The Plan. Universidade Positivo as Nucleus of an Eco Industrial Park. UP Faculty. Material Flow Management Summer School Curitiba 2010

Transcription

1 Material Flow Management Summer School Curitiba March Universidade Positivo as Nucleus of an Eco Industrial Park 1 Prof. Maurício Dziedzic 2 Master s Program in Environmental Management The Plan Dual certificate program UP/IfaS Existing capacity 3 4 Projects Thesis Work Discussion group Mindset IMAT The Students UP Faculty Teach Supervise Motivate Learn Attract projects 5 6 1

2 Our partner IfaS Universidade Positivo Guide Share Teach Supervise Attract projects Attract students Example Education Partner companies Attract projects Attract students The Companies The Public Sector Fund projects Seek symbiosis Interact with University Invest in R & D Fund students Cut costs... 9 Provide fiscal incentives Promote symbiosis Interact with University Promote R & D Fund public projects Fund students 10 Synergy A sustainable system far greater than the sum of the parts

3 Nature s Cycles Carbon Cycle Solar Energy Nitrogen Cycle Phosphorus Cycle Human Cycle? Can we change?

4 Energy Waste RRRR (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Recover) Industrial Ecology Maximize the economical use of waste materials and of products at the ends of their lives as inputs to other processes and industries Essentially mimics natural systems 21 $10.49 (09/mar/2010) 22 IE Cannons organisms in a mature ecosystem Use waste as a resource Diversify and cooperate to fully use the habitat Gather and use energy efficiently Optimize rather than maximize Use materials sparingly IE Cannons organisms in a mature ecosystem Don t foul their nests Don t draw down resources Remain in balance with the biosphere Run on information Shop locally

5 Economic Benefits of IE Hidden Resource Productivity Gains Within Firm: eliminating waste Making plant more efficient Within Value Chain: reducing costs Synergies between production and distribution Beyond Production Chain: closed loop Eco-Industrial Parks and inter-firm relations Benefits of IE to Corporation Revenue Generation Cost Savings Reduced Liabilities Competitive Edge of Regulatory Flexibility Enhanced Public Image Market Leader Barriers to Development Suitability of materials to reuse High cost of recycling (internalize negative externalities) Information Barriers (must set up reciprocal relationships between sectors) Organizational Obstacles Institutional Barriers (need fiscal and regulatory government intervention) Other names for IE Eco-industrial development Industrial symbiosis Byproduct synergy Area or regional metabolism Eco-industrial parks Science IE Kalundborg, Denmark pop 20,000 Journal of Industrial Ecology since spring 1997 Industrial Ecology Gordon Conference since 1998 International Society for Industrial Ecology since 2001 > 100 graduate programs 29 Industries exchange wastes Organization not planned originally First cooperation in 1960 (refinery) Second project 1970 (Gyproc) Other agreements 70 s 90 s 30 5

6 31 32 Inputs: Coal Power Plant Products Surplus gas from nearby Waste Gas refinery Coal Surplus gas from nearby refinery Cool Salt Water Electricity Steam + Heat Hot Salt Water Ash Gypsum Coal Power Plant steam + heat ash Gypsum Fuels Petroleum Steam Oil Refinery Gas Sulfur

7 Saves resources 30% better use of fuel: combined heat + power than producing separate Reduced oil consumption 3500 less oil-burning heaters in homes Does not drain fresh water supplies New source of raw materials Gypsum, sulfuric acid, fertilizer, fish farm Industrial Ecology in Kalundborg Energy Flows Excess gas: refinery Steam: Asnæs Gyproc, Asnæs city, Novo Nordisk, Statoil Salt Water: fjord (cold) Asnæs (hot) fish farm Energy Flows Energy Flows The district heating, encouraged by the city and Danish government, replaced about 3,500 oil furnaces (a significant non-point source of air pollution). The use of salt water reduces the withdrawals of fresh water from Lake Tissø Energy Flows In 1992, the power plant began substituting fuels, using surplus refinery gas in place of some coal. This only became possible after Statoil built a sulfur recovery unit to comply with regulations on sulfur emission; the gas was then clean enough to permit use at the power plant Materials Flows Fly ash: Asnæs Cement factory SO 2 : Asnæs (+CaCO 3 )=gypsum Liquid sulfur: Statoil Sludge: Novo Nordisk, fish farm Gyproc sulfuric acid producer (Kemira) farm (fertilizer) 41 Surplus yeast: Novo Nordisk (insulin) farm (pig food) 42 7

8 Material flow In 1976 the Novo-Nordisk plant started the pattern of materials flows, matching the evolving energy flows at Kalundborg. Material flow Supply of gypsum from Asnæs to Gyproc, accounts for 2/3 of the latter's needs Sludge from Novo Nordisk's processes and from the fish farm's water treatment plant to nearby farm as fertilizer is a large portion of the entire Kalundborg exchange network, totaling over 1 million tons per year Web of recycling and reuse generated new revenues and cost savings for the companies involved and reduced pollution to air, water, and land in the region. In ecological terms, Kalundborg = simple food web organisms consume each other's waste materials and energy, becoming interdependent. This inter-company reuse and recycling has reduced air, water, and ground pollution, conserved water and other resources, and generated new revenue streams from the byproducts exchanged. Through 1993, the $60 million investment in infrastructure (to transport energy and materials) has produced $120 million in revenues and cost-savings Lessons from Kalundborg All contracts have been negotiated on a bilateral basis Each contract has resulted from the conclusion by both companies involved that the project would be economically attractive Opportunities not within a company s core business, no matter how environmentally attractive, have not been acted upon Lessons from Kalundborg Each partner does its best to ensure that risks are minimized Each company evaluates their own deals independently; there is no system-wide evaluation of performance, and they all seem to feel this would be difficult to achieve

9 Jørgen Christensen, Vice President of Novo Nordisk at Kalundborg, identifies several conditions that are desirable for a similar web of exchanges to develop: Industries must be different and yet must fit each other Arrangements must be commercially sound and profitable Development must be voluntary, in close collaboration with regulatory agencies A short physical distance between the partners is necessary for economy of transportation (with heat and some materials) At Kalundborg, the managers at different plants all know each other The only thing that separates successful people from the ones who aren't is the willingness to work very, very hard. Helen Gurley Brown, American author, publisher and businesswoman. This quote is in honor of International Women's Day 51 Illustrations dRYo0xwTea5G7sFmlUuCHhJAIHyFXa/Panel6SolarSystem.jpg %5D.JPG R/bandeira_gde1.jpg Illustrations