National Level Strategy for Infrastructure Development in Japan

Transcription

1 National Level Strategy for Infrastructure Development in Japan Takeshi MUGISHIMA Assistant Vice-Minister Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

2 Changes in GDP per Capita in Japan Rapid economic growth 単位 :$/ 人 ($/capita) 50,000 45, Steady growth Maturation 2010 (43,150) 40, (37,634) 35,000 30,000 25, (25,388) Fourth hurdle ($25,000) 第 4 の壁 ( $25,00 0) 20,000 15,000 10,000 5, (478) 1970 (2,010) 1980 (9,377) Third hurdle ($15,000) 第 3 の壁 ( $15,0 00) Second hurdle ($5,000) 第 2 の壁 ( $ 5,000) First hurdle ($1,000) 第 1 の壁 ( $1,000)

3 Changes in Main Challenges and Policies Rapid economic growth Shortage of residences due to population concentration in urban areas. Shortage of infrastructure (electricity, water, etc.) due to rapid urbanization. Emergence of environmental problems, such as air/water pollution. Steady growth Addressing needs for a high-quality housing environment, accompanied with improved living standard. Escalation of traffic jams due to progressive motorization Rise of low-use/unused land due to changes in the industrial structure Increased awareness of environmental issues Maturation Addressing needs for urban development with less environmental load Decreased vitality in central urban areas, due to low birth rate, population aging, and population decline Utilization of the aging housing stock 1 Decentralization of urban function 2 Provision of a large amount of residences 3 Legal system development for materializing the urban policies 4 Improvement of housing performance level 5 Enhancement of public transportation 6 Development of Brown Fields 7 Effort for resource circulation 8 Implementation of a Smart City 9 Town development for compact city plus network 10 Revitalization of the housing stock

4 National Spatial Development Plans of Japan Date of Appro val Target Year F e a t u r e s Comprehensive National Development Plan National Spatial Strategy 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 1 st 2nd October 1962 May 1969 November Around 1987 Harmonized development between the regions Creation of regional industrial hubs Creation of a better environment Designing megaproject Comprehensive development of environment for human settlements Designing functional regions for living June 1987 Around 2000 Development of a polycentric territorial structure Creating interactive networks among Region October 1998 July Around 2018 Building the foundation for a multi-axial structure of the territory Exchanging participative and collaborative practices Development to encourage the selfsustainable efforts of individual Regional blocks toward the creation of comfortable living environment August 2015 Around 2025 Stratified and resilient Compact and networked structure

5 Japan s Postwar Infrastructure Development 1960 s Events 1964 Inauguration of Tokaido Shinkansen (between Tokyo and Osaka) 1965 Inauguration of the entire Meishin Expressway (between Hyogo and Aichi) 1970 s 1969 Inauguration of Kasima Port (in Ibaraki) 1969 Inauguration of the entire Tomei Expressway (between Tokyo and Aichi) 1972 Inauguration of Sanyo Shinkansen (between Osaka and Okayama) 1975 Inauguration of Sanyo Shinkansen (between Okayama and Fukuoka) 1975 Inauguration of Oi Container Terminal (at Tokyo Port) 1978 Inauguration of Narita Airport (in Chiba)

6 Japan s Postwar Infrastructure Development Highway Shinkansen Airports (with runway more than 2,000 meters long) Length / Area km km 5 areas Highway Shinkansen Airports (with runway more than 2,000 meters long) Length / Area km km 66 areas

7 Priority Plan for Infrastructure Development Nine plans were formulated by project area: Setting the project amount by each plan Traffic Flood Ports/ Urban Steep Roads Safety Airports Sewage manage Coasts Harbors parks slope facilities -ment Unified into 1 infrastructure development plan Priority Plan for Infrastructure Development (Act on Priority Plan for Infrastructure Development Act No.20 of 2003) 1 st Priority Plan (from FY2003 to FY2007), 2 nd Priority Plan (from FY2008 to FY2012), 3 rd Priority Plan (from FY2012 to FY2016), 4 th Priority Plan (from FY2015 to FY2020) Major planning matters - Priority objectives regarding the implementation of the infrastructure development projects during the period for the plan - Overview of the infrastructure development projects that should be implemented in an intensive, effective and efficient manner during the period for the plan in order to accomplish the priority objectives. - Measures for implementing the infrastructure development projects in an intensive, effective and efficient manner, etc.

8 4 th Priority Plan for Infrastructure Development 1. Four structural issues faced by the infrastructure development [Cabinet Decision on September 18, 2015] Vulnerability of land (pressing issues for massive earthquakes and severe weather disasters) Impoverished local economies due to decreased population Rapid aging of infrastructure Intensified international economic competition 2. Basic policies toward the sustainable infrastructure development (1) Strategic infrastructure management aiming at maximizing the Stock Effects of the infrastructure 1) Strategic Maintenance including integration and reorganization 2) Thorough and effective use of the existing facilities (smart use) 3) Select and focus on the projects with high Stock Effects Clarification of the time line Contribution to both economic revival and fiscal consolidation Proactive approach to PPP/PFI (2) Securing and training skilled construction engineers and technicians to maintain the sites of the infrastructure development based on the priority plan (3) Securing stable and sustainable public investment for appropriate implementation of the priority plan

9 Stock Effects of infrastructure The Stock Effects of infrastructure are divided into the following three effects: A) Safety and security effect B) Effect of life quality improvement C) Effect of improved productivity Effects through infrastructure improvement Flow Effects Creation of productive activities Stimulation of employment Effects of infrastructure Stock Effects Expansion of consumption by income increases Safety and security effect Earthquake-proof performance improvement Reduction of flood damage, etc. Effect of life quality improvement Improvement of living conditions Amenity enhancement, etc. Effect of improved productivity Reduction of travel time Reduction of transportation cost Increase of freight handling volume, etc.

10 Example of Stock Effect Ken-O (Metropolitan Inter-City) Expressway FY2015 Opened on March FY2015 In the sections opened earlier in the Ken-O Expressway, the value of manufactured goods shipped has increased., Growth rate of value of manufactured goods shipped Hamura City 166% <Location example> Logisquare Kuki Total floor space: approx. 43,800 m 2 Completion: to be completed in summer 2016 Iruma City 137% Hidaka City 124% Hinodecho 120% Saitama Prefecture + Tokyo Metropolis 103% Source: Census of Manufacturers Opened on June Opening Work underway FY2017 Opened on June Opening Opened on March Land value increase, more than average of the prefecture which the each area belongs Ebina (Kanagawa Prefecture) about 3 times the value Kuki (Saitama Prefecture) about 4 times the value Trend of land price in the surrounding area of the Ken-O Land Price Changes:% Expressway (Ebina 9-1, Kuki 9-1) Number of newly established corporations Established Roads Express highway Work Underway Designated National Highway National Highway 1 ~ 2 To be established 3 ~ 4 (as of Sept. 2014) 5 or more Opened on March FY2020 Average land price of the industrial lands in Kanagawa Prefecture Ebina 9-1 Average land price of the industrial lands in Saitama Prefecture Kuki 9-1 Opening between Ebina and Sagamihara-Aikawa in March 2013 Opening between Sagamihara-Aikawa and Takaosan in June 2014 Source: Land Market Value Publication (MLIT)

11 National Spatial Strategy ( ) Japan s future picture as national spatial development target (1) A country where people can feel safe and affluent (2) A vigorous country sustaining economic growth (3) A country exerting a strong presence in the international community Trends of the Times and Challenges Involving National Land Diversification of Lifestyles Changes in National Land Space Basic National Land Concept Developing National Land Promoting Interaction- Led Regional Revitalization: Interaction as Source of Japan's Vitality Multi-layered, resilient compact and networked structure for developing national land promoting interaction-led regional revitalization Correcting Excess Concentration in Tokyo and Positioning the Tokyo Metropolitan Region Symbiosis between Urban and Rural Communities through Mutual Contributions Interaction : Resources and cooperation Rich agriculture, forestry and fisheries resources Knowledge accumulation Interaction <ICT diffusion in agriculture, forestry and fisheries> <Biotechnology> Research/education regions Interaction Overseas Overseas Interaction Rural regions Interaction <Innovation through industry-academia cooperation> Interaction <Cooperation among primary, secondary and tertiary industries> <Agriculture-commerce-industry cooperation> Urban regions Interaction Overseas Manufacturing technologies / Commercial functions

12 International Urban Cities in Southwestern Metropolitan Area Ome Ken-o Expressway between Tokyo Pref. and Kanagawa Pref. was opened in 2014 Hachioji New Station of Linear Chuo Shinkansen Mizuho Tachikawa Atsugi Hino Sagamihara Kanagawa Prefecture Ebina Machida Tokyo Metropolitan Prefecture Tama Shinjuku Sta. Shinagawa Sta. Linear Chuo Shinkansen (will open in 2027) Haneda Airport Port of Yokohama Tokaido Shinkansen Cities populations (thousand people) Ome 137 Mizuho 34 Tachikawa 179 Hachioji 563 Hino 183 Tama 148 Machida 427 Sagamihara 724 Atsugi 225 Ebina 129 Total about 2.8 million people colleges public research institutions Local railways Expressway Osaka Nagoya 2.7 million 2.3 million

13 G7 Transport Ministers Meeting 2016 The G7 Ministers of Transport and European Commissioner for Transport adopted the following Declaration regarding Infrastructure. Basic Strategy for Developing New Transport Infrastructure and Renovating Aging and Deteriorated Transport Infrastructure (Excerpt) We, the G7 Ministers of Transport and European Commissioner for Transport, confirm that the G7 Ise-Shima Principles for Promoting Quality Infrastructure Investment endorsed at G7 Ise-Shima Summit, provides sound guiding principles for investment in transport infrastructure. With regard to new projects, we recognize the importance of planned, continuous and sufficient future investment focusing on so-called stock effects, including improved safety, disaster risk reduction impacts, better environmental performance, more sustainable transport and mid- to long-term positive impacts on economic growth, while increasing private investment, tourism and employment. We also recognize the importance of properly understanding the diversified and mid- to long-term stock effects on the economy, the environment and the society to lead to further improvements in transport infrastructure.

14 Infrastructure Demand Around the World Around the World (Present Demand) 2300 billion US dollar/ year Source: OECD (2011) Around the World (Future Demand) 5.7 trillion US dollar/ year by 2030 Includes Infrastructure demand for Railroads, Ports, Airports, Roads, Energy, Network Communication, Electricity, Water Service. Source:McKinsey Global Institute (2013) Asia 80 billion US dollar/ year Africa 68 billion US dollar/ year Source:ADB(2009) Source: AfDB (2016) Includes Infrastructure demand for Railroads, Ports, Airports, Roads, Energy, Network Communication, Electricity, Water Service. Includes Infrastructure demand for Transport, Network Communication, Electricity, Water Service, Irrigation.

15 Infrastructure Demand and Investment Around the World 1 Billion US Dollars (2011) Infrastructure Demand Expected Investment South Asia Latin America Source: Fernanda Ruiz-Nunez and Zichao Wei (2015) Infrastructure Investment Demands in Emerging Markets and Developing Economies China East Asia and Pacific Region (except China) Europe And Central Asia Sub- Sahara Africa Middle East And Northern Africa