Preliminary Study Report for Grant Aid Project

Transcription

1 Preliminary Study Report for Grant Aid Project Date 2010/04/13 1. Title of the Cooperation Project and Name of the Project Proponent 1.1 Title of the Cooperation Project The Project for Replacement of the Bridges on Trunk Road (Modjo, Awash and Gogecha Bridges) in the Federal Republic of Ethiopia 2. Categorization and its reason 2.1 Categorization: Category B 2.2 Reason (1) The possible adverse impacts are expected due to the project.. Among them, serious adverse impact (rating A according to JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations) is not expected and some adverse impact (rating B) are expected for the items in social environment (involuntary resettlement, land use and utilization of local resources, etc.), in natural environment (soil erosion, flora/fauna and biodiversity, etc.), and environmental pollution (air pollution, water pollution, etc.). However, those impacts can be avoided or minimized/mitigated by examination of the project plan including environmental management plan at the Outline Design Study stage and proper implementation of mitigation measures and monitoring. (2) Proposed projects for relocation of three bridges correspond to upgrading/rehabilitation of existing bridges, which may cause some adverse impacts but not likely to warrant a full EIA study. Thus the projects are categorized into those requiring an IEE according to both EIA guidelines of Ethiopian Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) and Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA). 3. Outline of the Location (Maps, Environmental and Social Condition, Problems and so on) 3.1 The Project areas Gogecha, Modjo and Awash Bridges are located at 35km, at 69 km and 225km respectively from Addis Ababa on t he A-1 trunk road from Addis Ababa to Djibouti Port. Location of three bridges and relevant project sites are shown in Map 1 and 2. Administrative Region/Zone/Woreda which three bridges belong to are shown in Table 1. Table 1 Administrative Region/Zone/Woreda of three bridges Region Zone Woreda Gogecha bridge Oromiya Region East Shewa Zone Akaki Woreda Modjo bridge Oromiya Region East Shewa Zone Lome Woreda Awash bridge Afar Region Administrative Zone 3 Awash Fentale Woreda Social environment (1) Population - Population (2007) of administrative Region/Zone/Woreda where three bridge sites are situated are shown in Table 2. Table 2 Population of relevant Region, Zone and Woreda relevant to three bridges Region/Zone/Woreda Area Population Urban/Rural Population Note 1

2 (km 2 ) Urban % Rural % Ethiopia 1,127, ,918,505 11,956, ,953, (1) Oromiya Region 353,632 27,158,471 3,370, ,884, ) East Shewa Zone 1,357, , ,017, a) Akaki Woreda 77,829 6, , b) Rome Woreda 73,182 4, , (2) Afar Region 96,717 1,411, , ,222, ) Administrative Zone 3 198,628 58, , a) Awash Fentale Woreda 29,775 16, , Gogecha Bridge Modjo Bridge Awash Bridge (2) Ethnicity and religion In regional, level ethnic groups Oromo is predominant in Oromiya Region, while Afar is predominant in Afar Region. Regarding religion, Orhtodox Christians are major and others are Muslim, Protestants and traditional religions in Oromiya Region,, while Muslim is predominant in Afar Region. (3) Land use Land use of the three project areas are predominantly farmland for crop cultivation with some patches of grazing areas mainly at the hilltop and steep slopes. However, in Gogecha and Modjo Bridge sites some factories and other buildings are distributed near the bridges Natural environment (1) Topography and relief In the Gogecha Bridge site, the road from Addis Ababa shows a gradual drop down to reach the bridge, then the topography generally flat at the spot. In the Modjo Bridge site, the road to the bridge generally traverses along a rolling terrain where it shows a slight drop at the spot of the bridge until it reaches a flat topography on the way to close to Modjo Town. In the Awash Bridge site, the road traverses rather flat plains and gradually drop down to the bridge. In addition, topography near the bridge is characterized by rock outcrops and cobblestones steep slope of Awash River gorge. (2) Climate Although Ethiopia is located in the tropics, temperatures vary with altitude and large climate variation, from hot arid to cool temperate, exist in the country. Based on climate classification of Ethiopia, the Gogecha and Modjo Bridge sites are can be grouped under warm temperate climate, which means mean annual temperature of 15 to 20 and mean annual rainfall 600mm to 2,000mm. On the other hand, Awash Bridge site has a tropical semi-arid climate with mean monthly maximum temperature of 32 to 42 to minimum temperature 9.6 to 22 and with rainfall pattern of biannual type giving a mean annual rainfall of about 600 mm. 2

3 (3) River and hydrological situation Gogecha, Modjo and Awash Bridges on the A-1 trunk road cross over Gogecha River, Modjo River and Awash River respectively. Catchment areas corresponding to three bridges are 37.6 km 2 for Gogecha River, 1,103km 2 for Modjo River and 19,100 km 2 for Awash River. Gogecha River is a non-perennial river that conveys surface runoff from the vicinity catchment during rainy season. Modjo River is one of the major perennial tributary that drains to Awash river. Awash River is one of the major rivers in Ethiopia. It rises at an elevation of about 3000m in the Central Ethiopian Highlands and flows northeastwards along the Rift Valley into the Afar triangle where it terminates in Lake Abbe at an elevation of 250m. The main river length is about 1,250km. Awash and Modjo River are forms gorge with deep and steep slope structures. (4) Plants, animals and ecosystem There are no environmentally sensitive areas and no precious plants and animal species in three bridge sites. However, Awash National Park is located about 10 km westward from Awash Bridge and the A-1 trunk road passes through the Park. The Park was established in 1966 and covers at least 756km 2 of Acacia woodland and savanna grassland with its southern boundary along Awash River. Wildlife in the Park include about 80 species of mammals as well as over 450 bird species Environmental problems (1) Air and noise pollution Black smoke of exhaust emissions and noise generation are observed whenever heavy vehicles with mal functioned and overloaded run through the road and bridge, although there is no existing data on air quality and noise. (2) Water pollution During dry season water quality of river is deteriorated due to decrease in river flow except Awash River. (3) Others Land mine and UXOs (unexploded ordinance) are buried on the slope of Awash River gorge at the Awash bridge. 4. Legal framework of Environmental and Social Considerations 4.1 Environmental Framework Legislations Environmental Management and Conservation - The Constitution of Ethiopia - Proclamation on Establishment of Environmental Protection Organs (No. 295/2002) - Proclamation on Environmental Impact Asessment (No. 299/2002) - Proclamation on Environmental Pollution Control (No. 300/2002) - Proclamation on Expropriation of Landholding and Payment of Compensation (N0. 455/2005) - Proclamation on Rural Land Administration and Land Use (No. 456/2005) - Proclamation on Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (No. 209/2000) - Proclamation on Forest Development, Conservation and Utilization (No. 542/2007) - Proclamation on Ethiopian Water Resources Management (No. 197/2000) 3

4 4.1.2 Environmental Regulation and Standards No environmental standards have yet been established Environmental Impact Assessment (1) Laws and regulations - Proclamation on Establishment of Environmental Protection Organs (No. 295/2002) - Proclamation on Environmental Impact Asessment (No. 299/2002) - Proclamation on Environmental Pollution Control (No. 300/2002) - The Ethiopian Road Authority (ERA) Establishment Proclamation (No. 80/1997) (2) Guidlines and manuals -1 (Ethiopian Environment Protection Authority, EPA) - Environmental Impact Assessment Guideline Document (2000.5) - Environmental Impact Assessment Procedure Guideline (2003) - Draft Guideline for Environmental Management Plan (2004) - Directive issued to Determine Projects subject to Environmental Impact Assessment (2008) (3) Guidelines and manuals-2 (Ethiopian Roads Authority, ERA) - ERA Environmental Procedures Manual (2001) - ERA Environmental and Social Management manual (2008) (4) Involuntary resettlement and Land Acquisition - The Constitution of Ethiopia - Proclamation on Expropriation of Landholding and Payment of Compensation (N0. 455/2005) - Proclamation on Rural Land Administration and Land Use (No. 456/2005) - Council of Ministers Regulation on the Payment of Compensation for Property Situated on Landholdings Expropriated for Public Purposes (No. 135/2007) - The Ethiopian Road Authority (ERA) Establishment Proclamation (No. 80/1997) 4

5 4.2 Procedures and requirements for Environmental Assessment Procedure of EIA approval by ERA is shown in Figure 1. Project identification Initial Environmental Examinaiton Review/Categorization Review and comment from EPA Require full EIA Require IEIA No further EIA required Conduct IEIA study Making IEIA Report Public Consultation Review of IEIA Study Require full EIA study No further EIA study required Scoping session for TOR Public Consultation Making TOR (Respond to comments) (No) Review of TOR (Yes) TOR accepted Review and comment from EPA Conduct full EIA study Making full EIA report Respond to commnets Review full EIA study Review and commnet from EPA (No) (Yes) EIA approval Source: Hearing and referring to ERA Environmental Procedure Manual (2001) Figure 1 Procedure of EIA Approval by ERA 4.3 Projects subject to EIA Based on EPA EIA Guideline Documents (2000.5) and ERA Environmental Manual 2001, categorization of projects subject to EIA are as follows: (1) Category 1 Projects: Require full EIA - Projects which may have adverse and significant environmental impacts may require full EIA. - For the road sub-sector, these include major urban roads, rural road programs and trans-regional and international highways. - All projects in environmentally sensitive areas irrespective of the nature of the project. 5

6 (2) Category 2 Projects: Require an IEIA (Initial Environmental Impact Assessment)* in order to determine whether full EIA is necessary or not. * IEIA is similar to IEE (Initial Environmental Examination) of JICA Guidelines - Projects whose type, scale or other relevant characteristics have the potential to cause some significant environmental impacts but are not likely to warrant a full EIA. - For the road sub-sector, these include upgrading/rehabilitation of major rural roads. (3) Category 3 Projects: Projects which would have no impact and does not require EIA. - For the road sub-sector, these may include capacity building and institutional improvement of road related organizations. According to the above categorization, the cooperation projects for relocation of three bridges are categorized into category 2 projects and are required an IEIA. Thus IEIA study on the cooperation project is going on by ERA. 4.4 Competent Agency In Ethiopia EPA is designated to competent agency to evaluate, review the Project Report and the EIA Study Report and issue EIA approval by Proclamation on Establishment of Environmental Protection Organs (No. 295/2002). Organization chart of EPA is shown in Figure 2. However, at present EPA can not fulfill sufficiently its function as a competent agency because regulations regarding implementation of the Proclamation have not been approved by Environmental Protection Council and the means of execution such as budget and human resources are not enough. In the mean time of this process, the implementing agencies have the authority to endorse and issue the EIA instead of EPA. Thus, with respective to road development, rehabilitation and operation and maintenance activities, the competent agency is ERA as authorized by The Ethiopian Road Authority (ERA) Establishment Proclamation (No. 80/1997). In the ERA Environmental Management Branch of Planning Division is in charge of EIA issues. Thus ERA is a proponent and also plays a role of the competent agency to review and make approval of the EIA for road projects. 6

7 Prime Minister's Office Environmental protection Council** (Environmental Protection Authority) Director General Impact Assessment Service* Planning and programming service Audit service Deputy Director General Environmental policy and law Dept. Gender affairs Dept. Manpower, resources and organization and management Dept. Environmental pollution control Dept. Finance Dept. Environmental education Dept. Ecosystem Dept. Regional affairs service Environmental Laboratory Environmental economicsand social affairs Dept. Environmental Information Center Note: * in chareg of EIA issues, ** supervising and legislative organ to EPA Source: Hearing an EPA officer and EPA document Figure 2 Organization chart of Ethiopian Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) 4-5 Information Disclosure and Public Participation According to the ERA, the public consultation is a pre-requisite to all the projects to provide different stakeholders with an opportunity to raise their concerns from the project scoping stage to the approval of EIA Licence. Provision of intense public participation and consultation has been made mandatory for EIA through public consulting during scoping and public hearing after draft report preparation. Such participation of the related stakeholders should take place through entire period of preparation and reviewing of both the Project Report and EIA Study Report 5. Outline of the Relevant Agency and Institution which implement Project, EIA so on. 5.1 Name of the Project Proponent -The responsible agency is the Ministry of Works and Urban Development -The implementing organization is the Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA). In ERA Environmental Monitoring & Safety Branch of Engineering & Regulatory Department is in charge of EIA issues. 7

8 - The organization chart of ERA with respect to EIA issues is shown in Figure 3. ERA Board Director General Operation Department Engineering & Regulatory Department Human Resources & Finance Department Engineering service, Procurement, Design & Technical Support Division Construction, Contract Implementation Division Network Management Division Planning and Programming Division District Engineering Division Environmental Monitoring Branch* Note: * Organization in charge of EIA implementation (Categorization, review and approval) Source: ERA Figure 3 Organization Chart of Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) 6. Outline of the Project and Analysis of Alternatives 6.1 Outline of the Project The objective of the proposed project is to improve the smoothness and safety of transport on the A1 Trunk Road through the replacement of Modjo, Awash and Gogecha Bridges. 6.2 Analysis of Alternatives Analysis of alternatives was examined for following two cases. (1) Zero Option (without project) Zero Option means existing bridges are left in severely damaged and unsafe conditions and/or lacks bearing capacity resulting in collapse easily by bridge failure. If the bridge failure occurs, the consequences for the traffic corridor will be crucial, and it will take long time to re-establish a temporary bridge. In addition, existing alternative roads are through mountainous areas, which are significantly difficult to pass for heavy transports. (2) Replacement of the existing bridges Three bridges are inevitable to maintain both international and domestic road transportation for goods resulting to ensure proper delivery in time and amount of import and export goods and products. Comparison of alternatives for each bridge was tentatively examined from environmental and social considerations and finalizing alignment is subject to further examination of Outline Design Study. 8

9 7. Adverse Environmental and Social Impacts 7.1 Envisioned adverse environmental and social impacts (Environmental Scoping) Envisioned adverse environmental and social impacts due to the project are identified, predicted and evaluated with rating for 32 items of social environment, natural environment and environmental pollution according to the scoping procedure of JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations, and summarized in Table 2. Table 2 Results of Environmental Scoping and Countermeasures for adverse impacts Rating *** Measures for adverse impacts Environment item *, ** Gogecha bridge Modjo bridge Awash bridge Scoping (Identified impacts and reasons) Further necessary baseline study Mitigation measures and monitoring (1) Social Environment Involuntary (P) Land acquisition is expected to (P) 1) Finalizing the (P, C, O) 1) Re-examine the Resettlement secure land for ROW (Right-of-way) of alignment of new project plan to avoid and/or new bridge and approach road based on bridge and approach minimize the occurrence of the proposed relocation plan. However, road. 2) sites for involuntary resettlement and land resettlement of house or people is not construction office acquisition. 2) If it is expected. and camps, storage unavoidable, from early stage of and construction the plan, provide adequate materials and waste. information to PAPs and consult 3) Survey on with stakeholders including PAPs ownership, usage to make agreement or thorough and usufruct right of understanding of the issues as the sites. 4) Identify much as possible. 3) Conduct eligible PAPs and necessary procedures for affected property for compensation such as compensation. 5) identification of PAPs, survey on Formulation of RAP. land and property, and estimation 6) Examine the compensation payment by consistency of Evaluation Committee. 4) Consult compensation policy with PAPs and stakeholders to by ERA with those make agreement on required by JICA compensation. 5) Monitor and Guidelines. evaluate result of compensation after project implementation. Secure ROW (30m width) for new (P) 1) Compensate for PAPs who bridge and approach road (permanently). have usufruct right to the acquired land. 2) Compensate for crop loss from the occupied land, 9

10 if any. Secure ROW (30m width) for new bridge and approach road (temporary). Secure land for construction related facilities (office, worker's camp, material storage, waste disposal. (P) 1) Compensation for PAPs who have usufruct right to temporary occupied land. 2) Compensate for crop loss from the temporary occupied land, if any. 3) Rehabilitate the land used temporary at the end of construction stage. Local economy (C) Beneficial impacts such as creation (C) Give local residents such as of employment opportunity for public preference to have a chance to employment and livelihood etc. D D D works. (O) Function of important transport corridor will be secured and construction work. resulting in enhancing local economy as well as national economy. Land use and (P, C) Water for construction work (P, C) Consult with people, utilization of local including worker's camp may compete existing land & community and local resources with existing water resources. water resources (surface water and governments to make consensus of water use. groundwater) use and regulation. (P, C) Quarries, borrow pits will be (P, C) Consult with owners and used for procurement of construction materials. quarries and borrow pits around the site. local governments for procurement and pay proper compensation, if necessary. Social institutions (P, C, O) If information disclosure of (P, C, O) Information disclosure such as social the project plan, and procedure and community and public participation should be infrastructure and public participation are not properly structures, procedure fully considered for all the local decision-making conducted, anxieties and complaints may spread over the people and of decision-making, and opinion leaders stakeholders from early stage of planning for obtaining thorough institutions communities resulting in difficulties for in the project area. understanding and consensus of obtaining thorough understanding of the people and communities. the project and consensus with them. Existing social (C) Construction works may obstruct (P) Ensure to keep space for infrastructures and services non-motorized delivery means such as ass and horse and by walk. non-motorized transport in the non-motorized transport and sidewalk on ROW, if necessary. project area. (C) Water use for construction work (P) Ensure means of water supply may compete with community water existing water use through consultation with supply. and resources community, water supplier and 10

11 local government. (C) There are connection lines of set up (C) Remove and re-install utility utilities such as high voltage electric lines, water pipes, telephone line on place of utilities at the site. lines at proper place of relocated bridge and road, if necessary. and/or underneath the bridge and road. The poor, (C) Water use for construction works (P) Ensure means of water supply indigenous of may give rise some impedance to the fetching means and and water right through ethnic people poor and vulnerable groups who have usage of water of consultation with people difficulties in access to water. vulnerable social including vulnerable groups, groups such as the poor, women and children and indigenous ethnic people. community, water supplier and local government. (C, O ) The poor and other vulnerable usage (C) Set sidewalk space on the groups who mostly utilize of non-motorized bridge or secure proper detour non-motorized transport will be somewhat suffered from inconvenience transport. near the site. for getting around during construction and operation stage. (C) There is some possibility that land (P, C, O) If the poor and relocation space in Awash and Modjo use, and ownership indigenous of ethnic people are Bridge sites are partly farmland and and usufruct right of expected to become PAPs, their grazing land. the land in the rights in relation to land and project area. resources must be respected and efforts should be made to obtain the consent of them with fully considerations to compensate properly or support to restore the present living condition. Misdistribution of (P, C, O) There is some possibility of past Consultation with stakeholders benefit and misdistribution of benefit and damage, experiences and including PAPs and community damage if the project plan, procedures of the causes which may organizations, should be planned implementation and involuntary resettlement/land acquisition matters give rise to the misdistribution of from early stage to obtain understanding and consent among are not properly disseminated and benefit and damage the stakeholders in order to share consulted with residents and in the communities. equal benefit and damage. community and other stakeholders. 11

12 Local conflict of (P, C, O) There is some possibility of the Consultation with stakeholders interests local conflict of interests, if the project causes and solutions including PAPs and community plan, procedures of the implementation of local conflicts of organizations, should be planned and involuntary resettlement/land acquisition matters are not properly interests in the project area. from early stage to obtain understanding and consent among disseminated and consulted with the stakeholders in order to avoid residents and community and other or minimize local conflict of stakeholders. interests. Cultural property and heritage (C) There are no cultural property and heritage sites. (C) If any cultural property and heritage are found, consult with Ministry of Youth, Sports and Culture and local government for treatment and preservation of them. Water usage or (P) Water rights, fishery right and water (P) Promote participation of those Water rights and rights of common are not known in the rights, fishing who have the rights and making Rights of project area. rights and rights of consent in the course of the Common common in the stakeholder meeting. project area. Public health and (C, O) Air pollution due to increase of (P, C, O) Survey on (P, C, O) Monitoring health and Sanitation traffic volume may cause some adverse public health sanitary conditions of residents in effect to health conditions of residents, including prevalence the project area. especially to respiratory organs. and cause of diseases, and sanitary condition in the project area. Infectious (C) Road construction workers, and (P, C)1) Monitoring cases of diseases such as truck drivers are considered as having existing cases and HIV/AIDS before and after the HIV/AIDS high potential for the spread of sexually cause of HIV/AIDS construction phase, 2) transmitted diseases (STDs) and in the project area. Enlightenment and campaign of HIV/AIDS virus due to their mobility. It was reported infection with prevention and cure of HIV/AIDS. HIV/AIDS and venereal disease at worker's camp during road construction stage in Ethiopia and other African countries. Hazards (cyclone, (C) No additional risk of disasters are cases (P, C) 1) Avoid the area of drought, etc.) and not expected due to the project. of natural disasters unstable ground conditions. 2) risk D D C However, Awash bridge site is located in depression of African Rift Valley such as flooding, drought, landslide. Measures for prevention of collapse and landslide at the where unstable ground condition, some 2) Stability of construction site awareness of land slide and erosion. ground in Awash 12

13 bridge site. Accidents (C, O) Stability and performance of the (P) Collect and (C) 1) Proper management to bridge will be upgraded due to analyze accidents prevent and minimize accidents relocation of existing bridge. However, data due to due to construction work and there is awareness of increasing in construction work vehicle transport after operation. traffic accidents during construction and existing vehicle 2) Enlightenment and education and operation stage, if proper traffic transport. of traffic manner to drivers and management measures including traffic residents. manners of both drivers and pedestrians are not arranged. Security (P) There are buried landmines and (P) Investigate spots (P) Clear all the landmine and UXOs (unexploded ordnance), which of buried landmines UXOs around the site with C C B have been left untreated since civil and UXOs at Awash certificate from EMAO before the wars near Awash bridge site. bridge site. arrival of the Outline Study Team (Awash bridge site). (2) Natural Environment Topography and (C) No large-scale land cutting and (P) 1) Detailed (P, C) 1) Avoid the area of Geology filling are expected. However, if geological survey. 2) unstable ground conditions. 2) improper cutting and filling likely to Detailed survey on Measures for prevention of cause collapse and landslide in rainy ground conditions collapse and landslide at the season, especially in Awash bridge site (stability, strength, construction site. located in the range of depression of etc.) of sites. the African Rift Valley. Soil erosion (C) No large-scale land cutting and the (P, C) 1) Avoid the site of filling are expected. However, if improper cutting and filling likely to area of susceptible to soil erosion susceptible to soil erosion. 2) Measures for prevention of soil cause soil erosion in rainy season. erosion at construction site. Groundwater (C) There is some possibility of (C ) Proper measures to prevent pumping up of groundwater, if water groundwater penetration of polluted water to C C C for construction works is not available. (capacity, quality, underground. aquifer materials etc.) Hydrological (C) Excavation and dredging works of (C, P) 1) Proper measures for situation/drainage bottom and sides of the river for hydrological features prevention of spill over soil, sand pattern construction of the bridge may result in of rivers crossing the and rocks due to construction changes of hydro-geological situation relocated bridge works. 2) Construct proper water of the river. (flow rate, water drainage facilities along the level, water quality, bridge and road. 3) Monitoring flood etc.). flow and water quality of river. 13

14 (C, O) There is some awareness of river scouring at the bridge site. Scour action will be especially strong during flood. (C) 1) Proper measures to prevent river scouring. 2) Periodical monitoring by bridge site examination. Coastal zone D D D (P) The Project area is not located in coastal zone. Fauna, Flora and (P, C, O) 1) The natural vegetation (P) 1) Survey on (P, C) 1) To avoid ecologically Biodiversity around three bridge sites has been protected and/or sensitive/fragile sites and habitats mostly transformed into cultivated precious plant and of precious plant and animal lands, grazing lands and settlement animal species species in alignment selection. 2) areas. Only some scattered trees are (terrestrial and Even common trees like remained in the cultivated lands. In aquatic) in the Eucaliptus and Acacia species, to C C C grazing lands livestock such as cows, sheep and goats are pastured. 2) No project area. avoid cutting down as much as possible. If it is unavoidable, endangered or endemic plant and proper measures such as animal species (terrestrial and aquatic) relocation and/or re-planting of were observed during the site visit. similar trees should be However, there is little information implemented. 3) Plant trees and about precious plant and animal species shrubs along approach road. at present. (P, C, O) There are no sensitive area or (P) 1) Survey on (C, P) 1) Post appropriate signs of protected area in the three bridge sites. habitat and crossing animals along A-1 trunk However, Awash bridge site is located movement of road in the Park area. 2) Instruct about 10 km east of Awash National precious animal construction workers and drivers D D B Park and A-1 trunk road passes through species in the Park. awareness of wildlife the Park for about 15km. Thus it is 2) Survey on cases conservation in Awash National necessary to pay attention to wildlife and causes of injured Park area. 3) Particular attention conservation in the Park during animals by traffic to animals for safe crossing the construction and operation stage. accidents road in the night. Sensitive Area (Protected Area) D D D (P) There are no sensitive area or protected area in the three bridge sites. (P) Awash bridge site is located about 10 km east of Awash National park and A-1 trunk road passes through the Park for about 15km.. (P) 1) Survey on valuable animal species in Awash National Park. 2) (C) Enlighten construction workers and drivers on importance of National Park conservation. D D B Tourist activities. 3) Wildlife management for protection of wildlife. 14

15 Landscape (C) There is a possibility to cause an (C) To make bridge design C C C adverse impact on landscape depending on alignment and design of new bridge important landscape in the project sites. harmonizing with surroundings. and approach road. Meteorology Global Warming D D D D D D (C) No large-scale topographical alteration are expected. (C, O) Increase in greenhouse gases such as CO2 is expected to be negligible amount due to increase of traffic volume. (3) Environmental Pollution Air pollution (C) Emission of air pollutants from (P) 1) Inventory (C) Control of emission of air vehicles and machines for construction survey on major air pollutants (dust, NOx, etc.) from work are expected. (O) Poor emission pollution sources, 2) construction machines and control of many vehicles due to Collect data of vehicles due to construction insufficient maintenance and inspection complaint about air work. (O) Proper management for may accelerate to spew out air pollution. control of vehicle exhaust pollutants (exhaust particulate, NOx, emission and establish etc.) long the road. inspection system of exhaust gas emission Water pollution (C) 1) Water pollution due to spilling (P) 1) Inventory (C, O) 1) Proper treatment of over soil and sand from construction survey on major water pollutants generated from work (cutting, filling, excavation and water pollution construction work to comply with dredging, etc.) and wastewater from sources, 2) Survey water quality regulation, 2) Water worker' camps is somewhat expected. 2) Toxic materials such as asphalt on water quality of rivers and streams in quality monitoring of rivers. emulsifiers may spill over to rivers. 3) both dry and rainy Water pollution load may increase due season. to addition of drainage water especially in rainy seasons. Soil (C) Toxic materials such as asphalt (C) 1) Prevent to accumulate of contamination emulsifiers utilized for bridge and road present situation of toxic materials in soil during construction may give rise to soil soil contamination in construction and operation phase. contamination. the project area. 2) Monitoring of soil contamination around the sites of earth moving and construction work sites. Bottom sediment (C) Sedimentation and accumulation of (C, O) 1) Monitoring of bottom water pollutants including toxic present situation of sediment pollution in the river. materials in the river and may result in bottom sediment pollution of bottom sediments. pollution in the project area. 15

16 Waste (C) Generation of soil, sand and (P) 1) Survey on (C) Proper planning and construction waste is expected at present situation and management for construction quarry, borrow pits, site of bridge and institutional work to minimize waste road construction work and worker's structures of waste generation. camp, etc. management system in the Project area, 2) Establish proper management system of waste during construction stage. Noise and (C) Generation of noise and vibration (C, O) 1) Inventory (C, P ) 1) Use low-noise and Vibration from construction machines and survey on generation vibration equipments. 2) Examine vehicles is expected. (O) Increase of source of noise and construction schedule and avoid noise and vibration due to increase in vibration. 2) Collect working in night time. 3) traffic volume is expected. data of complaint Installation of soundproof walls about noise and and buffer zones, if necessary. vibration. (O) Countermeasures to minimize noise and vibration from running vehicles. Ground (C) No major reclamation nor pumping (C, O) Survey on (C, P ) Monitoring of ground Subsidence C C C up of groundwater in a large quantity is expected. However, stability of ground ground conditions strength of subsidence. is unknown at present. foundation Offensive odor (C, O) There is some possibility of bad smell spreading over along the road due to poor emission control of D D D construction machines and vehicles. However, impact is expected to be negligible because houses and public facilities are scarcely and found around the site. Note 1: * Environmental items in the scoping are prepared based on the JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations (2004) with some modifications as referred to the Environmental Guidelines for Infrastructures Projects (1992). Note 2: ** Regarding the impacts on "Gender" and "Children's Right" might be related to all criterion (items) of Social Environment. Note 3: Rating; *** In general, both beneficial and adverse impacts are expected due to the project activities. However, adverse impacts only are the subject of considerations according to the JICA Guidelines. A-Serious impact is expected, B- Some impact is expected, C - Extent of impact is unknown or not clear (Further examination is needed. It should be taken into consideration that impacts may become clear as study progresses.), D - Negligible or No impact is expected. IEE/EIA is not necessary. 16

17 Note 4: **** P) Planning Stage, C) Construction Stage, O) Operation stage As shown in Table 2, no item of serious impact (rating A) is expected. However, some impact (rating B) are expected for most of the items of Social and Natural Environment, and Environmental Pollution. Therefore, the project is classified as category B according to categorization of the JICA Guidelines. 8. Envisioned mitigation measures and monitoring 8-1 Mitigation measures and monitoring The above mentioned adverse impacts should be fully taken into considerations to conduct further necessary baseline survey and examine the countermeasures including avoidance, minimization and mitigation and monitoring as much as possible as shown also in Table 2. Baseline survey will be done to make further understanding of existing environment and the effects expected to be caused by the project activities. Countermeasures will avoid, minimize or mitigate the adverse impact to an acceptable level through the planning, construction and operation phases. Monitoring is required to ensure that the specified mitigation measures are properly carried out through construction and operation stages. 9. Consultation 9-1 Results of joint meeting on environmental and social considerations with Ethiopian side In the joint meeting with ERA, the Ethiopian side agreed with followings: -To take JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations fully into consideration when they would conduct EIA study of the Project and get EIA approval from responsible authorities according to the relevant laws and regulations of the Ethiopian Government. - To get the budget allocation for land acquisition, resettlement and compensation for the Project Affected Persons (PAPs) as soon as possible, and to take necessary measures for PAPs and secure land three months before the commencement of the construction. -To hold the stakeholder meetings for each site by April, 2010 by the attendance of the project related authorities and people to explain the outline of the project, to obtain basic agreement for the project and to submit the minutes of the meetings to JICA Ethiopia office. - To put the cut-off-date for eligible criteria for land acquisition, resettlement and compensation in consultation with the Outline Design Study team. 9-2 Joint meeting with ERA environment officers The joint meeting with ERA officers in charge of EIA and land acquisition was held to identify expected adverse impacts due to the projects and corresponding mitigation measures in view of both ERA s EIA Guideline and JICA Environmental and Social Considerations in the course of Preparatory Survey. 9-3 Public consultation and participation by ERA ERA was independently conducting EIA study on the rehabilitation and construction project for 17

18 Gogecha and Modjo Bridges, although the scope of the project is somewhat different from the cooperation project. In the study, public consultations were carried out with concerned stakeholders including representatives of the local communities and administrations. According to the study report (draft), the majorities of the community were aware of the project and highly appreciate the project due to possible social and economic benefit. However, most people were worried about matters concerned with land acquisition such as minimizing land acquisition, receiving fair compensation and ensuring adequate land allocation and livelihood restoration. 10. Social Acceptability in case of Involuntary Resettlement and Land Acquisition To make agreement and obtain consensus with PAPs and stakeholders for involuntary resettlement and land acquisition, proper information disclosure and public consultation are inevitable. Thus ERA should endeavor to do following matters as much as possible: (i) To re-examine measures for avoidance or minimizing occurrence of involuntary resettlement and land acquisition in the project plan, (ii) Information dissemination of the project about the possibility of involuntary resettlement and land acquisition through public meeting and other means, if they are unavoidable, (iii) Public consultation with PAPs and their representatives, and other stakeholders including local leaders, Representatives of Community, NGO etc. should be held from early stage of the project plan and whenever necessary including field observations, inspections and valuations In addition, PAPs and stakeholders shall be encouraged to participate in all the process of consultations. (iv) To formulate RAP complying with both Ethiopian laws and JICA Guidelines. (v) To facilitate implementation of RAP and monitor result of compensation, restoring living conditions and livelihood after implementation. 11. Important Notice on Outline Design Study (1) To confirm each item of agreements in joint meeting with ERA as mentioned above (9-1). (2) To review the result of EIA study by ERA and to decide whether a full EIA study and/or additional study is further required or not. (3) To revise the result of IEE prepared in the Preparatory Study (4) To fill in Environmental Checklist for road sector and monitoring form according to JICA Guidelines. (5)To arrange another consultant in charge of Environmental and Social Considerations to Outline Design Study Team 12. Other relevant Information 12.1 References - Grontmij/Carl Bro (2009.6) Detailed Engineering Design and Rehabilitation Measures and Construction Supervision of the existing Awash River Bridge and Adaitu River Bridge and Detailed Engineering Design and Construction Supervision for new Alternative Bridges of the two Bridges Detailed Engineering Design Final Preliminary Hydrology/Hydraulics assessment Report - Transport construction Design Share Company ( ) Consultancy Service for Detail 18

19 Engineering Design, Tender Document preparation and Construction Supervision of Modjo & Gogecha Rivers bridges Preliminary Hydrology/Hydraulics Report Modjo & Gogecha bridges - ERA ( ): Consultancy Services for Detail Engineering Design, Tender Document Preparation and Construction Supervision of Modjo & Gogecha Rivers Bridges - Draft Environmental impact Assessment Report (by Transport Construction Design Share Company) (End) 19

20 A1 trunk road Awash Gogecha Modjo (1) Gogecha Bridge site Map 1 Location of three bridges 20

21 (2) Modjo Bridge site (3) Awash Bridge site Map 2 Project sites for rehabilitation of the three bridges 21