 Load2 + Line1_2 + Line7_12 + Line2_7 LF PI PI Line2_3 + PI BUS_3 Load3 LF Line3_4 + PI BUS_4 Load4 LF BUS_11 BUS_10 LF BUS_8 BUS_9 BUS_7 Load7 Load11 LF Line10_11 + PI Load10 LF Line10_13 + Line7_10 + PI PI PI Line7_8 + PI Load8 LF Line8_9 + PI Load9 LF BUS_13 Load13 LF BUS_12 Load12 LF

15 EPFL Smart Grids Research Research activities of the Distributed Electrical Systems laboratory (EOS Holding Chair) MPC-based voltage/power flow controls Model Predictive Controls l j N j ij i N S j j ij l i l i P E Y E E Y P E } 1 { l j N j ij i N S j j ij l i l i Q E Y E E Y Q E j } 1 {

16 EPFL Smart Grids Research Research activities of the Distributed Electrical Systems laboratory (EOS Holding Chair) Demand response Low-overhead decentralized DR control mechanisms 1 0

17 EPFL Smart Grids Research Research activities of the Distributed Electrical Systems laboratory (EOS Holding Chair) Protections R 1 Observation Point OHL 8km X f OHL 2km Time-reversal based protections and fault location AC 100 kω 230 kv Zc Fault Sw R f Zc Cable 500 m Z c 100 kω R 2 Fault current energy (normalized) R=0 ohm R=1 ohms R=10 ohms Guessed fault location (km) Voltage (v) Voltage (v) Voltage (v) Voltage (v) (a) (b) (c) (d) Time [us]

18 EPFL Smart Grids Research Research activities of the Distributed Electrical Systems laboratory (EOS Holding Chair) Real-Time simulation of power grids FPGA-based real-time digital simulators

19 EPFL Smart Grids Research Research activities of the Distributed Electrical Systems laboratory (EOS Holding Chair) Storage Systems - Planning IEEE 13 Node Test Feeder 650 Optimal Placement of Distributed Storage Systems for Voltage Control in Active Distribution Networks !

20 EPFL Smart Grids Research Research activities of the Distributed Electrical Systems laboratory (EOS Holding Chair) Storage Systems - Devices Modeling of storage systems: supercapacitors, electrolyzer for hydrogen production etc.

21 EPFL Smart Grids Research Aims Research activities of the Distributed Electrical Systems laboratory (EOS Holding Chair) Experimental facilities Real-Time Digital Simulator Opal-RT emegasim power grid real-time digital simulator Specs. Max nr. of 200 nodes Max nr. Switches: 150 switches Typical Rt integration time times µs monitoring: based on the use of phasor measurement units (PMUs); network observation: RT-state estimation; controls: optimal voltage control, congestion management, optimal network configuration/topology; protections: PMU-based relaying schemes, fault location.

22 EPFL Smart Grids Research Research activities of the Distributed Electrical Systems laboratory (EOS Holding Chair) Experimental facilities - Microgrid Aims Decentralized optimal control of dispatchable resources and storage systems; Microgrids optimal control strategies in normal and emergency conditions management of the intentional and unintentional islanding; Smart metering. ICT aspects.

23 EPFL Smart Grids Research EPFL Smart Campus Project Lighting control Electric vehicles Photovoltaic cells Smart building Smart building Distributed low voltage metering Building control Electrical storage Network monitoring and control Thermal network IGM Thermal storage Building network control Heating/ cooling control Thermal capacity of building HPC waste heat recovery Smart building Smart building

24 Outline Needs Challenges EPFL-SG research Conclusions

25 Conclusions Technologies, algorithms and techniques will make possible the planning, operation and control of future grids allowing their evolution into Smart Grids (whatever way you define it). The complexity of the involved problems ranges from basic science to engineering technological problems inherent multidisciplinary area of research.

26 Conclusions To this end, a multi-disciplinary environment involving several laboratories has been setup at the EPFL with the aim of developing new concepts applied to the operation and planning of the future electrical infrastructure.