Stanford s Energy Story Present and Future

Transcription

1 Stanford s Energy Story Present and Future

2 Leadership in Sustainability at Stanford The Initiative on Environment and Sustainability Research Themes Strategic Collaborations Interdisciplinary Training innovation Institutional Practice of Sustainability Sustainable Stanford: university-wide effort to reduce Stanford s environmental impact and preserve resources through innovation and best practices.

3 Stanford s Sphere of Influence & Responsibility Top Ten CleanTech Universities in the U.S. for 2010 Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif. Stanford University is on the cutting edge of clean technology. Stanford has developed an ambitious, long-range, $250 million initiative to sharply reduce the university's energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. The university also has established a $100 million research institute, the Precourt Institute for Energy, to focus on energy issues (see Stanford launches $100M energy research institute). More than $30 million in yearly funding is now spent on energy research at the university. Stanford Technology Ventures Program (STVP) is the entrepreneurship center at Stanford's School of Engineering. STVP is dedicated to accelerating high-technology entrepreneurship education and creating scholarly research on technology-based firms that, in turn, provides new insights for students, scholars and business leaders. Notable cleantech spinouts: Amprius, Nanostellar, Rolith, D.light Design, Driptech, and Veranda Solar.

4 The Sustainable Stanford Ecosystem Stanford Infrastructure & Systems Institutional & Individual Choices

5 Long Term Energy & Climate Plan Infrastructure to Support Academic Mission Expansion for Campus Growth Successor for Cardinal Cogen (2015) Reduce Environmental Footprint Greenhouse Gas Emissions Declining Water Supply Imminent Regulations Sustainability Leadership innovation Economic Viability Gas price increases & volatility Monetization of carbon emissions Water cost quadrupling

6 Energy and Climate Plan - Approach innovation

7 Energy Efficiency in New Building Design

8 Stanford s New Construction Standards Require that new buildings be designed to use at least 30% less energy and 25% less water than standard buildings of the same type Based on lifecycle cost analysis of energy demand on campus LEED Gold Equivalent Jasper Ridge Field Station Recipient of the AIA/COTE Top Green Projects Award Carnegie Global Ecology Research Center Recipient of the AIA/COTE Top Green Projects Award Jerry Yang and Akiko Yamazaki Environment and Energy (Y2E2) Building

9 Science and Engineering Quad Environment and Energy Building (2008) Science and Engineering Center (2010) Nano Technology Center (2011) Bio/Chem Engineering (2014) Before: 149,000 GSF After: 545,000 GSF

10 Y2E2: Built to Conserve, Inspire & Teach In keeping with its curriculum, the vision for Y2E2 is that of an icon sustainable building that does more than simply bring accolades to the campus. Pushing the envelope of technology: itself designed and intended to be a teaching tool, the Y2E2 building will inspire students to take the next steps towards a sustainable future. Vision Statement Excerpt

11 Utility Conservation Results Energy Meets calibrated design goal to use 42% less energy than ASHRAE %-50% less energy intense than equivalent Stanford buildings (mixed use office/ classroom / laboratory) Water Met design goal to use 90% less potable water than EPAct 2005 Uses recycled water for flushing low-flow toilets and urinals Lake water irrigates native & adaptive landscape plantings

12 Lasting Impacts on Stanford Guidelines Project Delivery Process Heartbeat (2001) Stanford Sustainability Guidelines (March 2002) Seismic Design Guidelines (Feb 2003) Project Cost and Efficiency Benchmarks (Sept 2003) Guidelines for Lifecycle Cost Analysis (Oct 2005) Revised in 2010 Revised in 2008 Board-approved, tried, tested, proven.

13 Current Y2E2 energy consumption compared to energy code confirms the savings modeled during design. Understanding Performance is Key

14 Energy Conservation in Existing Buildings

15 Energy Consumption at Stanford 700 major buildings 14.2 million SF Annually consume about: 200 million kwh 850 million lbs steam 50 million ton-hrs CW About $60 million in energy costs

16 Typical Energy Consumption Pumps 0% Heating 9% Heating Lighting 28% Cooling 34% Lab Building Cooling Fans Equipment Lighting Pumps Equipment 23% Fans 6% Equipment 10% Lighting 5% DHW 5% Pumps 1% Office Building Heating Cooling Fans Equipment Lighting DHW Pumps Fans 18% Cooling 24% Heating 37%

17 Approach to Energy Efficiency in Existing Bldgs Technology Specific Promote individual measures with broad application Leverage multiple channels to implement measures Building Specific Focus on specific project opportunities Develop comprehensive solutions Large investment opportunities Operational Behavioral

18 Technology Specific Approach Types of efficiency measures Lighting High efficiency motors LED exit signs Motor drives Window film Refrigerator & Freezer replacements Server room cooling upgrades Centralized chilled water conversions Room temperature sample storage

19 Technology Specific Approach Example Energy Retrofit Program Started in 1993 $10 million in incentives 330+ projects completed Over 240 million kwh saved Over 1 year s worth of total campus consumption Average project payback less than 4 years

20 Building Specific Approach Top 200 Campus Energy Users Sorted by Dollars

21 Building Specific Approach Types of projects Lab ventilation control Direct Digital Control upgrades Humidification

22 Building Specific Approach Example Whole Building Energy Retrofit Program Initiate 12 Building study in 2004 First project completed in projects complete to-date Invested over $15 million Qualified for $2.3 million in utility rebates Saving $3 million in energy costs per year Reduce campus energy consumption by 5% Additional $15 million budgeted for more buildings

23 Operational Approach Monitoring Find excessive use Maintenance Recommissioning Controls

24 Controls Controls Air Handler Level

25 Controls Zone Level

26 Controls Zone Level

27 The Future of Energy Conservation Data management and analysis Enable near real-time monitoring based commissioning Further control precision Enable individual zones to be virtually autonomous Integrate building demand management with supply management Smarter scheduling Automated demand reductions

28 Greening Energy Supply

29 Why Heat Recovery is Possible We heat & cool buildings at the same time Cooling is just the collection of unwanted heat Stanford can recover 65% of the heat now discharged from the cooling system to meet 80% of campus heating demands. Summer Source: Stanford University Draft Energy & Climate Plan (April 2009) Spring & Fall Heat Recovery Winter Heat Recovery Heat Recovery

30 Waste Heat Being Discarded from Cardinal Cogeneration Plant

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34 Heat Recovery Potential Cooling Heating

35 CEF Replacement Options Options recommended fall into 2 categories: 1. Import electricity from grid, or 2. Make electricity on-campus using natural gas 2.a. Cogeneration options 2.b. Stand alone power/thermal generation options To Gas or Not To Gas is biggest question: Long term gas prices are prime variable controlling life cycle cost Other key cost variables include: Market electricity prices and spark spread to gas prices GHG costs and application PG&E Exit Fees

36 Long Term Gas Prices

37 Market Electricity Prices & Spark Spread

38 GHG Cost Family of Forecasts below California Cap & Trade first year range set at $10/ton to $40/ton Source: Energy Strategies, Inc- Stanford Energy Plan Peer Review (Mar 2009)

39 Important Secondary Considerations Water supply Energy Portfolio Diversity Flexibility to Change Environmental Impact & Sustainability Leadership Impact to campus during transformation

40 Campus Irrigation to LW GUP measures SFPUC service began 1960 Current Allocation = 3.03 mgd

41 Energy Portfolio Diversity

42 Flexibility to Change

43 Environmental Impact

44 Changing in Phases Source: Stanford University Draft Energy & Climate Plan (April 2009)

45 Options Studied 1. Cardinal to Extend existing Cardinal Cogen plant to 2020 then implement Option 3- new Stanford owned and operated steam cogen plant. 2. 3P Cogen- Third Party owns and operates an on-campus gas fired cogeneration plant and sells electricity, steam, and chilled water services to the university. 3. Cogeneration (Steam or Hot water)- Stanford constructs, owns, and operates a gas fired cogeneration plant similar to the existing plant that does not incorporate heat recovery from the chilled water system. The Hot Water option includes conversion of campus steam distribution system to hot water for partial efficiency gains but does not include heat recovery. 4. Hygen (GT) - A cogeneration/heat recovery hybrid based on gas turbine technology that intertwines the power plant with the heat recovery plant for added efficiency, but which eliminates the modularity offered by the stand alone HR + GT option. 5. Hygen (IC) - A hybrid like #4 but using advanced gas fired reciprocating engines instead of a gas fired turbine. 6. HR + (GT or IC)- Heat recovery plant plus conversion of steam distribution system to hot water, with a stand-alone on-site gas fired power plant based on either gas turbine or reciprocating engine technology to supply electricity instead of importing it from the grid. 7. HR + GSHE- Heat Recovery Option 8 with an open loop Ground Source Heat Exchange (GSHE) system to handle the excess winter heat and summer cooling loads that cannot be handled by heat recovery. 8. HR + DA- Stanford converts the steam distribution system to hot water and constructs, owns, and operates an electrically powered heat recovery plant that extracts and reuses waste heat from the chilled water system to provide hot water and chilled water services to the university. Electricity to power the plant and the rest of the campus is imported from the grid under Direct Access. 9. SHP- A Separate Heat & Power plant of gas boilers and electric chillers with imported power.

46 Options Levelized at Current Commodity Prices Best on-site gas option Best imported power option

47 A Closer Look at the Best Options Best on-site gas option Best imported power option Includes $900 million for capital, fuel, and O&M for on-site gas fired power plant over 35 years $900 million is substantial could it pay for a renewable electricity plant for our power instead?

48 Cost of 100% On-Site PV for Power On-site PV solar electricity is better as long as 30% federal grants are still available (extended through 2011) but would require huge up-front capital, 1,100 acres initially and grow to 1,500 acres by 2050

49 To Gas or Not To Gas? The benefit of renewable power to the owner grows as gas and electricity prices rise over time Gas and electricity prices likely to always rise faster than general inflation over long term

50 Option Recommended: Not to Gas but keep option open HR + GSHE: Heat Recovery + Ground Source Heat Exchange Convert steam distribution system to hot water Convert ~125 buildings on steam loop Locate new Heat Recovery Plant on west side of campus Design & Prepare for, but defer, Plug and Play IC power plant option Clean Close Old CEF Site for Future Core Campus Development Seek to develop better long term electricity options than 100% gas But closely monitor costs and be prepared to move to gas if prudent

51 Long Term Energy & Climate Plan Infrastructure to Support Academic Mission Expansion for Campus Growth Successor for Cardinal Cogen (2015) Reduce Environmental Footprint Greenhouse Gas Emissions Declining Water Supply Imminent Regulations Sustainability Leadership innovation Economic Viability Gas price increases & volatility Monetization of carbon emissions Water cost quadrupling

52 Culture of Sustainability Institutional and Individual Behavior

53 Stanford Energy and Climate Plan Solution Wedges 53 5%-10% reduction in energy use though behavioral programs with education and incentives. This could be higher with technology support. 53

54 Building Level Behavioral Program (launched in 2010) Start with diagnosis, provide building report card Perform building audit and formulate easy and actionable to do tasks with savings information Provide leadership and coordination assistance Provide Incentives rewards and recognition Tie results to Stanford s emissions reduction initiative Perform payback analysis, and show sustained savings Train students through CEE/ES 109 and Office of sustainability Inform sustainability governance and guidelines

55 CEE/ES 109 Greening Building and Behavior Service learning class to produce student sustainability coordinators Work with Office of Sustainability as staff to assist and coordinate with building managers with $500/quarter stipend Upcoming rollouts: Sweet Hall Haas Center for Public Service This is a career step/try out for students

56 Building Level Sustainability Programs 14 buildings done 2 in progress 91 candidates If this makes sense, how should we scale?

57 Energy Consumption Trends Energy intensity at Stanford is now less than it was in Energy Intensity (MMBtu/GSF) Conservation is constantly outpaced by growth, but we stay ahead electricity steam chilled water total

58 Sustainability Dashboard Storey House

59 Huang and Nanoscale

60 Coming Soon at Y2E2 Y2E2 Pushing the envelope of technology: itself designed and intended to be a teaching tool, the Y2E2 building will inspire students to take the next steps towards a sustainable future. Vision Statement Excerpt ENERGY WATER WASTE Food TRANS PORTA TION

61 We Can Do Better Real-time and high-resolution electricity metering and feedback to encourage action in dormitories. Branch circuit meters and custom data logging software to power a web interface to show residents their power use and promotes energy-conscious living.

62 Influencing Campus Culture 62 62

63 Stanford s Sphere of Influence & Responsibility Sustainable Endowment Institute Top Tier: 2007, 2009, and 2010 Sierra Magazine: 26 th in 2009; 5 th Place in 2010, U.S. Green Building Council and Princeton Review: Guide to Green Colleges 2010 Discovery Communications: Top 10 in 2009

64 64 Thank you

65 Sustainability at Stanford Environment Economy Savings Equity & Society Institutional & Individual Choices Conservation

66 Office of Sustainability Institutionalizing Sustainability through Programs, Evaluations, Education and Outreach Evaluations & Reporting Behavioral Sustainability Programs Campus Campaigns Communication & Publication Academic Integration