Progressive Design Concepts for the Evolving Learning Environment

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Progressive Design Concepts for the Evolving Learning Environment"

Clarissa Allison
6 years ago
Views:

1 Progressive Design Concepts for the Evolving Learning Environment

2 Learning Objectives 1. Understand how air movement can maximize energy savings and comfort in a range of educational applications. 2. Demonstrate how air movement strategies aid in saving energy, improving comfort, minimizing materials usage and improving indoor air quality. 3. Learn the different considerations for incorporating air movement in a variety of spaces within a school (for example, classrooms vs. libraries vs. gyms). 4. Understand how air movement strategies can contribute to earning points in green rating systems, including LEED and CHPS.

3 Course Overview Benefits of Sustainable Education Design Air Movement in Gymnasiums Air Movement in Libraries and Media Centers Air Movement in Classrooms Green Rating Systems University of Texas Bookstore, Dallas, TX

4 Sustainable Education Design

5 Education Construction 160 Education Starts (Millions of Square Feet) % % % % % Millions of Square Feet Graph depicts changes from previous year

6 School Energy Usage 4,700 post-secondary schools $8 billion on energy 17,450 K-12 school districts $6 billion on energy

7 School Energy Usage 30% of this energy is considered inefficiently used or wasted

8 It costs on average less than 2% more to build a green school than to build a conventional school, and payback usually occurs within one year based on energy savings alone. Sustainable Education Design Greening America s Schools: Costs and Benefits 2006.

9 Sustainable Education Design Green schools can save $100,000 per year. 2 teachers 150 computers 5,000 textbooks

test scores Greater faculty retention Sustainable Education

10 Reduced operations and maintenance costs Improved IEQ Improved student health Increased attendance rates Higher test scores Greater faculty retention Sustainable Education Design

11 Major Energy Consumption (1000 BTU/sf) by Education Buildings

12 Example 1: Gymnasium New York, NY Climate Zone 4A

13 Example 2: Media Center Los Angles, CA Climate Zone 3C

14 Example 3: Classroom Houston, TX Climate Zone 2A

15 Air Movement Concepts

16 Thermal Comfort Factors

17 Summer Design

18 Winter Design Stratification of F per foot

19 Thermal Comfort Tool

20 Air Movement in Gymnasiums

21 Characteristics: Non-Sensitive Space Tall Ceilings Primary concerns: Stratification in winter High met levels Gymnasium Design Limited use leads to high Btu/occupied hour Overload for high occupancy events like graduation Transylvania University, Lexington, Ky.

22 Summer Design

23 Gymnasium: Alternative 1 7,833 sq. ft. 30 ft. ceilings New York, NY Occupied Setpoint: 75F cooling (feels like 75F) 70F heating Materials + Installation: $7.39/sq.ft.

24 Gymnasium: Alternative 1 Participant Comfort Spectator Comfort

25 Gymnasium: Alternative 2 7,833 sq. ft. 30 ft. ceilings New York, NY Occupied Setpoint: 79F cooling (feels like 75F) 70F heating Materials + Installation: $6.79/sq. ft.

26 Gymnasium: Alternative 2 Participant Comfort Spectator Comfort

27 Gymnasium Comparison Decrease Materials + Install Cost $0.60/sq. ft. HVAC Electricity Consumption 28% AC Capacity 10% Supplied Airflow 27% Annual Utilities Cost 16%

28 Air Movement in Libraries/Media Centers

29 Characteristics: Sensitive Space Tall Ceilings Primary concerns: Cooling energy usage Stratification in winter Limited use leads to high Btu/occupied hour Noise Paper flutter Library and Media Center Design Hutto Independent School District, Hutto, TX

30 Summer Design

31 Media Center: Alternative 1 3,192 sq. ft. 15 ft. ceilings Los Angeles, CA Occupied Setpoint: 74F cooling (feels like 74F) 72F heating Materials + Installation: $6.77/sq.ft.

32 Media Center: Alternative 1

33 Media Center: Alternative 2 3,192 sq. ft. 15 ft. ceilings Los Angeles, CA Occupied Setpoint: 78F cooling (feels like 74F) 72F heating Materials + Installation: $6.35/sq.ft.

34 Media Center: Alternative 2

35 Media Center Comparison Decrease Materials + Install Cost $0.42 HVAC Electricity Consumption 24% AC Capacity 10% Supplied Airflow 19% Annual Utilities Cost 9%

36 Case Study: Cassidy Elementary Lexington, KY 1216 sq. ft. library with 33-ft ceilings Air supplied through diffusers (11 feet AFF); air returned at 9.5 feet from ceiling mounted diffusers Two HVLS fans hang 24.5 feet AFF Data collected: temperature, RH, and HVAC run time

37 Direct-Drive HVLS(8-blade / 10-ft) Acoustic Profile High Speed

38 Direct-Drive HVLS(8-blade / 10-ft) Acoustic Profile Low Speed

39 WEEK 2: FANS ON WEEK 1: FANS OFF Temperature Stratification

40 Average Temperature Stratification Across 2 Weeks

41 Mechanical Systems Run Time 16.3% decrease in the run time of the units after accounting for the difference in outside air temperatures

42 Recommendations When the fans were installed three things occurred:

43 Air Movement in Classrooms

44 Characteristics: Sensitive Space Low Ceilings Primary concerns: Cooling Energy Usage Noise Indoor Environmental Quality Local Control Classroom Design Corvallis Waldorf School, Corvallis, OR

45 Classroom: Alternative sq. ft. 12 ft. ceilings Houston, TX Occupied Setpoint: 74F cooling (feels like 74F) 72F heating Materials + Installation: $6.38/sq.ft.

46 Classroom: Alternative 1

47 Classroom: Alternative sq. ft. 12 ft. ceilings Houston, TX Occupied Setpoint: 78F cooling (feels like 74F) 72F heating Materials + Installation: $5.50/sq. ft.

48 Classroom: Alternative 2

49 Classroom Comparison Decrease Materials + Install Cost $0.88 A/C Electricity Consumption 21% AC Capacity 7% Supplied Airflow 7% Annual Utilities Cost 14%

Lexington, Ky. Case Study: Lexington Hearing & Speech Classrooms from 504-638 sq. ft.

50 Lexington, Ky. Case Study: Lexington Hearing & Speech Classrooms from sq. ft. HVAC system supplies and returns air through ceiling-mounted diffusers 60-inch ceiling fans Test: Effects of air movement on personal comfort and acoustics

51 Acoustic Profile Room 100

52 Acoustic Profile Room 113

53 Air Velocity Measurements Rooms 100 and 113

54 Thermal Comfort Surveys

55 Recommendations

56 Green Rating Systems: CHPS

57 Collaborative for High Performance Schools (CHPS) Founded in 1999 Reach Mission 200+ schools have been recognized for meeting CHPS criteria 40+ school districts have adopted CHPS as their design standard To make every school an ideal place to learn Machetanz Elementary, Wasilla, AK

58 Collaborative for High Performance Schools (CHPS) Scorecard Prerequisites Credits Recognition 250 Possible Points 110 points minimum for new construction 85 points minimum for renovation Buist Academy, Charleston, SC

59 Point Distribution

Recommendation: CHPS Guideline TC15: Ceiling Fans Use ceiling fans in classrooms instead of AC (mild climates), or as cooling supplement (extreme climates)

60 Recommendation: CHPS Guideline TC15: Ceiling Fans Use ceiling fans in classrooms instead of AC (mild climates), or as cooling supplement (extreme climates) Air movement extends comfort range in warm seasons In heating seasons, ceiling fans bring warmer air to occupant level Corvallis Waldorf School, Corvallis, OR

61 EE 1.0 Energy Performance (up to 5 points Prerequisite): Must comply with ASHRAE Standard or IECC 2012 AND obtain an ENERGY STAR design score EE 6.1 Natural Ventilation & Energy Conservation Interlocks (up to 2 points): 75% of classrooms designed to adhere to ASHRAE Standards and without mechanical cooling EQ 9.1 Thermal Comfort ASHRAE 55 (up to 4 points): Comply with ASHRAE Standard 55 CHPS: Highlighted Credits EQ 14.0 Acoustical Performance (up to 4 points Prerequisite): Total Background Noise must be 45 dba

EE 1.1 Superior Energy Performance (4-40 points) EE 2.1 Zero Net Energy Bonus (up to 3 points) EQ 1.0 HVAC Design ASHRAE 62.1 (up to 7 points Prerequisite) EQ 14.

62 EE 1.1 Superior Energy Performance (4-40 points) EE 2.1 Zero Net Energy Bonus (up to 3 points) EQ 1.0 HVAC Design ASHRAE 62.1 (up to 7 points Prerequisite) EQ 14.1 Enhanced Acoustical Performance (up to 6 points) II 10.1 Innovation (up to 4 points) CHPS: Additional Credits MW 5.1 Single Attribute Certified Wood (1 point) Iowa State University, Ames, IA

63 Green Rating Systems: LEED

LEED Building Design + Construction (BD+C) LEED Building Design + Construction includes school design, with some variance in applicable credits LEED v4 major changes include material

64 LEED Building Design + Construction (BD+C) LEED Building Design + Construction includes school design, with some variance in applicable credits LEED v4 major changes include material transparency, prerequisites to avoid greenwashing and integrated design credit Center for Green Schools promotes the design and construction of sustainable learning environments Berea College, Berea, KY

65 Point Distribution

66 LEED: Highlighted Credits EA Prerequisite 2: Minimum Energy Performance Establish a minimum level of energy efficiency EQ Prerequisite 1: Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance Contribute to comfort and well-being of building occupants EQ Prerequisite 3: Minimum Acoustic Performance Only a prerequisite for schools Facilitate communication through effective acoustic design EQ Credit 5: Thermal Comfort* (1 point) Promote productivity and well-being through quality thermal comfort *Listed under different credit number in LEED 2009

EA Credit 2: Optimize Energy Performance* (up to 2 points) EQ Credit 1: Enhanced Indoor Air Quality Strategies* (up to 2 points) IN Credit 1: Innovation (up to 5

67 EA Credit 2: Optimize Energy Performance* (up to 2 points) EQ Credit 1: Enhanced Indoor Air Quality Strategies* (up to 2 points) IN Credit 1: Innovation (up to 5 points) LEED: Additional Credits RP Credit: Regional Priority (up to 4 points) *Listed under different credit number in LEED 2009 Dunbar High School, Lexington, KY

68 Conclusion

69 Conclusion Sustainable school design facilitates student success First-cost expense to build green is minimal and payback occurs quickly Air movement benefits can provide substantial savings in school applications Highland Park High School, Dallas, TX

70 Questions? design.bigasssolutions.com

EnergyPro Building Energy Analysis. Single-story School Building

EnergyPro Building Energy Analysis Single-story School Building EnergyPro Building Energy Analysis for a single-story school bulding Project Scope The purpose of the EnergyPro energy model was to evaluate