Maria João Pereira CERENA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa

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1 Maria João Pereira CERENA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa SEMINÁRIO SOBRE "MINERAÇÃO DE ATERROS EM PORTUGAL: OPORTUNIDADE OU FICÇÃO CIENTÍFICA?" 1/26/2016 Eurelco European Enhanced Landfill Mining Consortium 1

2 INFOGRAPHICS PUBLISHED on-going work 21 oktober 2015 EURELCO SGA 2

3 In Portugal Present landfills urban waste - 32 industrial non hazardous waste related with quarries industrial hazardous waste - 5 (3 from mining activities) Closed landfills old dumpsites 341 sanitary landfills - 6 abandoned mines dejcaoceiroquinho.blogspot.com Source: Bernardo Rafael 26/01/2016 EURELCO European Enhanced Landfill Mining Consortium 3

4 Enhanced Landfill Mining In view of the development of a new circular economy package ELFM is considered: the safe conditioning, excavation and integrated valorization of (historic and/or future) landfilled waste streams as both materials (Waste-to-Material) and energy (Waste-to-Energy), using innovative transformation technologies and respecting the most stringent social and ecological criteria. 26/01/2016 EURELCO European Enhanced Landfill Mining Consortium 4

5 (Enhanced) Landfill Mining within a broader Recycling strategy 26/01/2016 EURELCO European Enhanced Landfill Mining Consortium 5

6 Enhanced Landfill Mining (ELFM) has gradually obtained more coverage and credibility in the EU: Flanders: Multi-actor research consortium since Several national research projects are running in Flanders (IWT O&O ELFM, MIP ICON PLASMAT), Wallonia, the Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, Finland, the Baltic Region, Austria, etc. Construction EUROPEAN ENHANCED LANDFILL MINING Consortium in marcwww.eurelco.org EURELCO received EIP RMC Status ELFM to be part of new EIT KIC on Raw Materials 6

7 Nevertheless, acceptance of the concept and commercial breakthrough of ELFM less straightforward than for urban mining of critical metals Non-technical barriers are manifest: Legal (e.g. Landfill Directive & Waste Framework Directive) Social acceptance (NIMBYISM) Economics (public versus private benefits) Resistance by several (traditional) industrial sectors 26/01/2016 EURELCO European Enhanced Landfill Mining Consortium 7

8 Establishment of EURELCO March 11, /01/2016 EURELCO European Enhanced Landfill Mining Consortium 8

9 Members 26/01/2016 EURELCO European Enhanced Landfill Mining Consortium 9

10 EURELCO Management Structure 26/01/2016 EURELCO European Enhanced Landfill Mining Consortium 10

11 EURELCO National ELFM Consortia Schematic diagram of the envisaged network of national ELFM Consortium networks 26/01/2016 EURELCO European Enhanced Landfill Mining Consortium 11

12 CERENA (Instituto Superior Técnico Lisbon University) Multidisciplinary Funded by private companies, public institutions and FCT (UID/ECI/04028/2013) Multi-scale Integrative 1/26/2016 Eurelco European Enhanced Landfill Mining Consortium 12

13 Mission and vision 26/01/2016 EURELCO European Enhanced Landfill Mining Consortium 13

14 Mission. To be a an open, quadruple helix network that supports the required technological, legal, social, economic, environmental and organisational innovation with respect to Enhanced Landfill Mining within the context of a transition to a circular, low carbon economy. 26/01/2016 EURELCO European Enhanced Landfill Mining Consortium 14

15 Enhanced Landfill Mining transdisciplinary science Quadruple Helix Innovation Government, Academia, Industry and Citizens collaborating together to drive structural changes far beyond the scope of any one organisation could achieve on it s own Involve all stakeholders in quadruple helix to innovate and experiment in real world settings, in creating frictionless ecosystems 26/01/2016 EURELCO European Enhanced Landfill Mining Consortium 15

16 Vision. By 2020 Enhanced Landfill Mining is implemented EU wide as a key component of a resource efficient, circular and low carbon economy. The EU s to landfills provide for a substantial part of the EU s material, energy and land needs. ELFM has paved the way for breakthrough exploration, separation, transformation and upcycling technologies that are also used for recycling/urban mining of newly produced waste and residues. 26/01/2016 EURELCO European Enhanced Landfill Mining Consortium 16

17 ELFM potential 26/01/2016 EURELCO European Enhanced Landfill Mining Consortium 17

18 Impact of ELFM on a EU-scale (see Jones et al., 2013) Economic benefits Avoidance of landfill remediation costs: 0,1-1 trillion (if ELMIRE is used for all EU-landfills) A new resource recovery economy, with significant short, medium and long term potential for EU SMEs in EU-27 and in the rest of the world: CH 4 extraction (in situ); Organic based materials (WtM or WtE) (ex situ); Metals (ex situ); Materials for building and construction (ex situ) Recovery of valuable land (in situ or ex situ) 26/01/2016 EURELCO European Enhanced Landfill Mining Consortium 18

19 Impact of ELFM on a EU-scale (see Jones et al., 2013) Strategic benefits Improve the EU s materials autonomy through resource recovery: Reducing pressure on primary raw materials (fossil fuels and non-energy raw materials) Fostering the use of secondary raw materials: Aggregate figure: Up to 5% of the current DMC/year for EU-27, for 25 years Plasmarok slag (a.o. replacement for cement clinker): Mtonne for 25 years Improve the EU s energy autonomy through resource recovery: Contributing to the EU s renewable energy target through accelerated CH 4 uptake through in situ LFM: 7 million TOE ~3% of the EU-27 renewable energy target for 2020) Contributing to EU s renewable energy target (WtE from SRF (mixed organic) from ex situ LFM: an additional 0,4-1,1 million TOE ) Building up on more sustainable production and consumption patterns Founding of a world-leading European competence centre on Effective Landfill Mining 26/01/2016 EURELCO European Enhanced Landfill Mining Consortium 19

20 Impact of ELFM on a EU-scale (see Jones et al., 2013) Health and environment Lower the EU s carbon footprint (benchmark with direct EU-27 CO2(eq) emissions: 4600 Mtonne CO2(eq)/year): Avoided CO2(eq) emissions due to in situ CH4 mining of Mtonne/year; Avoided CO2(eq) emissions due to net carbon balance, from a full EU-27 ex situ LFM approach (versus in situ only approach, for landfills): extra Mtonne CO2(eq)/year With carbon sequestration techniques, this overall CO2(eq.) benefit can be significantly increased. Plasmarok slag replacing cement clinker: 3-11 Mtonne CO2(eq)/year Use of CO2 in horticulture (not addressed in ELMIRE) Carbon Capture and Storage or Enhanced Coal Bed Methane for WtE facility (not ELMIRE s scope) Land reclamation ( > km², available for nature, urban, industrial etc. purposes) Avoiding human health and environmental issues in the future due to landfill pollution problems Reducing environmental & health impact associated with primary mining of energy and non-energy materials 26/01/2016 EURELCO European Enhanced Landfill Mining Consortium 20

21 Impact of ELFM on a EU-scale (see Jones et al., 2013) Social benefits Creation of new jobs associated with the start-up of new, SME-driven markets: Up to 800 FTE new jobs for the Remo landfill site (ex situ mining) Up to new jobs in EU-27 (for full implementation of ELMIRE framework) Generation of transition management expertise relevant to other SCP domains as well 26/01/2016 EURELCO European Enhanced Landfill Mining Consortium 21

22 26/01/2016 EURELCO European Enhanced Landfill Mining Consortium 22

23 Muito obrigada! 26/01/2016 EURELCO European Enhanced Landfill Mining Consortium 23