EC CONCERTOII project REMINING-Lowex

Transcription

1 EC CONCERTOII project REMINING-Lowex Redevelopment of European Mining Areas into Sustainable Communities by Integrating Supply and Demand Side based on Low Exergy Principles April 21, 2009 Peter Op t Veld, Erwin Roijen Cauberg-Huygen Consulting Engineers Maastricht the Netherlands

2 What is REMINING-Lowex about? Balancing the local energy demand (buildings) with the local available low valued energy sources (renewables, i.e. mine water, but also other renewables) Using water of abandoned mines in combination with other local renewable sources for heating and cooling of buildings At ~ 800 m: 35 0 C > low temperature heating At ~ 200 m: 16 0 C > high temperature cooling Developing sustainable communities in mining and former mining areas > transition to clean energy Total eligible costs Total funding Duration: five years (June 2007 June 2012)

3 The REMINING Communities Communities and partners involved: Heerlen Netherlands (investments) Heerlen Weller RGD Cauberg-Huygen (coordinator) Zagorje Slovenia (investments) Zagorje Mining Zagorje KOP Municipality services University of Ljubljana Czeladz Poland (feasibility) Czeladz SRK University of Silezia Bourgas Bulgaria (feasibility) Bourgas Bulgarian Academy of Science Dissemination, training, additional research Climate Alliance EU EURACOM EU Fraunhofer DE (Training)

4 Lowex approach for the Mine Water Project Heerlen: balancing supply side (RES) with demand side (RUE) on basis of low exergy principles distribution LT DH&C 3-pipes system demand Buildings suitable for use of low valued energy (LTH and HTC) supply Minewater Additional RES biomass, solar Integral system approach for the total built environment

5 Supply side: mine water Warm reservoirs (800m): C Cold reservoirs (200m): C

6 HH1 N Simulations and reservoir models. tracer 1 distribution HH2 shaft 445 m 520 m 600 m injection well HH I V II III IV Time (days) production well HH2 Temperature difference to T0 = 27.7 C Tracer concentration (mmol/l) measured DT (t0 = 27.7 C) at HH1 modelled DT re-injected water - tracer 1 stone drift - zone 2 mined zone tracer 2 mined zone tracer 3 mined zone - tracer 5

7 .in combination with the old mine maps to determine drilling locations projection corridors on nowadays topographics

8 Distribution: Low temperature ( lowex ) H&C distribution system the primary grid

9 Heerlerheide phase 1 Buildings Heerlerheide Centre H C R 2 Warm Wells C 17 0 C Energy station Heerlerheide Centre C 28 0 C HP HP Option: Regeneration of wells (by HP s in buildings) Intermediate Well Heerlen SON phase 2 Energy stations Energy buildings stations Energy buildings stations buildings Energy station Maankwartier HP HP C 2 Cold Wells

10 The primary grid connection between the wells and building locations warm well cold well 1 Heerlerheide Centre 2 CBS offices old and new 3 Maankwartier 4 APG building 5 Campus (Arcus, HS Zuyd, OU)

11 From a schematic approach to a LT H&C grid in practice. Some decision parameters: Length op the grid (Type of) paving Drillings (road crossings) Existing infrastructures Impact on wells Flow directions Ecology Archaeology Soil (pollution) Permits Costs.. campus

12 From a schematic approach to a LT H&C grid in practice. Some design constraints: Chemical quality of the mine water sediments and sludge s scaling corrosion bacterial corrosion gas (CH 4 and CO 2 ) Pressure ~ 1 bar = enough Velocity: ~ 1,5 m/s Leakage detection Cleaning (foam pigs) Transport energy (pumps)

13 Demand side: The buildings

14 New CBS office m2 Location Heerlerheide Centre 312 apartments 3800 m2 commercial buildings 2500 m2 public and cultural buildings m2 health care buildings 2200 m2 educational buildings Energy station Location Maankwartier 110 apartments m2 commercial 4000 m2 hotel m2 offices Existing CBS office m2 Existing ABP office m2

15 Boundary conditions: What is extra needed to make a building minewater proof/lowex (NL)? Building Reg s NL Practice 2007 NL Mine water Lowex Thermal insulation Envelope U = 0.37 Glazing U = 3.0 Ventilation No system requirements Air tightness n 50 = 3 Emission system No requirements HVAC system/efficiency No requirements (but in EPR) Energy Performance (EPC) dwellings 0.8 Thermal insulation Envelope U = 0.30 Glazing U = 1.5 Ventilation 50% ME/50% MVHR Air tightness n 50 < 2 Emission system Radiators HVAC system/efficiency Condensing boilers = 95% No cooling EPC dwellings 0.8 Thermal insulation Envelope U < 0.25 Glazing U < 1.2 Ventilation MVHR = 95% Demand controlled Air tightness n 50 <1 Emission system Floor heating and cooling HVAC system/efficiency Mine water with heat pumps (boiler back up) Sustainable cooling EPC dwellings 0.5

16 Direct heating and cooling Building services: Temperature minewater: 10 C water from shallow layers high-temperature cooling by thermally activated building parts 20 C Indoor air temperature (exergy zero-level) 30 C water from deeper layers 40 C low-temperature heating by thermally activated building parts 50 C

17 Indirect heating and cooling

18 Boundary conditions Hydraulic separation between the mine- water system and the building services The heating and cooling capacity of thermally activated building parts is limited. The system is sensitive to excessive transmission and ventilation losses.

19 Optimization by using Load Duration Curves Dynamical buildings simulations by TRNSYS Temperature levels for heating, cooling and DHW Ratio RES (and HP) and conventional Balancing H and C storage Optimization transmission and ventilation losses and seasonal operation Enlarging the dead-zone = period without H or C demand > conflict with energy exploitation and economical feasibility! (decrease of energy demand = decrease of profits)

20 Optimizing ratio RES/conventional by using a LD curve Heerlerheide

21 Source pumps with primary grid Primairy distribution grid Mine water circa 18 C Return well Mine water circa 28 C Gemeente Heerlen Weller Energie BV Tertiairy net Secundary grid Energy Station with secundary grid To tertiairy net in complexes (only heat delivery is shown) Heat Generation (winter season)

22 Source pumps with primairy grid Primairy grid Mijnwater circa 18 C Retourbron Mijnwater circa 28 C Gemeente Heerlen Weller Energie BV Heat pump shut off EWP Tertiairy net E Secundary grid E Energy Station with secundary grid To tertiairy net in buildings (only cold delivery is shown) Cold supply (summer)

23 Exchanger cold Exchanger heat Exchanger DHW W G Secundary distribution grid Energy station with tertiairy net in buildings cold water (18 C) for comfort cooling warm water for heating C Condensing boiler for DHW g DHW distribution System in building Storage tank apartment cooling E heating W Weller Energie BV Installation dwellings Floor cooling Floor heating DHW W = water meter E = energy meter G = gas meter

24 MPC MEC End-users Municipality of Heerlen MEC Weller Energie BV with energy station for upgrading heat and cold Residential buildings (private households) Commercial buildings Corio Energy NV MEC with additional investments for upgrading heat and cold ABP head office (retrofitted) MEC with additional investments for upgrading heat and cold CBS head office (new 2009)

25 MPC MEC End-users Municipality of Heerlen MEC Weller Energie BV with energy station for upgrading heat and cold Residential buildings (private households) Commercial buildings Corio Energy NV MEC with additional investments for upgrading heat and cold ABP head office (retrofitted) -Capital costs of investments (wells, grid) -Running costs: pumping, maintenance MEC with additional investments for upgrading heat and cold -Capital costs of investments (energy station, grid) -Running costs: fuels, maintenance, service CBS head office (new 2009) -Extra investements for low-exergy -Reference costs for heating, cooling and DHW Price agreement Price agreement

26 Economical barriers High investments for infrastructure Wells (if needed) Distribution system Hardly any energy to sell for heating and cooling in very energy efficient buildings Shift from selling GJ s to connection fees and/or one-off contribution fees HT Cooling can give more profits Cost for electricity (pumps, heat pumps) are still substantial Buildings really need to have optimal low-ex emission systems to limit additional use of heat pumps to have relative large T Pump energy: how to reduce?

27 Electricity consumption pumps

28 Electricity consumption pumps

29 New additions: Education Campus Heerlen Education Campus ambition for CO 2 reduction of 80% in 2025 Open University Zuyd University Arcus college Sintermeerten college Bio cogeneration plant (with absorption cooling) Solar (Thermal and PV) Connection to minewater grid Lowex principles: Existing buildings higher temperatures (cogen) New buildings low temperatures (minewater) Out coupling of residual heat and cold with minewater grid Energy management: direct use in other buildings, recharging wells (?)

30 New additions: Spatial development Czeladz - Poland

31 New additions: Spatial development Czeladz - Poland Temperature 12,2-14,4 C: suitable for indirect heating (heatpumps) and free cooling Building density for district heating: 75 apartments / ha 11 mln m 3 minewater / year: GJ heat ( apartments) OR GJ cold ( apartments) Domestic hot water? Pumping 24/7?

32 Summary Limitation of internal and solar heat gains in summer The energetic and financial performance of minewater as an energy source depends on a variety of parameters. Therefore, a field of expertises is needed to come up with a solid overall view. Demand: how to make buildings mine water/lowex proof Extra needed in comparison with building regulations: Extra thermal insulation (but not to passive house standard) Airtight building, energy efficient ventilation systems (MVHR) LT heating, HT cooling systems Municipal organisation for large scale projects often barrier > new structures and transition investigated in new Dutch Long Term research project TRANSEP-DGO Supply: geological research is crucial, reservoir modelling and technologies for (controlled and steered) drilling Integrated design of a LT energy supply structure (based on use of mine water) is possible if supply and demand side are balanced on the basis of exergy principles

33 Summary Demand: how to make buildings mine water/lowex proof Balancing H and C storage Optimization transmission and ventilation losses and seasonal operation Enlarging the dead-zone Problems with DHW in LT grids; solutions are still necessary Exploitation: high investment costs, little consumption of GJ s What is the financial value of a low-ex energy source? Ratio RES (and HP) and conventional Temperature levels for heating, cooling and DHW How to use heat load duration curves

34 General recommendations A small as possible distance between the renewable energy source (e.g. minewater) and the energy demanders Matching temperatures for minewater and building services An open business model with a clear financial forecast appoints the economic and energetic return of the system energy demand investements for low-ex / energy reducing measures Optimum investments versus returns? Profits from energy sales

35 FP6 CONCERTO II REMINING LOWEX