HELCOM BSAP. Prepared by Maria Laamanen and Samuli Korpinen HELCOM Secretariat

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1 HELCOM role in MSFDimplementation and relation to the HELCOM BSAP Prepared by Maria Laamanen and Samuli Korpinen HELCOM Secretariat

2 Helsinki Commission - HELCOM Works towards: protection of the Baltic marine environment from all sources of pollution implementation of the Helsinki Convention 1974/1992 Priority issues: Eutrophication, Hazardous substances, Biodiversity and nature protection, Environmentally friendly shipping and maritime activities BSAP: Good Environmental Status by 2021

3 HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan

4 HELCOM s role in the Baltic Environmental policy maker developing common objectives and actions Environmental focal point for the Baltic Sea Actions Policy advice Status Reports Management Concrete targets Coordinating body Scientific Assessments Coordinated monitoring Science

5 Structure of HELCOM Fisheries/Environmental Forum Agriculture/Environmental Forum HELCOM/VASAB Working Group Cooperation Platform on Port Reception Facilities Secretariat Helsinki Commission Denmark, Estonia, European Community, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden Heads of Delegations HELCOM MONAS HELCOM HABITAT HELCOM LAND HELCOM MARITIME HELCOM RESPONSE HELCOM GEAR 0 Working groups and projects Seminars, workshops, informal expert meetings

6 HELCOM GEAR: the regional coordination platform for MSFD The 2010 HELCOM Ministerial Meeting decided that HELCOM will be the coordination platform for the implementation of the MSFD. Work under HELCOM GEAR steers the development of: HELCOM core indicators (2012-) HELCOM revised Monitoring and Assessment Strategy (in 2013) providing a strategy for a joint coordinated monitoring system...monitoring Programme (by 2014, method manuals by 2015), Programmes of Measures (by 2016), basing on the Baltic Sea Action Plan and Ministerial Declarations, especially the nutrient load reduction scheme

7 HELCOM work for the implementation of the MSFD: HELCOM Initial Holistic Assessment of the Ecosystem Health of the Baltic Sea initial assessment An overview of the ecosystem health of the Baltic Sea in , including status, pressures and economic analysis A baseline for assessing the effectiveness of the implementation of the measures of the HELCOM BSAP Facilitation of the implementation of the MSFD in the Baltic Sea region, especially production of the initial assessment

8 HELCOM work for the implementation of the MSFD: initial assessment What is the status? Eutrophication Secchi (m) Chlorophyll a (µg L-1)

9 HELCOM work for the implementation of the MSFD: initial assessment What is the status? Biodiversity and nature conservation Status of biodiversity is impoverished in all other parts of the Baltic Sea except the Gulf of Bothnia and some coastal pockets Status of biodiversity is changing in a direction that is weakening the capacity of the ecosystem to provide valuable goods and services

10 DDE - PCB HELCOM work for the implementation of the MSFD: initial assessment What is the status? Hazardous substances mean productivity Year

11 HELCOM core indicators to coherent monitoring data and assessments A lesson learnt from the thematic assessments: need for common indicators with harmonized sampling and analyses! HELCOM core indicators: First set is to be adopted in June 2013, Backbone of assessments and coordinated monitoring, Enable coordinated Baltic-wide assessment results, Regular annual updating of webbased core indicator reports, Addresses BSAP+MSFD assessment needs, Enables the follow up and efficiency of management measures! Relations of BSAP and MSFD objectives support each other

12 Marine mammals Waterbirds Fish Zooplankton Seabed Non-indigenous spp. Waterbirds Seabed Substances + contaminant effects Pharmaceuticals + contaminant effects All HELCOM core indicators and pre-core indicators. Links provide access to the draft core indicator reports. Core indicators for biodiversity and food webs 1 Population growth rates, abundance and distribution of marine mammals 2 Pregnancy rates of marine mammals 3 Nutritional status of seals 4 Number of drowned mammals and waterbirds in fishing gears 5 Abundance of waterbirds in the wintering season 6 Abundance of waterbirds in the breeding season 8 White-tailed eagle productivity 9 Abundance of key fish species 10 Abundance of fish key functional groups 11 Proportion of large fish in the community 12 Abundance of sea trout spawners and parr 13 Abundance of salmon spawners and smolt 14 Zooplankton mean size and total abundance 15 State of the soft-bottom macrofauna communities 16 Population structure of long-lived macrozoobenthic species 19 Red-listed benthic biotopes 20 Trends in arrival of new non-indigenous species Pre-core indicators for biodiversity and food webs 7 Number of waterbirds being oiled annually 17 Lower depth distribution limit of macrophyte species 18 Cumulative impact on benthic habitats 21 Extent and distribution of benthic biotopes [no draft yet available] Core indicators hazardous substances and their effects 21 Polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDE): BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153 and Hexabromocyclododacene (HBCD) 23 Perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS) 24 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and dioxins and furans: CB-28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153 and ; Polyaromatic WHO-TEQ hydrocarbons of dioxins, furans and their +dl-pcbs metabolites: US EPA 16 PAHs / selected metabolites. 26 Metals (lead, cadmium and mercury) 27 Radioactive substances: Caesium-137 in fish and surface waters 28 Tributyltin (TBT) and imposex Pre-core indicators for hazardous substances and their effects 29 Pharmaceuticals: Diclofenac, EE2 (+E1, E2, E3 + in vitro yeast essay?) 30 Lysosomal Membrane Stability a toxic stress indicator 31 Fish diseases a fish stress indicator 32 Micronuclei test a genotoxicity indicator 33 Reproductive disorders: Malformed eelpout and amphipod embryos

13 HELCOM work for the monitoring programmes HELCOM MORE project ( ) to revise the HELCOM Monitoring and Assessment Strategy and to revise the joint coordinated monitoring programme. Revised M&A Strategy for endorsement by HOD 41/2013 in June 2013, Work plan for reviewing the monitoring programme , Structure and web-based documentation of the monitoring programme by 2013, Monitoring manual as fact sheets for sampling and analysis methods updated and prepared during Photo: Samuli Korpinen

14 HELCOM work for the MSFD Programme of measures Analysis of numerous anthropogenic pressures on the marine environment in the Initial Holistic Assessment (data ) Work plan being developed currently by HELCOM GEAR: Elements for consideration 1. Baltic Sea Action Plan as the basis for measures and actions in the Baltic Sea, 2. Inventory of existing measures, level of their implementation and whether the measures are still valid and necessary. 3. Coherence of national programmes of measures of HELCOM Contracting Parties, including countries. 4. The WFD river basin management plans (next round by 2015): coherence should be sought at a regional level for them to take into account the need to reach GES for marine waters. 5. Regional core measures: e.g. a common set of core actions and measures, such as the BSAP load reduction scheme and action to reach an ecologically coherent network of marine protected areas. 6. Cost-efficiency of measures requires regional perspective. 7. Quantifying certain targets, newer targets, as a joint activity could be a future activity with the aim to subsequently set joint measures. 8. The Ministerial Meeting in October should address the regional coordination of programmes of measures. Bottom trawling Underwater noise Shipping Airborne N

15 Load reduction sheme: Maximum Allowable Inputs (MAI) and Country Allocated Reduction Targets (CART) BSAP 2007 Secchi was the main target upon which MAI were built Calculations of MAI were done with the semiempirical SANBALTS model MAI was only given for the land loads Review 2013 Several targets (including oxygen debt) with a stronger scientific basis (TARGREV) A mechanistic model (BALTSEM) was used to calculate new MAI and proper peer-reviewed model documentation, including comparisons with other Baltic Sea models Updated, more reliable and flow-corrected load data Inclusion of atmospheric loads of nitrogen into the system New county-allocation system where the shares and reduction targets are based on current loads from the countries Bo Gustavsson/BNI

16 Marine Protected Areas We have reached the 10 % target for the regional network of marine protected areas set by the UN CBD COP7 The current network of protected areas covers about 12% of the Baltic marine area The network is not yet ecologically coherent It is still not well-managed Could be seen as a backbone of transboundary Maritime Spatial Planning Buildings (terrestrial) Constructions (marine) Cables and pipelines Shipping and navigation Fishing Hunting Harvesting Tourism and recreation Traffic infrastructure Military activities Research Aquaculture/mariculture Extraction of resources Dredging Dumping Land based activities Installation of wind-farms Permission needed Restricted Forbidden no. of entries

17 HELCOM work for fish/fisheries HELCOM FISH/ENV forum: Discussion and co-operation forum for environmental and fisheries authorities, Project BALTFIMPA: fisheries management within MPAs, Workshop on ecosystem-based fisheries in the context of the broadscale MSP on November 2013 by HELCOM in cooperation with the PartiSEApate project HELCOM FISH-PRO for coastal fish assessments: Expert network to coordinate monitoring and assessments. Photo: Samuli Korpinen

18 HELCOM SEAL for marine mammal co-operation BSAP requires management plans for seals by 2012: Denmark Estonia Finland Germany Latvia Lithuania Poland Russia Sweden Management plan YES YES YES NO NO NO Under development NO Under development : focus in ringed seal in Gulf of Finland, Gulf of Riga and Archipelago Sea.

19 HELCOM work for MSP HELCOM/VASAB Marine Spatial Planning WG: Platform for intergovernmental dialogue on MSP in the Baltic region, is the Steering Committee of the EU SBSR Horizontal Action Spatial Planning, PartiSEApate project (Multilevel Governance in Maritime Spatial Planning throughout the Baltic Sea Region), a Joint HELCOM-VASAB MSP WG Report to be submitted to the Ministerial Meetings as a background document, Regional Baltic MSP Roadmap for the Ministerial Meetings Photo: Samuli Korpinen

20 Thank you!