COMBUSTION INSTABILITIES. Eugenio Giacomazzi, ENEA

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1 COMBUSTION INSTABILITIES Eugenio Giacomazzi, ENEA

2 Outline of Presentation Motivation of the Project Group. Near future scenario for GTs. History of this Project Group. Since AGM 2011 up to now. An FP7 Marie Curie ITN Project recently submitted. Participants, objectives and means. Organizing an EC grant funded project. Aims and deliverables. Suggested path to goals. Next steps.

3 Motivation EU Energy RoadMap 2050 Decarbonization Security of energy supply Clean and efficient power generation Safe operation Availability reliability and Alternative fuels CCS Power2Gas H 2 -blends Lack of a gas quality harmonization code Fuel-flexibility Renewables Electricity grid fluctuations Load-flexibility ENHANCED COMBUSTION DYNAMICS

4 History of This Project Group 30 th March 2011, ETN AGM in Budapest Launch of the idea Dynamics, Monitoring and Control of. 7 th February 2012, One Day Workshop in Rome Combustion Instabilities in Gas Turbines. 7 th July 2012, Position Paper submission to ETN Project Board Thermo-Acoustic Instabilities in a Load- and Fuel- Flexible CCS-Enabled Gas Turbine Market [ENEA-DLR-AEN, 5 reviewers]. Rejected by ETN PB. 12 th October 2012, Special Session at XXXV ISCI in Milan (outside ETN) Efficiency, Flexibility and Combustion Stability in Gas Turbines - ENEA, ENEL, ANSALDO ENERGIA, ENIPOWER. November 2012, Marie Curie ITN Project submission (outside ETN) Dynamics of Turbulent Flames in Gas Turbine Combustors Fired with Hydrogen-Enriched Natural Gas.

5 Goals Marie Curie ITN Project COFIRE-HNG Dynamics of Turbulent Flames in Gas Turbine Combustors Fired with Hydrogen-Enriched Natural Gas Partners (9 from 8 countries; 6 ETN members) DLR [DE] Boxx Isaac Imperial College [UK] Beyrau Frank ENEA [IT] Giacomazzi Eugenio LAVISION [DE] Voges Heinrich SIEMENS [SE] Lorstad Daniel Associated Partners (2 EU countries; 1 US; 1 ETN member) Purdue University [US] Lucht Robert Duisburg-Essen U. [DE] Schulz Christof INCDT COMOTI [RO] Porumbel Ionut TU Delft [NL] Scarano Fulvio NTNU [NO] Dawson James INSA Rouen [FR] Grisch Frederic E.ON [UK] Potter David Investigate and understand the H 2 -enrichment-related mechanisms affecting turbulent burning characteristics of NG and GT operation. Educate young scientists and engineers with a specialized and multidisciplinary training experience encompassing the latest experimental, numerical and theoretical analysis techniques.

6 Marie Curie ITN Project COFIRE-HNG Dynamics of Turbulent Flames in Gas Turbine Combustors Fired with Hydrogen-Enriched Natural Gas Project Objectives / Work Packages Experimental study, modelling and simulation of turbulencechemistry interactions in an HNG flame (simple burner). Experimental study and simulation of H 2 -enrichment-related phenomena in GT combustors (single-burner; annular combustor with multiple burners). Comparison of numerical (LES), experimental (3D-PIV, PLIF, CARS, RAMAN, optical / acoustic sensors) and theoretical results. Statistics (Budget/Duration/People) 4.5M EURO (EU funding) / 4 years / 12 Ph.D. students / 3 PostDocs. First EU Feedback Phase 1 passed with rate 89/100; but only 150/783 will win.

7 Challenging issues State-of-the-Art Combustion instabilities: an old but not really solved issue Problems solved (empirically) only in specific cases or conditions. Several control strategies at laboratory scale, but very few at industrial relevant scale. Effects of premixing quality. Effects of varying H 2 -content. Rapid change in load and/or composition. Mechanisms driving high-frequency oscillations. Progress in sensor technology not reflected in real GT monitoring/control Justification of a new EU grant funded project Effect of transverse waves in annular combustors. Combustion dynamics fits well in the EU RoadMap 2050 scenarios. The project will strengthen the position of EU GT OEMs in the world market. Results will compensate the additional costs for gas import and production.

8 Peculiarities of a New Grant Funded Project DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES THEORY, OBSERVATION AND GT USERS EXPERIENCE DEVELOPMENT OF MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEMS MODELLING AND SIMULATION (RANS, LES, DNS, CHEMISTRY, simplified ANALYTICAL models) SYNERGY = SYNTHETIC VIEW AND UNDERSTANDING MEDIUM / FULL SCALE TESTING EXPERIMENTAL DIAGNOSTICS (LDA, CARS, LIF, PIV, practical SENSORS) EXPLOITATION

9 Final Aims Dynamics, Monitoring and Control of Combustion Instabilities in Gas Turbines - Proposal for a New EC Grant Funded Project - Operate Lean-Premixed GT combustors safely with low emissions. Enhance their load- & fuel- flexibility, efficiency and reliability. Increase machine availability, reducing downtime. Deliverables Reliable and practical design criteria, and operational guidelines. Key enabling technologies to monitor and control combustion dynamics. Actions A. Improve understanding of dynamics of thermo-acoustic instabilities under fuel- and load- variable conditions. B. Develop and implement advanced continuous monitoring systems. C. Develop and implement combustion control systems.

10 The Suggested Three Actions A. UNDERSTANDING Modern techniques, cooperation and networking Fuel- and load- flexibility: numerical and experimental studies. Users database: design criteria and operational guidelines. Numerical tools: integration in the design process. B. MONITORING Progress in sensor technology already available Sensor identification: key parameters for real-time monitoring. Instability precursors: early detection via signal analysis. Implementation: robustness, reliability, durability in medium / full scale plants. C. CONTROL Passive / Active / Reactive systems Development and testing of strategies: numerical and experimental studies. Development of parking strategies: minimum environmental load reduction. Implementation: robustness, reliability, durability in medium / full scale GTs.

11 Gantt Chart Project Proposal Project Cost 15M EURO

12 Next Steps Define a Working Group (some members already identified) ENEA, DLR, AEN, E.ON, TU/e, Oxsensis, GdF Suez / Laborelec: Pos. Pap. SIEMENS, Imperial College, COMOTI, TU Delft: Marie Curie Project. ENEL, GTRC, TU Berlin, Sheffield Un.,: Workshop in Rome. Cranfield Un., Bergamo Un., Vattenfall AB: expressed their interest in Berlin. Link up some ETN initiatives Horizon 2020 policy Advanced Sensor Technologies and Their Application in GT Monitoring Alex Winterburn [Oxsensis, TC 3-4] Fuel flexibility [AEN, TC 1-2],? Organize specific work meetings More concrete definition of the EU grant funded project. Definition of a smaller start-up project funded by industries.

13 Contact ITALIAN NATIONAL AGENCY FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES, ENERGY AND SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT UTTEI Unit of Advanced Technologies for Energy and Industry COMSO Sustainable Combustion Processes Laboratory Eugenio Giacomazzi Ph.D., Aeronautic Engineer Researcher ENEA C.R. Casaccia, UTTEI-COMSO, S.P. 081 Via Anguillarese, S. M. Galeria, ROMA ITALY Tel.: / 4690 Fax: Mobile Phone: eugenio.giacomazzi@enea.it Dynamics, Monitoring and Control of Combustion Instabilities in Gas Turbines Project Group (TC1-2) Thanks for your attention! Express your interest sending an to Eugenio.Giacomazzi@ENEA.it