CityLinks Webinar Urban Intersections: Food Security, and Climate Change. CityLinks Webinar Urban Intersections: Food Security, and Climate Change

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1 CityLinks Webinar Urban Intersections: Food Security, and Climate Change May 12, 2015 CityLinks Webinar Urban Intersections: Food Security, and Climate Change May 12, 2015 What is CityLinks? The CityLinks model was designed by ICMA as a way to enable municipal officials in developing and decentralizing countries to draw on the resources of international counterparts to find sustainable solutions tailored to the real needs of their cities. It is a USAID-funded program that offers pilot projects that address the global challenges of climate change, food security, and water and sanitation. 1

2 Knowledge Network Explore ICMA s Knowledge Network for more resources on the three CityLinks technical areas. Visit these three topic pages: Climate Change, Food Security, and Water & Sanitation. Also, be sure to sign up for our Climate Preparedness, Adaptation, and Resilience group to participate in the The CityLinks Twitter account is used by program staff to share relevant news, project updates, and exchange activities in real time. Stay up to date on the latest CityLinks activities, keep in touch with fellow participants, and take advantage of all the useful resources right at your fingertips. Icma.org/citylinks Learn more about the history, design, and implementation of the program. CityLinks Newsletter Released via once a quarter, the newsletter delivers program highlights, news, and resources straight to your inbox. Notes from CityLinks With weekly posts, the blog is an informal way for program staff and partners to share relevant information and project updates. Facebook.com/Ci tylinks2014 The CityLinks Facebook account is used by program staff to share relevant news, project updates, and exchange activities on a daily basis. CityLinks Urban Intersections Webinar Pre-Survey URBAN NEXUS An approach for the Sustainable Governance of rural-urban Linkages Considerations for integrated urban and metropolitan development CityLinks Webinar: 12th May, 2015 Carmen Vogt, GIZ- Germany Seite 66 2

3 situational OUTSET urbanisation: the world has become a city defining characteristic of the 21st century rapid urbanisation and > 90% of global urban growth in developing countries ~ 95% urban growth in metropolitan regions (increase of people / d) increasing urbanization of rural areas, of lifestyle and consumption tripling of world s urbanised surface by 2030 (additional 1.5 mio skm) additional 500 mio slum dwellers by 2020 and related public facility gap increase in resource consumption / cap contrasting resource availability pursuit of new resource stocks directly linked to species loss and rising costs increasing damage in urban areas by natural disasters (risk exposure) increasing public sector fiscal constraint Seite 77 River Canalization Programme situational OUTSET conventional urban management approach Application of established, technically distinct solutions through distinct administrative units bring about four key types of problems: Road Network Improvement Programme Multiple separate, single- purpose solutions Slum Clearance & Resettlement Programme Recreational & Cultural Facilities Development Programme Efficacy Problems, i.e. single purpose systems managed as separate silos, poorly coordinated Suitability Problems, i.e. supplydriven specialist agencies limit customised demand-based solutions for local opportunities Efficiency Problems, i.e. combination of coordination and suitability problems resulting in increased cost and fiscal strain Resiliency Problems, i.e. difficult to adapt fixed, capital intensive systems, costly if not failing Seite 88 situational OUTSET drawing conclusions towards an increased outcome In summary, dis-integration of urban regions into systems and management units systems do not reflect and respond to cities as complex, fast-changing, and highly interdependent systems On the contrast, Increasing demand for more urban space and better quality of spaces Increasing cost of urban production and lifestyles Increasing urban risk and vulnerability Declining fiscal support for urban development Urban Nexus addresses this development strategy challenge via a more coordinated, responsive and efficient approach a policy opportunity and practice approach towards the three dimensions of sustainability: access to services productivity of resource use valuing of ecosystem Seite 99 3

4 urban NEXUS sustainably governing inter-sectoral linkages NEXUS approach the origin Bonn 2011 Conference The Water Energy and Food Security Nexus Solutions for the Green Economy 3 objectives: (i) policy recommendations on the way to Rio+20, (ii) nexus as policy dimension, and (iii) concrete initiatives. NEXUS - principles intersectoral, multi-stakeholder, good governance, inclusive, human-rights based, ownership und commitment NEXUS policy gains increased policy coherence: intersectoral cooperation and coordination. accelerated access for the poor: promoting productivity + benefits. creating more with less: increased resource productivity and allocation. reducing waste and resource loss: economic and environmental gains. effective use of natural infrastructure: protecting ecosystems. mobilised consumer influence: resource-efficient consumption patterns Seite urban NEXUS sustainably governing rural-urban linkages urban NEXUS - planning and management principles recognizing its cross-sectoral impact and interference. Multi- Disciplinarity Transport Housing Economy etc. addressing and involving all levels of governance. Multi-Level- Governance Supranational National Regional Local urban NEXUS fostering broad stakeholder cooperation and action. Multi- Stakeholder Public Private Civil necessary CHANGE institutional set up, coordination and cooperation for integrated management reviewed attitudes, lifestyle and production patterns for (re)localised sourcing Seite urban NEXUS an integrated approach to urban management High Density Mixed-Use Public Transit & Express Automobile Corridors Multiple challenges addressed by a customised, integrated solution set Housing Supply Incentive System customisation of coordinated, integrated systemic solutions providing incentives for co-management signal alignment at multilevel and scales systemic understanding of cities increasing the productivity of resources, finance, assets, services and communities reducing resource demands, costs, vulnerabilities enhancing quality of life Seite

5 urban NEXUS challenge of societal and behavioural changes However, Institutionalisation of an urban NEXUS approach requires significant societal and behavioural changes: revamping of outdated institutional structures and planning systems enhancement of horizontal linkages between sectors and vertical linkages between local/subnational, national and international scales reconsideration and reform of responsibilities and mandates set up of incentives for close cooperation and coordination mechanims adjustments in finance flows / budget allocations fostering of community awareness, engagement and public participation Seite THE URBAN NEXUS APPROACH NEXUS OBJECTIVES Increase the o effectiveness, o suitability, o efficiency, and o resilience of urban projects and investments. urban NEXUS an integrated approach to urban management targets synergies process enablers NEXUS OPPORTUNITIES integrate across: o Systems & Resources o Scales o Services & Facilities o Silos o Social Behaviours NEXUS PROJECT CYCLE o Identify o Innovate o Design & Deliver o Capacitate & Communicate o Mainstream NEXUS INNOVATION AREAS o Policy & Law o Design & Technology o Delivery Models o Communications & User Behaviours o Institutional Dev t What are the targeted increases in organisational and resource productivity? How will we measure nexus success? STRATEGY QUESTIONS FOR STAKEHOLDERS What are the possible productivity enhancing synergies and benefits that can be gained by integrating two or more operations or systems? What process can be used to accelerate preparation, testing, and scaling of nexus solutions? What innovations, measures and reforms are required to enable the nexus opportunity? Seite urban NEXUS an integrated solution set Type of Integration Measure. Changes in behaviours are supported to secure & support nexus benefits. Changes in regulations, law, jurisdiction to enable and incent technical & operational productivity. Operational productivity is increased. Capacities are developed to more directly address policy objectives. Technical productivity is increased. Resources are better deployed to achieve policy objectives. URBAN NEXUS Solution Social & Behaviour Integration Integration of Institutional Scales & Silos Services/Facilities integration Resource Systems Integration Example Curitiba Waste/Food Exchange Programme Establish routines & norms of taking waste to collection points. Recycling, nutrition education. Integrated programme service team, then municipal-wide matrix management eventually established. Waste collection, farm support, nutrition, and youth engagement programmes are integrated into one programme for designated areas. Solid wastes are removed from residential areas and exchanged for food. (or could be composted as Organic wastes) Seite

6 getting REAL putting the NEXUS into practice potential NEXUS - Initiatives support of sustainable rural-urban linkages safeguard of ecosystem services, protected areas and biodiversity, improvement of microclimates decentralised energy mgt forstering renewables, clean air and protecting local forests interregional mobility mgt for connectivity, less congestion integrated watershed management and provision of water on an energy-efficient and safe basis optimizing water and energy use in local food production, reuse of organic waste and wastewater for urban farming urban and peri-urban land and investment management closed-cycle resource management: reduce, recover, recycle green urban economy approaches: green public standards, procurement, incentives fostering of green infrastructure and (public) buildings Seite getting REAL putting the NEXUS into urban practice Integrated Resource Management in Asian Cities: The Urban NEXUS GIZ Bangkok, Thailand, 2012 ongoing what - regional advisory project promoting local inter-sectoral pilot initiatives in combination with local capacity development and regional learning. where - in 10 cities in six Asian countries (China, Indonesia, Mongolia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam). Promoting climate-friendly biogas technology in Brazilian Cities GIZ / KfW Brazil, 2013 ongoing what technical and financial cooperation for developing alternative approaches to electricity generation. how - e.g. via agricultural waste, GHG emissions from sewerage and waste-watertreatment in combination with introduction of environmental standards. Sector Project Urban NEXUS Initiative in cooperation with ICLEI GIZ / ICLEI Germany, Tanzania & India, what three-pronged approach: conceptual study, case studies, 2 pilots. who - in cooperation with ICLEI World Secretariat, Science Po Paris, ICLEI SSA and ICLEI SA, Kinondoni Municipality-Dar es Salaam, Nashik Municipality Seite Thank you very much for your attention. Further information: German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ GmbH ) Urbanet: Contact: GIZ - Sector Project Sustainable Development of Metropolitan Regions metropolregionen@giz.de Seite

7 Operationalization of Urban Nexus Approaches in City of Nashik, India CityLinks Webinar: 12th May, 2015 Urban Intersections-Food Security, Water and Climate Change Urban Nexus City: Nashik Situated on the Northwest of the state of Maharashtra, India Located on the bank of Godavari River Administrative headquarter of Nashik District and Division 3 rd largest and the 3 rd the most industrialised city in Maharashtra 4 th largest city: population of 1,486,973 (2011) One of the holiest cities of India, hosts Simhashth Kumbh Mela, a mass Hindu pilgrimage, once in 12 years. Famous for its grape production and is known as the Grape city or Wine capital of India. Nexus Approaches in Nashik Objective: To identify and establish mutually beneficial responses from the inter-linkages between sectors (water, energy, food) Donor: GIZ Duration: November, 2013 to July, 2014 Scope of Work: Identifying potential thematic and strategic foci for the respective pilot measure 7

8 Growth Trajectory & Resource Constraints Non revenue water (NRW) is very high and needs urgent attention!!! High paced urbanization, industrialization and fast deforestation: Less area for cultivation Population projected to cross 3 million in 2026 and 5 million in 2014!!! Groundwater level is decreasing at the rate of 1-3 m in every five years!!! Groundwater pumping for agricultural purposes is very energy intensive!! With the increasing population there is increased demand for drinking water supply!! Area increased by 22 times in 100 years and population by 30 times!!! Considering the agricultural importance of Nashik, it was proposed to bring the fallow/scrub land into urban and peri-urban agriculture practices which will reduce energy and water demand ULTIMATE GOAL OF NASHIK Nexus in Nashik Inter- sectoral linkages: Integration of separately designed and managed systems in Nashik: Water, Agriculture (Food) and Energy Institutional and Multi-level linkages: At least 10 separate departments responsible for water, energy and agriculture in Nashik Food Water Energy Pilot Interventions included: 1. Agriculture Pump Set Efficiency Performance Evaluation 2. Mapping biogas potential in the pilot area 3. Creating potential groundwater recharging system 4. Promoting agro-education in schools Agriculture Pump Set Efficiency Performance Evaluation Inefficient irrigation pump sets used with operating efficiency <30% or less Energy consumption is very high on farms: i. Improper selection and installation of pumps, ii. Use of high-friction piping, and iii. Lack of proper maintenance 8

9 Pilot Activities Include: Semi-structured interview with more than 120 farmers in Makhmalabad Auditing of 8 agricultural pumps in the study area Identify the major causes of low operating efficiency and recommend improvements / better operating practices Study external parameters that could affect the efficiency and their impact on operating efficiency Replacement of inefficient pumps by ISI marked and BEE approved energy efficient pump sets to demonstrate impact!! Training and capacity building of farmers!! Implementations can reduce energy consumption at agricultural farms by about 20% to 30%!!!! Mapping Biogas Potential in the Pilot Area Strategic step to reduce dependence on fossil fuels Few decades back farmers had installed biogas plants under National Biogas and Manure Management Programme (NBMMP), GoI. However, biogas has lost its charm due to urbanization and reduction in livestock Need to look into options to revive usage of biogas technology 9

10 Survey of Pilot Area to assess: Numbers and locations of functional and non-functional biogas plants Number of individual and community plants Reasons for non-functionality of abandoned biogas plants Number of cattle sheds in the area which can serve as potential source for raw material Only 16% of installed biogas plants are functional presently!! Calculations show that replacing fossil fuels by biogas reduces the CO 2 emission per unit of energy by 90%!! Creating Potential Groundwater Recharge Systems Feasibility study by NMC to construct groundwater recharging system Along with NMC, ICLEI SA is constructing groundwater recharging systems at one of the 4 sites in city Recharging Systems will reduce surface runoff and maintain water table for usage during dry spells!! Promoting Agro tourism/ Agro-education among School Exposure visits for students to agricultural farms to raise awareness towards actual farming practices and importance of organic farming Visit to model farm with variety of plantations, horticulture nursery, demo models of water conservation units etc. First tour was organized on 13 th April, 2014 with 35 school children along with teachers participating Facilitated through KK Wagh College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology 10

11 FOOD Agricultural Pump Set Efficiency Performance Evaluation Livestock manure management; biofertilizer Reduced energy consumption CLIMATE CHANGE ENERGY Mapping Biogas Potential in the Pilot Area WATER Groundwater Recharging Institutional and Multi-level Linkages Formation of Stakeholder Group Different departments at multi-levels involved: Water Supply and Sewerage; Environment; Town Planning Dept. NMC (City level), Irrigation Department (District and State level), State Agriculture Department (State level), Maharshtra State Electricity Distribution Company Limited (District level) KK Wagh College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, (Academic) Agriculture Produce Market Committee (District level) Maharashtra Engineering Research Institute (Research ) Maharashtra Environmental Engineering Training and Research Academy (City level) Perfect example of institutional and managerial silos!!! Outcomes, Challenges & Lessons Learnt Outcomes Improved inter-departmental coordination Multi-level governance Improved energy efficiency by replacing inefficient pump sets with more efficient, right sized pumps and low-friction valves and piping Promoting the revival of non-functional biogas plants helped in improved resource efficiency Conservation of natural resources through groundwater recharging Awareness raising through students Training and capacity building of local farmers helped in sensitizing them to the utilization of energy efficient pumps Community ownership of the project through a tripartite agreement between the farmers, the NMC and ICLEI South Asia 11

12 Challenges The major short-comings in bringing institutional and multi- level linkages included: Composition of institutions Limited mandate of existing institutions Decision making process Bureaucratic and political interference Weak enforcement capacity No inter-departmental/institutional communication Lessons Learnt Bringing together multiple levels of governance requires considerable time Limited time and human resources can shape an Urban NEXUS outcome Creating openness to the Urban NEXUS approach is crucial Building trust with communities is a make or break factor Political will and commitment ensure that an Urban NEXUS project will take flight Building awareness is a continuous process Thank You Mr Emani Kumar/ Ms Ritu Thakur ICLEI South Asia 12

13 Urban Intersections - Food Security, Water, and Climate Change Lessons from New York City Nevin Cohen 12 May, 2015 Food System Vulnerabilities to Climate Change 13

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15 Mitigation: The Food and Water Nexus 15

16 Stony Creek Farmstead Catskill Cattle Company Heather Ridge Farm 16

17 Chobani Yogurt Co., Fulton County, NY 17

18 Brooklyn Grange, Brooklyn NY Arbor House, NYC Housing Authority, Bronx, NY Via Verde, NYC Housing Preservation and Development, Bronx 18

19 Red Hook Farm, NYC Housing Authority 19

20 Audience Q & A Thank you for joining us! Please share your feedback by taking a brief survey. 20