leadership CACS Look to its Future the CACS 30 th seven

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1 Keynote Speakers & CACS Leadership at CACS 30th Anniversary Symposium Great Lake Leadership Tri-State Symposium CACS - A Community Bringing Chinese Chemists Engineers Together for Science Advancement Professional Interactions Southwest Picnic Fall,

2 ~~ ~~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~CACS 30 th Anniversary Special Issue~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~ Reminiscence of CACS Past CACS Leadership Look to its Future It could be said that President Nixon may have indirectly aided the birth of CACS. Since he broke the diplomatic ice in Yinlun Huang, Chair of the Board, Wayne State the University, US/China relations yhuang@wayne.edu in February 1972, many delegations of chemists chemical engineers began to visit the US from Longqin Hu, 2011 President, Norman CACS N. Li Marinda China. Wu, ACS Board became Director very supportive to the formation of CACS Rutgers University, LongHu@rutgers.edu American with the Chemical expectation Society, that marindawu@gmail.com CACS could assist ACS in this part of Chu-An Chang, Board NL Chemical Director Technology, & Treasurer Inc. Ralph its international T. Yang, Board activities, Director which CACS did. This explains why Applied Biosystems, Mount changcn@appliedbiosystems.com Prospect, Illinois University ACS has of such Michigan, a close yang@umich.edu relationship with CACS to this day our Society is the only organization for Chinese Americans John C. Chen, Board Director Ling Ye, Board Director & Former Chair of the Board When Dr. Lubo Zhou, Chair of the CACS 30- year Anniversary officially recognized by ACS. Later on, I was able to get AIChE Lehigh University, jcc0@lehigh.edu Hospira Inc, ling.ye@hospira.com Celebration Committee, asked me to write an article about also to recognize CACS officially. This means that CACS is CACS Kristine history Chin, for Board his Director special celebration publication, I found Lubo able Zhou, to organize Board Director its events at the ACS AIChE national myself AIChE, krisc@aiche.org thinking hard about this task. The reason is that UOP meetings Honeywell, is lubo.zhou@uop.com able to have hotel rooms assigned for CACS although L.S. Fan, Board I have Director been involved with CACS since its day of board meetings receptions at their meeting hotels. Frank Zhu, Board Director inception Ohio State 30 University, years ago, fan@chbmeng.ohio-state.edu I was not very active in the society until UOP Honeywell, frank.zhu@uop.com much later. So what I ended up deciding to do for this article During the early stage of CACS, I was actually not very is Winston first Ho, relate Board to you Director the CACS & Former early Chair history of briefly the Board then describe Ohio State in University, more details ho@che.eng.ohio-state.edu about our society when I served as its Fangbiao involved Li, in 2011 its President, activities because TriState of Chapter my transition from Exxon Merck to UOP Research where Labs, I became fangbiaoli@hotmail.com its director of research for its worldrenowned separations technology. I was very busy with a lot board Shaw Huang, chairman Board Director the time until now. I will also share my Xiuli Wang, 2011 President, Southwest Chapter views Harvard on University, the challenges huang@chemistry.harvard.edu facing our society. of management administrative things on my h at UOP. XGAS, wang518x@yahoo.com I should mention at this point that Jesse had the foresight of It Lin was Li, during Board Director, the ACS CACS National Meeting in Atlanta in April, Decai archiving Yu, 2011 CACS President, historical Great documents Lakes Chapter at the Chemical Heritage 1981, Chevron, that lin.li@chevron.com CACS was formed. I was at the ACS meeting. Dr. Northwestern Foundation University, in Philadelphia. decai-yu@northwestern.edu So if any one who is interested in Jesse Norman Hwa, Li, a Board polymer Director chemist, & Former met me Chair of told the Board me about his the past history, it would be quite easy to review check idea NL Chemical of forming Technology CACS Inc, asked nlchem@aol.com me to attend its first dinner those archived documents at the Chemical Heritage meeting. Both the late Prof. Art Zettlemoyer, the president of Foundation. I would also use this opportunity to remind ACS, whom I knew quite well through my work at Exxon CACS current future leadership that any documents that Mr. Ray Mariella, the then ACS Executive Director, came to the they deem to have historical value for CACS should be gathering despite of their many CACS 30 th ACS functions which they archived at the foundation. needed to attend. Jesse Hwa was elected Anniversary at the meeting Symposium to be Organizing Committee the first president of CACS. I felt that for almost all the new My real involvement with CACS started one evening in 1997 organizations, Lubo Zhou, Chair there was usually a need for a leader to drive for their UOP growth Honeywell, lubo.zhou@uop.com to provide clear vision mission Jesse Chu-An when Chang, I received Member a phone call at home from Jesse Hwa. He told Applied me that Biosystems, he urgently changcn@appliedbiosystems.com needed me to serve as the CACS board was such a person for CACS. I should mention that Jesse was chair. I agreed to serve because Jesse sounded so urgent. He Longqin Hu, Vice Chair John C. Chen, Member also very active at the Polymer Chemistry Division of ACS really made me feel clearly that he was in need of my help. In Rutgers University, LongHu@rutgers.edu Lehigh University, jcc0@lehigh.edu was the first Chinese elected to be the chair of the division. such a case, I believe any one in similar situation could not Jesse Lin Li, was Vice also Chair active at the ACS International Activities Committee. Chevron, lin.li@chevron.com The ACS top leadership, therefore, knew Jesse Kristine turn him Chin, down. Member My chairmanship was quickly announced by AIChE, Dr. Sam krisc@aiche.org Hsu of Exxon, who was serving as CACS president. well. This really facilitated the formation of a lasting At that time the CACS immediate past president was Prof. Marinda Wu, Member relationship between CACS ACS. Phoebe Dea Dr. Shaw Huang was the past president American Chemical Society, marindawu@gmail.com before Phoebe. I served as the board chair from 1997 to 2002 In Norman 1983 a Li, board Honorable of directors Chair of CACS was established Prof. Sam NL Chemical Huang of Technology University Inc, of Connecticut nlchem@aol.com was the first chair of Ralph T. then Yang, turned Member over the duty to Prof. Winston Ho. University of Michigan, yang@umich.edu the Yinlun board. Huang, It should Honorable be noted Chair that during the 30 years, CACS Shortly after that phone call, there was an ACS national Ling Ye, Member has Wayne a total State of University, 7 board chairs. yhuang@wayne.edu After Prof. Sam Huang, there Hospira meeting Inc, in ling.ye@hospira.com Las Vegas. I particularly asked Jesse to attend so I were two more chairs, Sunney Chan David Chan before I could meet with him discuss the CACS affairs. We met at became Shaw Huang, the chair. Honorable Later we Chair had Prof. Winston Ho Dr. Ling Scott a meeting Zhang, Member room assigned to us by the ACS. Jesse came with Ye. Harvard The University, current chair huang@chemistry.harvard.edu is Prof. Yinlun Huang of Wayne State Honeywell, his wife, scott.zhang@honeywell.com Dolores. Three of us talked for quite a long time. In University. If we need to have a more detailed description of Frank this Zhu, meeting, Member I learnt what Jesse had done for CACS CACS early history, I would no doubt refer to Sunney Chan as UOP throughout Honeywell, the frank.zhu@uop.com years what actions he ( Dolores) would he was active at CACS up until he left Caltech for Taiwan to suggest that I took immediately. become the director of the Chemical Research Institute at the Academia Founded in Sinica 1981, the Chinese-American later a vice president Chemical of Society the Academy. (CACS) is a nonprofit, As professional I soon learnt, organization the board at that has neither time was national quite nor large regional with a He political was affiliation. active in CACS Membership at such is open an early to professionals stage that he was students the in chemistry, total chemical of 18 members. engineering, The reason related was fields, whenever to individuals there was an author corporations of supporting CACS Statement the objectives of of Eight the society. Objectives, Currently, which CACS has a total election of 3 local chapters to elect in CACS North America. president, The there Great Lake were Chapter usually covers two remain Midwest to states be the that society s include Illinois, guiding Indiana, principles Iowa, to Minnesota, this day. Michigan, Ohio, cidates. Wisconsin. When Members one of of the them Tri-State was Chapter elected are to from be the New president, Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Delaware. The Tri-State area has the the largest other population one usually of Chinese was offered American a position chemists, on biochemists, the board as a chemical engineers is the hot bed of pharmaceutical chemical research industry. Established in 2007, the Southwest Chapter serves its members reside in the Western United States the Gulf Coast region, which is the center of the U.S. petrochemical energy industries. President s Message Since the founding of CACS 30 years ago, CACS worked hard to serve our members the broader community of Chinese-American to the traditional Dinner events at ACS AIChE national meetings, the CACS leadership team this year has been planning a series of activities to mark the 30th Anniversary of CACS. I invite you to join us in the celebration of our 30-year history to recruit new members to join our society. The first of thesee celebratory activities was a half-day symposium entitled The Future of Chemical Sciences Its Impact on the Careers of Chemists Chemical Engineers whichh was held in the afternoonn of Monday, March 28, during the 241st ACS National Meeting in Anaheim, CA. At the symposium, Prof. Yinlun Huang, CACS Board Chair, gave the opening remarks followed by congratulatory remarks from Dr. Nancy Jackson, the current President of ACS, Dr. Long Lu, the Executive Director Associate Secretary General of Chinese Chemical Society. Speakers at the symposium includedd Dr. Norman Li, founder of CACS president of NL Chemical Technology, Prof. Sunney Chan of California Institute of Technology, Dr. Marinda Wu, a Director-At-Large a Presidential Cidate of ACS, Prof. Long Lu of Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Prof. Phoebee Dea of Occidental College, Prof. Binghe Wang of Georgia State University. Thesee five prominent chemistss chemical engineers presented their perspectives visions of wheree chemical sciences are going how we can adapt to the changes rise to the challenges opportunities in the new decade. The 30th Anniversary Symposium was then followed by a Dinner Banquet at the Seafood Kingdom Chinesee Restaurant in Anaheim, CA, whichh was attended by around 130 chemistss invited guests. Among the guests were seven past ACS presidents including Dr. Paul Anderson, 1997 ACS President, Dr. Paul Walter, 1998 ACS President, Dr. Ed Wasserman, 1999 ACS President, Dr. Attila Pavlath, 2001 ACS President, Dr. Chuck Casey, 2004 ACS President, Dr. Ann Nalley, 2006 ACS President, Dr. Tom Lane, 2009 ACS President. As part of the 30th Anniversary CACS celebration, CACS founders, past CACS presidents, members of the CACS Board of Directors past ACS Presidents were invited to share their fond memories of working with CACS over the 30-year history to offer advices perspectives to our chemistss chemical engineers. In addition members. It was an enjoyable evening for all those in attendance. Speakers Organizers of the CACS 30 th Anniversary Symposium in Anaheim CA A similar celebratory symposium a dinner banquet are being planned for the 2011 AIChE Annual Meeting in Minneapolis, MN in October. Local chapters are also having various activities marking the 30th Anniversary of CACS. For example, the Great Lakes Chapter held its 15th Annual Conferencee entitled Sustainable Life Cycle Green Processing on May 14 at Hospira Inc., Lake Forest, IL the Tri-State Power of Chemistry Collaboration in the Evolving World the Role of CACS on June 18 at the Busch Campus Center of Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. For more information about CACS-sponsored events symposia, pleasee visit our website at cacshq.org the local chapter websites at the links provided. As a volunteer-based, non-profit professional organization, CACS provides networking career development opportunities for our members forums for addressing the common interests concerns of Chinese-American chemical professionals. I encourage you to volunteer to help support our programs. I am looking forward to your active participation in our activities. Longqin Hu President of CACS, Chapter hosted its annual symposium entitled CACS Communication Fall CACS Communication Fall

3 Dear Dr. Longqin Hu, President of CACS, Dear Dr. Yinlun Huang, Chair of CACS Board, On the occasion of the thirtieth anniversary celebration of the Chinese American Chemical Society (CACS), I would like to express my sincere congratulations my heartfelt greetings to all your members. 30-years-old for a human means the most robust the most creative period of the life. I wish your society seize the opportunity of your 30th anniversary as well as the international year of chemistry celebrations to largely increase your influences in North American. Since founded in 1932, Chinese Chemical Society (CCS) has been devoted to advancing chemistry in China as well as to promoting the popularization the public appreciation of science technology. Unfortunately, there had been wars political turbulences for decades since then. Now, since 30 years ago, China has made commitments to advance social economy developments as well as to promote science technology. Today, we see that China has emerged as the second power in economy one of the strongest countries in chemistry, along with US, Japan, Germany United Kingdom. For example, the number of papers published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society by Chinese scientists has been increased from 36 in year 2000 to 301 in We can safely say that it is now the best time for science in China s history. As the only national society for chemistry professionals, CCS has now more than members 60 group members. There are 30 local sections spanning all over the country. We have established close collaboration relationship with many national chemical societies including the American Chemical Society (ACS). Acting my special convoy, Prof. Zhigang Shuai, Deputy Secretary-General of CCS, has attended the Board of Directors of ACS meeting in 2007, he also attended CACS meeting in Chicago invited accompanied by Dr. Marinda Li Wu. On my behalf, Prof. Shuai delivered a speech in the CACS opening ceremony. Last year, in the 27th annual general meeting of CCS in Xiamen, we have invited Dr. Marinda Li Wu to participate the CCS-ACS MOU signing ceremony. I expect there will be more more contacts establishing between your society CCS. Since 30 years ago, many Chinese students have gone to US to study. Now, tens of thouss chemists chemical engineers with Chinese origin work in US. They become an important force in chemical science technology. CACS can provide a platform for communication collaboration for them. During the past 30 years, CACS has indeed achieved great success. As it was announced, Dr. Marinda Li Wu, a member of Board of Directors of your society, was elected as one of the two final cidates run for the President of ACS, the first for Asian American in the past 135 years. I hereby sincerely hope she will be elected finally. And I personally strongly support her to run for such an important position. There is also no doubt that this marks the increasingly important role played by Chinese-American chemists engineers. Finally, China has positioned itself as an innovation-driving country in the near future. We are recruiting brilliant scientists with motivations, devotions most importantly, with originality creativity to speed up the pace in advancing science technology. I believe CACS can make contributions for the advancements of chemical science technology in China by uniting the forces of the members as well as other Chinese-American scientists. I also believe that through tightening the relationship with CCS, it can in return, enhance the influences of CACS. Happy birthday, I wish CACS many years of success to come! Chunli Bai President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences President of the Federation of Asian Chemical Societies Immediate Past President of the Chinese Chemical Society CACS Communication Fall CACS Communication Fall

4 Reminiscence of CACS Past Look to its Future Norman N. Li NL Chemical Technology, Inc. Mount Prospect, Illinois When Dr. Lubo Zhou, Chair of the CACS 30- year Anniversary Celebration Committee, asked me to write an article about CACS history for his special celebration publication, I found myself thinking hard about this task. The reason is that although I have been involved with CACS since its day of inception 30 years ago, I was not very active in the society until much later. So what I ended up deciding to do for this article is first to relate to you the CACS early history briefly then describe in more details about our society when I served as its board chairman the time until now. I will also share my views on the challenges facing our society. It was during the ACS National Meeting in Atlanta in April, 1981, that CACS was formed. I was at the ACS meeting. Dr. Jesse Hwa, a polymer chemist, met me told me about his idea of forming CACS asked me to attend its first dinner meeting. Both the late Prof. Art Zettlemoyer, the president of ACS, whom I knew quite well through my work at Exxon Mr. Ray Mariella, the then ACS Executive Director, came to the gathering despite of their many ACS functions which they needed to attend. Jesse Hwa was elected at the meeting to be the first president of CACS. I felt that for almost all the new organizations, there was usually a need for a leader to drive for their growth to provide clear vision mission Jesse was such a person for CACS. I should mention that Jesse was also very active at the Polymer Chemistry Division of ACS was the first Chinese elected to be the chair of the division. Jesse was also active at the ACS International Activities Committee. The ACS top leadership, therefore, knew Jesse well. This really facilitated the formation of a lasting relationship between CACS ACS. In 1983 a board of directors of CACS was established Prof. Sam Huang of University of Connecticut was the first chair of the board. It should be noted that during the 30 years, CACS has a total of 7 board chairs. After Prof. Sam Huang, there were two more chairs, Sunney Chan David Chan before I became the chair. Later we had Prof. Winston Ho Dr. Ling Ye. The current chair is Prof. Yinlun Huang of Wayne State University. If we need to have a more detailed description of CACS early history, I would no doubt refer to Sunney Chan as he was active at CACS up until he left Caltech for Taiwan to become the director of the Chemical Research Institute at the Academia Sinica later a vice president of the Academy. He was active in CACS at such an early stage that he was the author of CACS Statement of Eight Objectives, which remain to be the society s guiding principles to this day. It could be said that President Nixon may have indirectly aided the birth of CACS. Since he broke the diplomatic ice in the US/China relations in February 1972, many delegations of chemists chemical engineers began to visit the US from China. ACS became very supportive to the formation of CACS with the expectation that CACS could assist ACS in this part of its international activities, which CACS did. This explains why ACS has such a close relationship with CACS to this day our Society is the only organization for Chinese Americans officially recognized by ACS. Later on, I was able to get AIChE also to recognize CACS officially. This means that CACS is able to organize its events at the ACS AIChE national meetings is able to have hotel rooms assigned for CACS board meetings receptions at their meeting hotels. During the early stage of CACS, I was actually not very involved in its activities because of my transition from Exxon to UOP where I became its director of research for its worldrenowned separations technology. I was very busy with a lot of management administrative things on my h at UOP. I should mention at this point that Jesse had the foresight of archiving CACS historical documents at the Chemical Heritage Foundation in Philadelphia. So if any one who is interested in the past history, it would be quite easy to review check those archived documents at the Chemical Heritage Foundation. I would also use this opportunity to remind CACS current future leadership that any documents that they deem to have historical value for CACS should be archived at the foundation. My real involvement with CACS started one evening in 1997 when I received a phone call at home from Jesse Hwa. He told me that he urgently needed me to serve as the CACS board chair. I agreed to serve because Jesse sounded so urgent. He really made me feel clearly that he was in need of my help. In such a case, I believe any one in similar situation could not turn him down. My chairmanship was quickly announced by Dr. Sam Hsu of Exxon, who was serving as CACS president. At that time the CACS immediate past president was Prof. Phoebe Dea Dr. Shaw Huang was the past president before Phoebe. I served as the board chair from 1997 to 2002 then turned over the duty to Prof. Winston Ho. Shortly after that phone call, there was an ACS national meeting in Las Vegas. I particularly asked Jesse to attend so I could meet with him discuss the CACS affairs. We met at a meeting room assigned to us by the ACS. Jesse came with his wife, Dolores. Three of us talked for quite a long time. In this meeting, I learnt what Jesse had done for CACS throughout the years what actions he ( Dolores) would suggest that I took immediately. As I soon learnt, the board at that time was quite large with a total of 18 members. The reason was whenever there was an election to elect CACS president, there were usually two cidates. When one of them was elected to be the president, the other one usually was offered a position on the board as a consolation gesture. The result was a large board which was largely inactive. Some of the major items that I did or am still doing which would have some significant impact on our Society are discussed below. (1) Reducing the number of the board members from 18 to 10 through retirement new elections in It should be noted that the current board now is larger than the one at that time; however, I have since recruited many young people into our Society. They all played leadership role some of them now are serving on the board. (2) Re-establishing CACS banquets after-dinner speeches at the banquets which are affiliated with the ACS AIChE national meetings. Since each of these societies has two national meetings every year, this means four banquets four speeches for CACS. It is important that we should utilize these opportunities to showcase CACS. It is gratifying to note that at the CACS banquets, many times we had participants from not only the US, but many places in Asia, such as China, Taiwan, Singapore, etc. They often remarked that coming to the CACS banquets to meet many Chinese Americans really made them feel very much at home. (3) Re-establishing CACS magazine. The magazine at that time was not published on a regular interval. I view an important function of the magazine is to inform our members about the CACS activities at the ACS AIChE national meetings, so I set the publication to be twice a year at the time roughly one to two months before the ACS AIChE spring fall national meetings. (4) Helping the formation of a strong local section - Great Lakes CACS (GLCACS) in Chicago. Its inaugural conference was held on July 6, 1997 at the Oak Brook Hills Hotel with Dr. Yuan-Tzeh Lee, a Nobel laureate in chemistry the president of Academia Sinica, as the keynote speaker. The first GLCACS president was Dr. Mou-Ying Fu Lu of Abbott I served as the chair of the board. Later on we had Prof. Sunney Chan, Vice President of Academia Sinica to be a plenary lecturer at GLCACS. After a few more years, when Prof. Ralph Yang of University of Michigan was the society president, we were able to have Dr. Chunli Bai to be a keynote speaker. Prof. Bai at that time was a vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. I made the remark that to have Dr. Bai, Prof. Chan Prof. Lee as our keynote speakers clearly shows that we have no political preference as required by our bylaws. By the way, all three of them are eminent chemists. I should note also that GLCACS held job fair at its annual meetings. This turns out to be very helpful to our members graduate students who were seeking employment. One good example is Dr. Ling Ye. She often said that she was very thankful to GLCACS because she found a great job through the job fair. (5) Changing CACS Chinese name in the year of I was able to convince the board to change the CACS Chinese name to include the words of chemical engineering in the name. The direct translation of the new Chinese name of our society is Chinese American Chemistry Chemical Engineering Society. The reason for the name change was since I became very active at CACS, I began to bring in many chemical engineers to our society,, therefore, it was only appropriate to add the chemical engineering to our Society s name. However, we decided that our English name should remain the same. The reasons for not changing our English name were two, one was we felt the English word Chemical did have a broad meaning. And secondly, the English name was already well-known, especially in ACS. As I reminiscence about the time of changing our society s name, I recall that I did feel strongly about getting the board to agree to the name change as I had witnessed many chemical engineers made strong contributions to our society. The following are some names of these chemical engineers. Both Dr. Samuel Hsu of Exxon Dr. Stuart Shih of Exxon served as the society presidents on , respectively. Dr. Ed Ma of Worcester Polytechnic Institute was our keynote speaker in 1998 (he later on served as CACS president). Dr. Chen-Hwa Chiu Prof. James Liao were keynote speakers in Dr. James Wei of Princeton University gave such a good afterdinner speech at CACS banquet at an AIChE meeting that I invited him to give the same speech at the CACS banquet at the ACS National Meeting in Washington DC (August, 2000), Dr. L. S. Fan of Ohio State University was the keynote speaker in 2000, Dr. Yinlun Huang of Wayne State University was the society president in 2001 both Dr. Jane Chang of UCLA Dr. Yue Kuo of Texas A&M were our keynote speakers in (6) CACS celebrated its 20 year anniversary. I set up a special committee for the celebration, which was chaired by Dr. Shaw Huang of Harvard University. Shaw, a board director past CACS president, did a great job in organizing the celebration program at the ACS National Meeting in Chicago. The celebration consisted of a special Symposium on Perspectives on Chemical Research in the 21th Century cosponsored by the ACS Division of Professional Relations Division of History of Chemistry. Both the presidents of ACS AIChE came to give congratulatory remarks. The celebration meeting was followed by a large Banquet at the Szechwan East Restaurant. (7) Getting young people involved in our Society. It is so important for the continued growth of our Society that we should all make effort to recruit young people into CACS get them involved in the leadership roles. For me, this is a never-ending, ongoing effort. I am proud to say that throughout the years, I was able to attract quite a few outsting young people to join our Society. They include Frank Zhu, Lubo Zhou, Shawn Chen, Robin Wang, Bing Sun, Ling Ye, Wei Pan Yinlun Huang - they have all made strong contributions to our Society. It is interesting to note that when CACS was formed in 1981, most of the students attending the CACS functions came from Taiwan. Sixteen years later when I became the board chair, most of the students came from mainl China. It simply reminds us about the dynamics of the changing world that CACS Communication Fall CACS Communication Fall

5 CACS needs to be sensitive to the changes to serve our membership in the most effective way possible. Challenges for the Future: (1) As I noted in one of the CACS Newsletters, we are a volunteer society, i.e. all the board directors officers are volunteers. On the other h, all the ACS AIChE staff draw salaries work full-time. No wonder things can be done much faster in those societies. I recall that when I was serving on the ACS International Affairs Committee, just for our committee along, there were five paid administrative personnel (two staff members three secretaries) available to hle the committee business. The challenge for CACS is of course how to get thing done efficiently effectively. (2) Overall speaking, as we all know, the Chinese Americans are not very interested in serving on public functions. Prof. Eli Pearce of Polytechnic University, a former ACS president, indicated to me more than once that he very much supported to having more Chinese Americans serve on the various committees of ACS. The problem he had as the ACS president was that he could not find many Chinese Americans interested in serving in this capacity. Most of the Chinese American chemists chemical engineers, in general, would be only interested in presenting papers serving as symposium session chairs. ACS now has a membership of over 160,000. If we assume the membership population of Chinese American being 5%, this means If most of them feel it is a matter of principle to join CACS, imagine how much stronger our society would be? In this era of globalization, professional competition is fierce. For Chinese American chemists chemical engineers, to join CACS is actually a smart move. Our society s charter stipulates that CACS provides a forum to exchange scientific research results ideas. Also, CACS provides great opportunities of networking. There is another major advantage of joining CACS, which is our Society provides ample opportunities for our members to be in leadership positions. This in turn provides good leadership training experience, which will be helpful to their professional careers. In the US, there are so many Chinese Americans who are either chemists or chemical engineers. Our Society s overall challenge is how to let them know about us to attract them to join us in CACS. In conclusion, our Society has walked a long way since its formation day in At this era of globalization, it is facing old new challenges. With our united effort to serve our fellow Chinese Americans, we will see our Society continually to grow. It will serve as a bridge between its members in the US their fellow Chinese chemists chemical engineers in other parts of the world. My Personal Experiences with CACS Shaw Huang Harvard University The Chinese American Chemical Society (CACS) was founded by Dr. Jesse Hwa in I first met Jesse in 1976 in a conference organized by the United Nations. In attendance were selected foreign graduate students from major universities in the US (I was one of them), some prominent foreign-born chemists in US corporations, several representatives from foreign embassies in the US. From conversation with him, I knew Jesse came to the US from Shanghai before 1949, had never been to Taiwan before. However, he had taken a few trips to China to deliver lectures on polymer science technology. In early 1981, the news about Jesse s organizing CACA (Chinese American Chemical Association, which was later changed to Chinese American Chemical Society) quickly spread in the Chinese chemical community in the US. I was at Cornell University then, immediately joined the group as a member. In the fall of that year, I attended the social hour organized by CACA held in the ACS meeting, met Jesse again. Jesse his wife, Dolores, were sting by the entrance door to welcome everyone attending the event. Unfortunately, he already forgot having met me five years ago. But, I still enjoyed this social hour very much, since I met a few college classmates made acquaintance with many other chemists. Although I filled a survey form distributed during this social hour expressed my interest in helping the organization, no one had ever approached me in the following several years until 1990, when Professor Sunney I. Chan, the Chairman of the CACS Board of Directors at that time, asked me to run for CACS President-Elect. Sunney Chan was a chemist whom I admired very much ever since he came to Michigan State University to deliver a lecture in the Chemistry Department in 1974, when I was a graduate student. He was already a well-known expert in magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which was the field I was in during my graduate research. Ten years later, in 1984, we both were invited to an NIH Special Study Section to review magnetic resonance instrumentation proposals. After a long day of panel discussion, we sat down together in a Chinese restaurant near the NIH headquarters. That was the first time I heard him speak Marin Chinese, but only one phrase Qingdao beer, which was all he could speak in Marin Chinese. Since then, a friendship was built between us kept us connected professionally as well as personally. Professor Chan had been the Associate Editor for the Journal of American Chemical Society for many years. Every paper submitted to JACS for publication would need to pass his screening before being sent to reviewers, who were mostly likely selected by him. This powerful authority made him well known in the chemistry community around the world, created a throne-like position for him. However, this position was not easy to hold, Sunney was one of the only few people who could do it. I noticed that every time he traveled on business trip, he would carry a heavy black duffle bag filled with papers submitted to JACS. He wasted no time in reading them whether on a plane, a train, or at lunch table. When I visited his office at Caltech, I noticed there were several feet of papers piled up on his desk, his couches, shelves, even the floor. There was so little space left that I couldn t even find him when he sat behind his desk. This position also helped him to become knowledgeable about every field in chemical research. He was able to tell you what research projects have been currently carried out in any chemistry field who were the most active successful chemists in it. He also became one of the best chemical scientists with the ability to provide future visions perspectives in chemical research. Professor Yuan T. Lee was another prominent chemist I admired very much, even before he received the Nobel Prize in He I both graduated from National Taiwan University; although he is more than 10 years older than me. He has been in the visiting committee of the Department of Chemistry at Harvard for many years, I have had to present the current status of the instrumentation facility before him other visiting committee members. In 1989, when he visited Harvard University to deliver the G.B. Kistiakowsky Lecture, I took the opportunity to ask him to deliver a lecture for the greater Boston Chinese Community after a welcoming banquet. It was one of the most notable activities ever held in the Boston Chinese Community. Surprisingly, after talking with him in several different occasions, I found that he I shared a lot of common values not only in science but also in social systems in politics. With all these connections, I simply could not find any reason not to accept Sunney s nomination to be a cidate for CACS President-Elect in Immediately after being elected by CACS members, I found myself burdened with not only the duties of the president-elect, but also many responsibilities of the president, since the President, Dr. Chi-Ru Hwu, decided to go back to Taiwan in 1990, no longer resided in the US during his presidency. Luckily, the immediate past president, Dr. John Hsu, was still able to assist in many occasions, to give me needed guidance. In addition, we had a capable secretary, Dr. Ying-Hung So, a capable treasurer, Dr. Chu-An Chang in the team. It was a privilege a great pleasure to be able to work with them during those years. Other than Dr. Jesse Hwa, Professors Sunney Chan Yuan T. Lee, there were many other heavy-weight chemists chemical engineers, such as Dr. Norman Li, sitting on the board of directors in those years. Since communication was not yet widely used, we always held a face-to-face board meeting on the day before the social hour in every ACS meeting. The secretary I would call all board members in advance request for their presence. Even though they don t attend the ACS meetings, some of the board members would still come just for the CACS board meetings. As the president/president-elect, I always drafted the board meeting agenda after consulting with Sunney, the Board Chair, sent it with needed background information to all board members well in advance, so that the face-to-face meetings could be efficiently held with needed conclusions within an hour half. The social hour had always been one of the most important events organized by CACS national office. ACS was helpful to us by providing a meeting room big enough to accommodate 100 people, audio/video system, fruit punches. Even though our social hour event was announced in ACS program book, we still had to prepare flyers to distribute at the ACS meeting site designated hotels. Jesse would always walk to every hotel to place some flyers in the lobby to make sure all Chinese American chemists attending the ACS meeting know about our social hour. I was always amazed that, even being in his seventies, Jesse was still able to walk faster than me. More amazing was that Jesse s wife, Dolores, always came with him in every ACS meeting, happily volunteered to sit behind the reception desk in the social hour the banquet held right after it. We always had more than 100 people attending the social hour, many of them would sign up to be new members be willing to volunteer to help in CACS events. In addition to the social hour banquet, we also tried to organize special symposia with co-sponsorship from some ACS Divisions. Since one of the most important objectives that CACS carries is to help members or other Chinese American chemical scientists engineers to advance their professional career, we had often collaborated with the ACS Division of Professional Relationship to organize the symposia on career development advancement. One example is a whole day symposium on Professional Development of Foreign-Born Chemical Scientists held in the spring ACS meeting in 1992, with more than 10 speakers delivering talks. In 1993, during the IUPAC meeting in Beijing, Professor Yuan T. Lee I had a meeting with the President of Chinese Chemical Society, Hu Yadong to discussion about a possibility of co-sponsoring an International Chinese Chemical Conference. Unfortunately, this plan never materialized due to a number of reasons. Even after retiring from the CACS presidency in 1995, I had to stay on the Board of Directors for two years, as required by our bylaws. After Professor Sunney Chan accepted the invitation from Professor Yuan Lee to go to Taiwan to help him build a stronger research program in 1997, the CACS Board of Directors became chaired by Dr. Norman Li, who was one of the most respected admired engineers I know. Dr. Li was pivotal in bringing CACS to a higher level by inviting many renowned chemical engineers to the board. His strong leadership as well as personal friendship has made me stay on the board up until now. Over the past several years, I have CACS Communication Fall CACS Communication Fall

6 witnessed how he successfully recruited promoted more young Chinese chemists chemical engineers in the US to participate in the CACS management. In every professional association, a board of directors with many prominent respected members can be like a magnet to attract more colleagues to join the organization. A strong management team with talented energetic officers is also important to provide good services to members to maintain the organization s growth. As Confucius said, Be established at the age of 30. CACS is now 30 years young, we need to make sure it is well-established, especially in terms of membership financial status. I am glad that there are so many young enthusiastic chemists chemical engineers taking leadership of the organization. I am very confident that CACS will not only be well established, but also grow stronger larger in the future. (Dr. Shaw Huang, currently the director of the magnetic resonance laboratories at the department of Chemistry Chemical Biology of Harvard University, was the CACS president-elect in , the CACS president in , a member of the CACS board of directors since He obtained his bachelor s degree from National Taiwan University in Taiwan in 1971, his Ph.D. in Chemistry from Michigan State University in After doing postdoctoral research at University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign for a year, he became the director of the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Lab at Cornell University. In 1982 he moved to Harvard University. Dr. Huang has published a number of papers co-edited a book on the instrumentation application of nuclear magnetic resonance. He has served in several review panels for the NIH the NSF, has given lectures in many institutions in the US, China, Taiwan. He is also a scientific technical consultant for several companies.) Chemical Engineering Research Teaching in 21th Century James Wei Princeton University The purpose of chemical engineering teaching research is to serve the needs of society, from basic requirements of food clothing to advanced goals of the environment sustainability. Out of the vast endless needs of society, we have a set of knowledge tools that are suitable to serve a fraction of these needs. Our research has the objective of exping these knowledge tools, to serve society better. Our methods of making a living began with hunting gathering, experienced a great revolution when Agriculture was invented at 10,000 BC. Industrial Revolution began around 1750, James Watt greatly improved the steam engine in 1790, human wealth prosperity made a mighty leap forward through manufacturing. Since agriculture manufacturing are so efficient in the modern world, fewer people are required to produce all the goods needed, more more labor are working in Services. Consider the following table on how America China divide the labor force the sources of the gross domestic product GDP: USA China Labor GDP Labor GDP Farming Industry Service During the American Revolution of 1776, more than 70% of US labor was engaged in agriculture, when one farmer can barely feed himself his family. As agriculture became more efficient with mechanization, irrigation, fertilizers, pesticides seed improvements, one farmer can now feed one hundred families, therefore fewer farmers are needed. Manufacturing began to require more labor with the start of Industrial Revolution, reached the peak of 35% of American labor in 1960, has since then declined to 20%. Service workers grew to 79% today, they are engaged in teaching, health, trade, transportation, banking, insurance, communication, security government. Some people would describe the situation as Post-Industrial America. The most post-industrial places in the world today are Hong Kong the Vatican City. The current distribution in China resembles America in 1920, at an earlier stage of industrialization when industry was far better in creating wealth than farming, labor streamed from the countryside to the cities. The modern tradition of engineering education began in France in the 1747 in the Ecole des Ponts et Chaussees to build bridges roads, the Ecole Polytechnique in 1794 to train military engineers for artillery. Graduates not only became leading scientists such as Sadi Carnot Henri Poincare, but also business leaders several presidents of France. The idea spread to America in the US Military Academy at West Point in 1802, the Rensselaer Institute of Technology in 1824 to train civil engineers. MIT had the first chemical engineering program in 1886 under Lewis Mills Norton. The Shanghai Jiao Tong University dates from 1896 for telegraph communications, Tsinghua began in Modernization required railroads, steamships, telegraphs, high explosives, rifles cannons. Tianjin University may have the first chemical engineering program based on making salt from seawater. Engineering graduates in China became presidents prime ministers, such as Jiang Zeming Hu Jintao. The Post-Industrial society has arrived in Hong Kong, will soon swallow up the US, with China following in a few more decades. What do engineering graduates do? We do not expect that the Hong Kong University of Science Technology, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Tsinghua University to go out of business; we expect that they would re-invent themselves do very well in the 21th century after. When the market is saturated with goods manufactured in the farms the factories, they buy more services so engineers should offer services. The best strategy for the future may be a basket of: improving traditional problems in manufacturing, pioneering new problems in services. Let us consider some options: Transportation Utility Communications Finance Insurance Health Government Business Services Education Energy supply, renewable fuel Energy efficiency environment Electronic materials Nanotechnology Financial engineering Bioengineering Biomedical engineering Health delivery Civil infrastructure Military technology Consulting Business analysis Educational technology Some of these ideas are currently being pursued by pioneering researchers, it remains to be seen how creative they will be in coming up with new ideas methods. Recently Yong Jin Yi Cheng published a paper in the AIChE Journal of March 2011, with the title of "Chemical Engineering in China: past, present future". It presents many ideas on what are needed what are coming in the future, which should be consulted. The future belongs to pioneers who can come up with a good plan execute them creatively. Will the Second Century of Chemical Engineering be better than the First Century of Chemical Engineering, ? What can Chemistry Accomplish in the Next Thirty Years? Ronald Breslow Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York NY In this essay I will try to describe two different ways of making such a prediction. In the first part I will look at the way chemistry is developing now, to see the new directions that change the way chemistry has been transformed over my fiftysix year scientific lifetime. In the second part I will describe some of the challenges that chemists need to address. Extrapolating from the Present The most obvious change in the last few decades is on the borderline between chemistry biology. There has long been a field called biochemistry, in which chemistry is used as a tool to underst biology. This is still a vigorous activity among chemists. Now increasingly chemists are learning enough from biology biochemistry to be able to adopt new approaches to chemistry itself, in which the scientific questions are chemical, not biological. I have called this field biomimetic chemistry (although some people prefer the phrase biologically inspired, which has the same meaning). In biomimetic chemistry, as I have defined it, we try to imitate the principles that nature uses to perform chemical changes, rather than the slavish details. In particular, while there is a branch of chemistry in which chemists are making new proteins using them to perform chemical rather than biological processes, there is also a field in which we use small molecules or synthetic polymers to replace the proteins of life still carry out the fundamental types of processes involved. We have learned from biochemistry that selectivity in reactions can be entirely dominated by geometry, rather than by the intrinsic reactivity of a substrate. Thus in my laboratory we have used the hydrophobic effect in water to bind reactants so as to steer reactions to geometrically selected sites. We have pursued this area vigorously for almost the past fifty years, have reached a point at which there is even an ACS award in biomimetic chemistry that carries my name. Another area in which chemistry is different from the way it was practiced fifty years ago is an increasing interest in the chemical approach to materials, in particular the way in which one can use rational ideas about chemistry to produce important or interesting physical properties in substances. This field has sometimes had the name of nanochemistry or nanoscience, since one is interested in the properties of very small molecular systems rather than large bulk materials. This is a field in which rational design of molecules to achieve useful electrical properties of molecular wires leads many people into the field of molecular electronics. Here chemistry CACS Communication Fall CACS Communication Fall

7 is on the borderline with physics, in particular with solid-state physics. This is a direction that seems likely to continue for quite a few years. The future of these fields can be seen in the increasing tendency in American universities to hire young chemistry faculty who are active on either the biology or physics borderline. There seems to be general agreement that these new directions are very promising for our field, at least for the next few decades. There are other places in which borderlines with chemistry are particularly active. One is the borderline between chemistry medicine, although this has been active for many years. Synthesis is one of the central activities of chemistry, the one that makes our field unique compared with other sciences. In chemistry departments there is increasingly less focus on trying to synthesize difficult natural materials to demonstrate the intellectual power of synthesis, more interest in synthesizing new molecules that can have important useful biological or medical applications. In other fields of chemistry one also sees this development of novel ideas novel approaches. In physical chemistry there is a diminished interest in molecular beams, laser interactions with such molecular beams, although in the past few decades this was a central concern of physical chemistry. Physical chemists are tackling problems on the chemistry/biology chemistry/(solid state)physics borders. There is also a focus on the properties of single molecules, not aggregates, as new methods with high sensitivity make this possible. Analytical chemistry has become increasingly sophisticated with novel instrumentation, in some senses the exciting new kinds of spectroscopies that have been developed can really be thought of as part of the field of analytical chemistry. The interest is less about analyzing iron ore more about analytical methods in medicine in biology, such as fluorescence probes. NMR methods, constantly under new development, are used to determine structures of very large molecules in solution, unmodified by special packing effects that can be seen in crystals. This approach is likely to continue as better instrumentation makes it possible to determine structures of ever more complex molecules or even of molecular systems, such as those in the living cell. X-ray methods for structure determination have reached the point of revealing the structure of the multimolecular ribosome. Inorganic chemistry has also had a change of focus, as many inorganic chemists are now applying their special skills knowledge to either important biological problems or to the field of biomimetic chemistry, such as creating novel systems that can imitate the properties of some metalloenzymes. Polymer chemistry has also had a change as new synthetic methods can increasingly make polymers with highly selected homogeneous lengths structures, so that the properties of individual molecular species can be understood developed for special applications. Again the development of excellent spectroscopic methods makes the characterization of such materials a much more successful enterprise. Of course some of the kinds of things I am describing also go on in biochemistry even in biology departments, but with the important difference of the nature of the goals. Chemistry can be applied to answering biological questions, including such important questions as the structure of the ribosome, or the nature of memory in the brain, but this is chemistry in the pursuit of biological questions. It will clearly continue, but in addition the part that is uniquely the home of chemists themselves is the work in these areas aimed at understing fundamental chemical questions, including what is possible in organized molecular systems. This is increasingly an area of chemistry, pursued by people in chemistry departments. The components of the living cell have often been characterized, using chemical techniques, by people interested in biology, but increasingly chemists take these systems as a stimulus for developing new chemical systems that can perform the same kinds of functions. Sometimes the systems created behave as molecular machines. An ultimate goal is to create chemical systems with some of the properties of life. Such work can give us insight into what properties we can obtain from the interaction of several defined chemical species, of the sort that one sees in a living cell. In a sense this is one of the newest directions of chemistry, an exciting one. We can say that chemistry has graduated to some extent from simply trying to underst the properties transformations of single pure molecules, increasingly to creating understing the chemistry of organized interacting molecular systems. In our laboratory we have been involved in constructing artificial enzymes, including cases where several different reactants are reversibly bound into a host molecule. The field has sometimes been called supramolecular chemistry, chemistry beyond the molecule in the sense that it involves interaction of more than one molecular type. Goals to be Achieved Another guide to what chemistry will be doing in the next thirty years is to look at the important problems that are still not solved that would make a huge difference to our understing of chemistry to human welfare. Dominant in this area is medicinal chemistry. There are many diseases for which we do not have cures, some for which we do not even have treatments, it is an easy prediction that chemists in the pharmaceutical industry chemists in universities will be working hard to try to solve these problems. Predominant among them is the chemistry that can be used to deal with viral diseases. We still need antibiotics to kill bacteria as they keep transforming becoming resistant to existing medicines, but at least this is an activity whose rationale past successes makes it clear that it can be done. The problem with viral diseases is that killing a virus is not an easy proposition when the virus itself is not alive. Thus we so far focus on prevention, including inoculation against some of the worst of these diseases, but we really need to develop ways to cure the diseases once they occur. The particularly striking example is Ebola, a viral disease whose treatment so far consists of isolating the patient so that he/she does not contaminate other people while he/she dies. Treatment of AIDS is also at best only partially successful, with suppression but not a cure, since the AIDS virus to some extent hides in living cells reappears when the treatments have stopped. These situations are already serious enough that one should put heavy effort into trying to develop cures for these diseases, but even more so when we realize that some viral diseases can be transmitted by mosquitoes. So far we are fortunate that the AIDS virus the Ebola virus are not transmitted in this way, but if a change ever occurs to make that possible the threat to human beings will be enormous unless we have a way to cure these diseases. There are many other diseases where we have treatments but not cures. One example is schizophrenia, in which the patients can be helped to the point where they can function until they stop taking their medication. Diabetes so far has treatments but not cures. This is still true for many cancers. The challenges for medicinal chemistry are clearly still urgent. There are some challenges that are still in a sense almost shameful in what they reveal about our chemical abilities. Is it really true that we cannot develop analytical methods that can replace the nose of a dog in detecting explosives? Is it really true that we cannot develop paint that would last for 100 years under normal conditions? Can t we yet develop practical insecticides that would kill the dangerous insects while not harming the ones that we need for agriculture for the general health of the environment? Is it really necessary to make one hundred thous molecules before we can find one that will be a successful drug, meeting all the requirements of success? Here s a place where computational chemistry has a very important role, developing methods to predict reliably not only the drug-like activity of a given molecule but also all the other aspects of it, including possible side effects toxicities. As a practical matter, on which there is a very large amount of effort in the chemical community, can we develop methods for converting solar energy into useful energy with photovoltaic devices that can be placed in the deserts, not competing with the development of food? This challenge, if successfully met in a truly practical way, could completely change the way the world operates. Can we make batteries that will really make electric vehicles competitive with the petroleum-fueled ones? The biggest problem here is to get a sufficient amount of power in a practical battery to let a vehicle operate over several hundred miles, at the same time permitting rapid replenishment at a service station when the battery has been exhausted. The chemical problem for this latter requirement is batteries that can be recharged in a matter of five or ten minutes, but in Israel an alternative is being tried: batteries are simply exchanged at a service station, with all vehicles using the same type of battery. Then the exhausted batteries are recharged in several hours in the service station. A particularly attractive idea for an electric car would be an aluminum/air battery in which the aluminum is oxidized completely to aluminum oxide, giving up its three electrons at high potential from a material that is relatively light. The technical problem here is that the aluminum becomes passivated with a coating of aluminum oxide, does not fully react with the air; this is a technical problem that should be solved with appropriate electrolytes to furnish an alternative version of portable electric power that can be used in vehicles. Can chemists redesign manufacturing processes to be Green, completely harmless to the environment to life? Can we make useful chemicals such as weed killers that are not persistent, but disappear harmlessly in the environment after their useful life? Can we learn how to deal with radioactive waste from nuclear energy plants, concentrating the dangerous materials into a small volume that could be buried more easily? There are many such challenges waiting for chemists, some of them have been described in two books of which I was an author. One of them, Chemistry Today Tomorrow, was published by ACS aimed at the general public; it describes some of the challenges that chemists will successfully meet in the future. The other one, Beyond the Molecular Frontier-- Challenges for Chemistry Chemical Engineering, was published by the U. S. National Academy of Science written in collaboration with the chemical engineer Matt Tirrell. It describes the likely future in these two fields, particularly what challenges remain for them. I think the most obvious thing one can say about the next thirty years beyond is that the field of chemistry has a glorious future, as it addresses more more problems areas that were not traditionally the province of chemists. We are a unique field in the fact that we create new substances, this is limitless in its potential. As one example, it has been estimated that the number of molecules that could be made with the typical size of a modern medicine, with the typical elements in it, is of the order of 1040, a one with forty zeroes after it. It is pretty clear that we have no serious chance of making a dent in this enormous potential in the next thirty years, or indeed in the next 30,000 years. Chemistry, one of the oldest of sciences, is still the one that has exciting prospects for the future by contributing to both scientific understing human welfare. It deserves the interest of young people with the ability to contribute to it, scientific support for what can be accomplished. CACS Communication Fall CACS Communication Fall

8 Vote Wu for 2012 ACS President-Elect! I am honored to have been elected as one of two cidates for 2012 ACS President-Elect. I want to share with you the following speech I gave at the ACS Council meeting in Anaheim: I love our profession the broad impact we chemists have on improving the quality of life! I've always been proud to be a chemist an ACS member now for 40 years. I get excited because there is no profession that can have a greater impact on human life than CHEMISTRY -- on health, food, energy, the environment so much more!... there is no Society that can have as great an impact on our wonderful profession than ACS. But I am also concerned--concerned that our profession is being challenged in many ways: Increasing global competition resulting in record unemployment underemployment amongst our members...what can ACS do to help? Widespread science illiteracy declining science engineering enrollment...how can we hope to remain competitive if we don't address this more effectively? Diversity multi-disciplinarity issues...how should we evolve our profession to meet these challenges? Throughout my life, I have worked hard to convert challenges into opportunities by creatively thinking through problems, by building bridges, by getting things done. If elected, I will focus on four priorities: 1) Increase support for lifelong career professional development. Explore innovative ways to better equip members for today's competitive global work environment. Help with retraining if needed, draw on the untapped potential of our senior chemists. 2) Advocate to improve the job climate! We've advocated for years to increase support for R&D STEM education. It's now time to also advocate to improve the climate for doing business in the U.S.! Combine forces with other organizations when we visit Capitol Hill. Incentivize businesses (both large small) with tax credits more competitive trade policies. Reduce the regulatory, economic, IP barriers to foster new technologies jobs in the U.S. rather than overseas! 3) Lead collaborate on the world stage. Chemistry is global, ACS must value the needs of domestic members as a top priority. We cannot stop globalization, but we can engage in more meaningful dialogue with global partners competitors to seek solutions to global challenges! 4) Enhance communications strategic collaborations. ACS has the exciting opportunity to convene enable more cross fertilization across interdisciplinary international boundaries. I have 40 years of experience in a diversity of areas -- in R&D, sales & marketing, in science education -- from entrepreneurial endeavors to large chemistry enterprises. I have not only the energy commitment, but also the passion, understing leadership experience to represent YOUR interests, build bridges, help our Society turn challenges into opportunities. TOGETHER we can make things happen! Sincerely, Marinda Li Wu, Ph.D. ACS Director-at-Large Cidate for 2012 ACS President-Elect For more details, please visit my website at Please me at marindawu@gmail.com if you have suggestions on how ACS can better serve your needs. I hope to have your vote support to spread the word on my behalf! Dear CACS Members Friends: As you know, one of our own CACS Board colleagues, Dr. Marinda Li Wu, as elected as one of two cidates to run for President of the merican Chemical Society at the national ACS Council meeting in Anaheim on March 30 this year. This is indeed historic, since Marinda was not only the first Asian ever elected to the ACS Board of Directors, but also is now the first Asian to run for President in ACS's 135 year history. Marinda was elected as a cidate for ACS President after a vigorous Town Hall debate speeches delivered to Council by all four preliminary nominees. The other remaining cidate is Dr. Dennis Chamot from Washington, D.C. who is also an ACS Board member. Helping Marinda win this election will be an exciting opportunity for CACS to demonstrate our influence outreach! Marinda has been an ACS member for 40 years has always been proud to be both a chemist Chinese. Please visit her website at for details on her background, leadership experience, priorities. She has been a strong advocate for science technology has spoken out frequently on behalf of Asians. She points out that although Asians are not under-represented in the U.S. technical community, they are very much under-represented when it comes to being included in policy decisions or upper management in all sectors, including ACS. ACS has over 163,000 members of which almost 14% are Asians (ACS Comprehensive Salary & Employment Survey 2009). There are almost 500 elected Councilors representing the 189 local sections 33 technical divisions. However, there are roughly only about five Chinese a few other Asians elected to ACS Council -- less than 2%. Most Asians excel technically through hard work talent. However, most Asians do not get involved with ACS governance, many of them do not bother to vote. In order to help Marinda win the ACS election this fall, we must energize encourage CACS members their colleagues to vote when the ACS ballots are mailed out in late September. Marinda's cidate statement is expected in the Sept. 12 issue of C&EN. Please encourage all ACS members you know to remember to vote for Marinda in the upcoming ACS election this fall. If you are involved with CACS picnics or other activities this summer, please help spread the word to encourage people to vote for Marinda Li Wu for ACS President. This will be a wonderful opportunity as CACS celebrates its 30th anniversary in 2011 to show our unity our influence in electing one of our own to become President of ACS. We need to encourage more Asians to become involved so we can have a greater voice in policy decisions future directions for our profession! Marinda truly needs hopes to count on your support. Every vote counts in this election! Sincerely, Yinlun Huang Chair, Board of Directors, CACS Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Science Wayne State University Detroit, MI CACS Communication Fall CACS Communication Fall

9 CACSC Interview with Dr. Marinda Li Wu, Cidate for 2012 ACS President-Elect 1. ACS CACS: CACS has had a close relationship with ACS since its establishment 30 years ago. What is your vision for the future ACS-CACS relationship as ACS President, how would you promote the collaborations between ACS CACS? In a brief speech at the 30th Anniversary CACS Banquet at the national ACS meeting in Anaheim, I mentioned my vision for CACS growing in influence strength over the next thirty years. As a member of the Board of Directors for both the ACS CACS, I feel fortunate to be part of both organizations. I hope to encourage more Chinese American scientists to get involved with governance so as to have more voice influence in society. As ACS President, I want to serve as a positive catalyst bridge for more collaborations. We can work together build even closer beneficial relationships to further similar goals of both CACS ACS. Similar to how I view myself as a bridge between ACS CACS, I also view CACS as a bridge between the ACS (American Chemical Society) CCS (Chinese Chemical Society). As ACS President, I hope to promote more collaboration with both CACS CCS. The chemistry enterprise is global, we all share a wonderful Chinese heritage common language. I envision a bright future where ACS should work together with both CACS CCS to promote science technology with chemistry chemical engineering for the global chemistry enterprise. 2. One challenge facing Chinese American scientists is how to get more involved in a mainstream professional society like ACS. Can you provide some advice on this? How to overcome various barriers (language, culture etc)? I often advise Chinese American graduate students postdocs attending ACS Career workshops I present across the country at national regional ACS meetings. To overcome language barriers, I recommend using English as much as possible even though Chinese is much easier for Chinese-born students scientists. When I visit China or Taiwan where I have relatives, I always use Marin the whole time I am there. When I come back to the U.S., I switch back to English. I encourage all Chinese American scientists to use English as much as possible to become more fluent. Practice makes perfect... will help tremendously. It will eventually become easier to use English with more practice use...just like my Marin as an American-born Chinese. I also strongly encourage Chinese American scientists to get more involved with their professional societies like ACS. Every ACS member belongs to one of the 189 local ACS sections across the country. You can start by attending your local ACS section programs. If some local ACS activities interest you, you should volunteer to help. That is how my ACS career started. Let me share some of my personal experiences to show you how I got to where I am today. I have been an ACS member now for forty years. In my first twenty years as an ACS member, I was initially a graduate student at the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign then a research scientist working for Dow Chemical's Central Research Laboratory. Back then, I was interested primarily in the ACS journals technical meetings. Over my last twenty years, I gradually got more more involved in ACS governance. When I was still a research scientist at Dow Chemical Western Division Research, I started by attending my first local ACS program organized by the local WCC (Women Chemists Committee) of the California Section of ACS. The WCC is still one of the most active groups for my local ACS section. I liked the people I met attended more WCC programs meetings. Within a year, I was asked to chair the local WCC. In fact, I should mention that the ACS is a wonderful way to get more leadership experience that can help you grow in your career professional path. I then volunteered to help with NCW (National Chemistry Week) for our local California Section. This is easy to do because just about every one of the 189 local ACS sections across the country celebrates NCW in October each year needs volunteers to help. Within another year or two of participating contributing, I was asked to chair NCW as the NCW Coordinator for our local ACS Section. I always published reports on my activities in our local ACS newsletter so I became well known in my local ACS section. Then I was asked to run for election as a Councilor for the California Section later to chair the California Section during its 100th anniversary, a great honor! If you get elected or selected to chair your local ACS section or technical division, you will be invited to attend the annual ACS Leadership Institute over a weekend to network with other ACS leaders from across the country offered the opportunity to choose take some excellent leadership development courses-- very useful valuable training for career advancement. Once I was elected to represent my local ACS section at the ACS Council, I served on various national ACS committees. I became well known at Council eventually was appointed to chair a very important national ACS Committee on Economic Professional Affairs (CEPA). Years later, I ran for the Board of Directors as a petition cidate because I had not been nominated as an official cidate by the Committee on Nominations Elections for ACS. In fact, many CACS members helped by signing my petition at the 25th Anniversary CACS banquet at the national ACS meeting in Atlanta. When I collected enough signatures on my petition, I was put on the official ACS ballot won my first term on the ACS Board, as the first Asian American to do so. After serving only two terms on the ACS Board, I was invited to run as one of four nominees selected by the Nominations Elections Committee to run for 2012 ACS President-Elect. The other three nominees had all served three terms on the ACS Board, but after a vigorous Town Hall debate speeches delivered to ACS Council, I was very fortunate to be elected by ACS Council as one of the two official cidates now running for 2012 ACS President-Elect this fall. 3. In your cidate speech, you identified diversity as one challenge. As a woman minority leader of the largest professional scientific organization, how would you promote diversity at ACS? What is your assessment on the status of Chinese Americans at ACS (participation, influence, leadership position etc)? I have always believed in the value of diversity inclusivity. Diversity brings in different perspectives. Just this past year, ACS created a Diversity Inclusivity Advisory Board. This group met for the first time at the Anaheim national ACS meeting is still working out its goals objectives. I pushed very hard to have an Asian American included as part of this new Diversity group. No Asian American member was originally included even though I had mentioned the importance of including an Asian American before. I am glad it was finally decided to include an Asian American along with other Diversity Partners for ACS. Other Diversity Partners at ACS include representatives for African Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans. Quite frankly, Chinese Americans Asian Americans are often considered a silent minority, not only within the U.S., but also within ACS. Almost 14% of ACS' 163,000 members are of Asian descent according to the ACS Comprehensive Salary & Employment Survey (2009). ACS therefore does not consider Asian Americans to be an under-represented minority. I have often pointed out, however, that although Asian Americans are not under-represented on the technical side, we are definitely under-represented when it comes to being included at the table when policy decisions are made. Of the almost 500 elected members in the ACS Council representing the many local ACS sections divisions, there are only about 5 Chinese American Councilors, plus a few other Asian Americans--together, that's less than 2% of the Councilors. I know of only one new Chinese American Councilor who has chaired a local ACS section recently. However, I did notice speak with a few more Chinese Americans who attended the most recent ACS Leadership Institute in January This is a promising trend. We need to encourage more Chinese American scientists to get involved with professional organizations like ACS in order to be able to have greater voice influence with policy making other important decisions. As ACS President, I will continue to do my best to encourage diversity more involvement from various under-represented groups. It will truly be exciting if I am elected as ACS President. It is the first time in the 135 year history of ACS that an Asian American has even been nominated to run for ACS President. I was only the third woman to chair the California Section of ACS during its 100th anniversary. With your help support in the ACS election this fall, it will be even more historic if I become the first Chinese American ACS President! 4. The future of chemistry: What is your vision? My vision for the future of chemistry is a bright one. Chemistry has long been considered a central science. In today's interdisciplinary world, chemistry will be vital instrumental to solving many global challenges. It is an exciting time to do research since many global challenges-- alternative energy sources, clean water, new medicines, abundant food, new materials, much more-- will need the input creativity of chemists chemical engineers working with others. In addition to research, it will be important to carry out product process development, analyses, applications, marketing, manufacturing in order to build sustain a strong chemistry enterprise. 5. For women scientists, balancing family career is a big challenge. It seems you also had to make some career adjustments due to family reasons. What advice can you give to women chemists on family career balance or choice? The first piece of advice, not only for women chemists but for all women professionals, is to choose the right partner supportive of your career. Luckily, my husb went to Stanford where his female classmates were predominantly pursuing professional careers. Many became medical doctors or lawyers, so he was used to professional women. He has always been a big supporter of my career is quite proud that I am running for ACS President. Balancing a family with professional dems requires excellent time management plus constant multi-tasking juggling. I remember that one of my girl friends called me an MOTB while I was busy planning my daughter's wedding. When I asked her what is an MOTB, she replied Mother Of The Bride. I thought for a moment then said to her that I am also a Member Of The Board! Of course, balancing career with family was most deming when my children were young with both my husb me working full time with challenging careers. However, like many dual career couples, we managed; both kids turned out great. I often give talks where I discuss my professional journey through life making choices based on one's personal professional values plus individual circumstances at the time. Never judge others, but always respect others for making whatever personal choices they make. CACS Communication Fall CACS Communication Fall

10 Finally, I believe it is important to have a passion for whatever you pursue in life. I love always share what Confucius said way back around 500 B.C. "Choose a job you love, you will never have to work a day in your life." "Wherever you go, go with all your heart." 6. Are you a "tiger mom"? "Tiger mom" is an interesting topic that has caused a lot of controversy recently. Asian American parents tend to be more disciplined in raising their children, but I do not think we can generalize for all Asian American parents. Nor should we judge which parenting styles are best. Again, I believe that all parents make their own choices on how best to raise their children. However, you have asked whether I consider myself a "tiger mom." Although I was born in the year of the Tiger often do feel that I am a Tiger as a person, I do not consider myself a "tiger mom." I did not force my kids to study or practice piano. They both participated in many activities with their friends. I allowed my daughter son more freedom than a true "tiger mom." Luckily, both of my children have turned out quite well, I am proud of their accomplishments. My family just attended my daughter's Ph.D. graduation from the University of Washington after her undergrad studies at Stanford. I am also happy that my son, a senior at UCLA doing undergraduate research at CENS (Center for Embedded Network Sensing), just submitted his first publication where he is the first author of a research paper. By the way, my mother, who came to this country from Beijing for her graduate studies back in 1947 ( celebrated her 90th birthday last year in Beijing with all four of her children as well as friends relatives), was also not a "tiger mom." She was simply the best mother in the world, raising four children who earned five Ph.D.'s without ever raising her voice or forcing any of us to study or do anything we did not wish to pursue. She somehow instilled the desire to excel with plenty of love care. LOCAL CHAPTERS OF CACS The Great Lakes Chapter Decai Yu 2011 President, GLCACS Department of Chemical Biological Engineering Northwestern University, Evanston, IL The local chapter of Chinese American Chemical Society in the Great Lakes region (GLCACS) serves chemical professionals in Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio. GLCACS was founded on July 6, 1997 at its inaugural conference held in the Oak Brook Hills Hotel, Oak Brook, IL. In its fourteen years history, GLCACS remains the only organization dedicated solely to the Chinese American chemists chemical engineers in the Greater Lakes region. GLCACS Leaders First row, from left to right: Yanqun Zhao (Treasurer), Robin Wang (Committee Member), Norman Li (Chairman of the Board), Jane Li (Advisor), Hellen Mui (Volunteer), Ben Mui (Volunteer) Second row, from left to right: Decai Yu (President), Xianghui Liu (Vice President), Wa Yuan (Committee Member), Qing Jing (Committee Member) Since its founding, GLCACS has played an active role in promoting professional development networking for the members non-members alike. Our members are comprised of professionals from the industry as well as professors, research fellows, students from the universities in the region. The objectives of GLACAS are: To promote fellowship among Chinese American chemists, chemical engineers, those working in related scientific areas. To enhance communication professional interaction among its members. To provide a forum for the discussion of issues of mutual interest concerns. To create opportunities for its members to share professional experiences to participate in joint research business ventures. To provide a network for mutual professional enhancement career development. To provide career counseling for the young people, particularly those interested in the scientific engineering careers. To encourage scholarly achievements in chemistry chemical engineering, to recognize individuals who have made outsting contributions to the science technology of chemistry chemical engineering. To facilitate interactions between CACS other scientific organizations communities. Each year, usually in May, GLCACS holds an annual conference in the Chicago area. The conference features industry executives leading scientists as keynote speakers. The past speakers included Chunli Bai, a chemist the current president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuan-Tzeh Li, a Nobel Laureate in chemistry. The annual conferences provide a great opportunity for the participants to discuss cutting-edge research in the industry in academia, with topics ranging from pharmaceutical biotech to food, chemical energy. The conferences also serve as a platform for exchanging information, connecting people, exploring career development opportunities. Over a hundred chemists, chemical engineers, academics students attend the conference each year. GLCACS also organizes a summer picnic in the Chicago area in August to provide networking opportunities for both the working professionals students. Members their families can enjoy a variety of food drinks play games sports at the picnic. The Southwest Chapter Xiuli Wang 2011 President, CACS-SW Vice President Chief Technology Officer, XGas 800 Gessner Road, Suite 240 Houston, TX Established in April 2007, CACS Southwest (CACS-SW) Chapter has seen tremendous growth. We have now over two hundred forty members. Our two past presidents, Jinan Ni Minquan Chen their leadership teams were instrumental for putting this organization together, defining the objectives, implementing the work plans. The CACS-SW Chapter 2011 Leadership Team From the Left to the Right: Lixin YOU (VP Marketing), Qiong ZHOU (Membership), Dayong DONG (Education), Qiang WANG (Public Relations), Jie YU (Treasurer), Xiuli WANG (President), Huimin LIAO (Secretary), Teng XU (VP Public Relations), Yijian LIN (VP Membership), Wei WANG (VP Education), Dichuan, LI (VP Communication), Max Lee (Public Relations). Not in Picture: Luyi SUN (Education), Yan WAN Guohua LI (Communication) This year we again have a strong leadership team. Some major activities are summarized below. Technical Seminars. We have been organizing technical seminars - averaging one per quarter. The purpose of this activity is to exchange technical information. All speakers are either experts to share technology know-how in their fields or executives from different companies to share their strategic views on what is going on in their businesses. This year, the first seminar was held in February 27th, The speaker was Dr. QIAO, Jin-Liang ( 乔金梁 ), the current Vice President of SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry the Director of the Polyolefin National Engineering Research Center. He gave ua an excellent presentation on The Aspects of the Petrochemical Industry in China ( 中国石化工业概况 ). We had over forty members attended this seminar. Our second CACS Communication Fall CACS Communication Fall

11 seminar of this year took place on May 7th, Mr. Guoan Zhang ( 张国桉 ), the President of Tong Yuan Oil Tool Co., Ltd., shared his insights with the speech Prospect of Growing Chinese E&P Oil Service Industry. Mr. Zhang gave us an overview of Chinese oil & gas industry, the current status of Chinese private companies, the capital market situations & challenges of going public. Participants of the 1Q 2011 Technical Seminar Spring Fall Picnics. The spring fall picnics are actually part of our membership-drive champions. We want to exp/update our member roster also provide a platform for members to network. This year our spring picnic was conducted on April 23rd, Over sixty people participated. The fall picnic will be held in late October. President s Distinguished Scholar (PDS) Award. Starting from last year, we are giving PDS Award to academically talented high school students throughout the southwest states. It gives our members an opportunity to nominate their high school child who is in 9 th to 11 th grades has a track record of academic excellence. Selection of the winners is based on the composite scores of Rank in Class, PSAT/SAT or ACT, achievements in extracurricular activities, teacher s recommendation, the student s essay. The winner is invited to attend a special CACS-SW Chapter event receives a recognition plaque a cash award up to $500. Last year s winner was Shannon Cheng, 10th grader from the Seven Lakes High School (SLHS). The Tri-State Chapter Fangbiao Li 2011 President, Tri-State Merck Research Labs Tri-State Chapter originally included New York, New Jersey, Connecticut. Recently it refers to New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania. Members of Tri-State CACS are actually from New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Delaware. The Tri-State area has the largest population of Chinese American chemists, biochemists, chemical engineers is the hot bed of pharmaceutical chemical research industry. Successful Symposium Dedicated to the CACS 30 IYC 2011 This year is the 30 th anniversary of Chinese American Chemical Society (CACS) the International Year of Chemistry. The Tri-State Chapter of Chinese-American Chemical Society (Tri-State CACS) hosted dedicated a successful symposium to this special year. Tri-State CACS again hosted its annual symposium at the Busch Campus Center of Rutgers University on June 18. The symposium theme reflected that this year is special for the CACS, Power of Chemistry Collaboration in the Evolving World the Role of CACS. emerging markets, energy, sustainability, intellectual properties (IP) protection. Speakers Tri-State CACS 2011 Symposium organizers Crowded exhibition section of Tri-State CACS Symposium 2011 In addition to the formal speeches, there were plenty of opportunities for networking at the symposium, thanks to the well-designed flow of the meeting. During the breaks, ACS Career Consultant Mr. Bill Suits provided career advices onsite, vendors at the exhibition section were very busy demonstrating their products promoting their companies. For the first time, multiple companies posted job openings collected résumés at the symposium. The crowd of 300 participants felt that a Saturday was well spent at the symposium. Besides hosting the regional events such as the symposium New Year s Celebration, Tri-State CACS also serves as a bridge between US Greater China in chemical pharmaceutical industries. It reaches out to the homel China of its members. They proactively seek cooperation opportunities with the government agencies other institutions. In the summer of 2012, the Tri-State CACS will again co-organize the Beijing Pharmaceutical & Chemical Intellectual Property Forum along with China s State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO). Previously, the Tri-State CACS co-organized two Beijing International Pharmaceutical Chemical Intellectual Property Forums (2006, 2009) two Beijing International Pharmaceutical R&D Forums (2004, 2007). Tri-State CACS also strives to help members connect with opportunities in China, for entrepreneurship or for career development. They have sent members to explore opportunities in various industrial parks such as Suzhou Wuhan. They also hosted delegations from China coming to recruit talents attract entrepreneurs. Tri-State CACS has become a valuable forum for open discussions on technologies, businesses, career development. It is also an active networking platform for the local chemistry professionals. Tri-State CACS is committed to continue to promote the fellowship among Chinese chemical professionals, the interactions between US Greater China in chemical pharmaceutical industries, the public appreciation of science. To encourage appreciation of chemistry general science, Tri-State CACS awards talented high school students with Young Chemist Award. The 2011 Award is open for application now. For more information of Tri-State CACS, please visit website (Reported by Bin Wei) Participants of the 2011 Spring Picnic College Graduate Student Research Excellence (CGSRE) Program. Each year we have a graduate-student poster competition held during fall picnic. The purpose of this program is to give college students an opportunity to hone their presentation skills prepare them to make the smooth transition from a student to a professional. The symposium is a signature annual event of the Tri-State CACS. This year it continued the tradition of featuring prominent speakers. The current president of American Chemical Society Dr. Nancy B. Jackson kicked off the symposium with a speech purposefully titled International Year of Chemistry Six other speakers were all senior business executives, renowned academic leaders, or senior government officials. They covered a whole variety of hot topics in the meeting, such as global collaboration, chemical pharmaceutical R&D, opportunities challenges in the CACS Communication Fall CACS Communication Fall

12 CHINESE-AMERICAN Carbon Dioxide Capture CHEMICAL from SOCIETY Steam Methane MEMBERSHIP Reformer FORM New Application Renewal Information Update Trapti Chaubey *1, Paul Terrien 1, Solene Valentin 2, Dennis Vauk 3, Jean-Pierre Tranier 2, Uttam Shanbhag 1 1Air Liquide Delaware Research & Technology Center, Newark, DE, USA 2Air Liquide Claude Delorme Research Center, Jouy en Josas, France 3Air Liquide Energy Market, Houston, TX, USA (*Corresponding author; Trapti.Chaubey@airliquide.com) 1. Name Chinese name 2. Affiliation/Title 3. Mailing Address Abstract Hydrogen is commonly used in refineries, methanol production or ammonia production. Natural gas is the most common feedstock for hydrogen production with steam methane reforming reaction water gas shift reaction. The reforming reaction is highly 4. Telephone Work ( ) Home ( ) endothermic the heat required for the reaction is provided by the combustion of fuels. Carbon dioxide is produced in both the syngas 5. flue gas from the Work reforming, shift combustion reaction. Home This CO 2 emission can be reduced using several different separation techniques to extract CO 2 from the flue gas, syngas or PSA off-gas. Air Liquide has extensive experience in carbon capture from 6. steam Fax reformers using Work amine solvents, CO 2 purifiers for pure Home CO 2 market. The captured CO 2 can be further compressed, transported 7. Degree sequestered or used Field for enhanced oil recovery or for industrial School consumer applications. Air Liquide is using its extensive experience in gas separation purification processes such as cryogenic, absorption membrane to develop low cost CO 2 capture 8. Current technique. Job Function This paper will present several such options that reduce the cost of CO 2 capture from hydrogen plants. In few cases H 2 production can be increased by recovering additional hydrogen from the CO 2 extraction unit recycling back to hydrogen PSA. Academia Industrial R&D Consulting Sales/Marketing Management Computer Application Other (specify) 9. Please indicate your interests in the following committees Membership Committee Newsletter Committee Website Committee Program Committee INTRODUCTION Hydrogen is widely used in a refining petrochemical industry Manufacturing for several different processes like hydro-cracking, hydro-treating, Engineering/Design numerous hydrogenation reactions etc. It is commonly produced in a steam methane reformer as shown in Figure 1. The hydrocarbon feed stock undergoes pre-treatment to remove sulphur in order to avoid catalyst poisoning. The highly endothermic reforming reaction occurs at a high temperature of ºC pressure of psi. The heat for the reforming reaction is provided by the combustion of fuel gas (natural gas PSA off-gas) with air in the combustion zone Public producing Relationship flue gas laden Committee with CO 2. The reformation of natural gas steam results in product termed as synthesis gas (syngas) that comprises H 2, CO, CO 2 along with un-reacted methane steam. The heat available from the high temperature syngas flue gas is used to heat boiler feed water to produce steam required for the reaction along with some surplus quantity of steam for export. The syngas from I hereby the steam apply methane for membership reformer is further to the sent CACS to the as water a gas shift (WGS) reactor to produce additional hydrogen from Regular Member ($20/year) the oxidation of CO to CO 2. During this process, carbon dioxide content increases Student in Member the syngas ($10/year) downstream of the WGS reactor. The product gas from the WGS reactor is treated in a Pressure Swing Life Adsorption Member (PSA) ($200 unit in to one recover payment) nearly pure H 2 product. The Corporate CO 2 in the Member syngas is ($850/year) discharged as part of the PSA off-gas. This PSA off-gas is typically sent to SMR as fuel since it contains un-reacted methane, CO some hydrogen. CO 2 CAPTURE TECHNOLOGIES Air Liquide offers various different separation purification technologies for industrial gas applications. The choice of capture technologies depends on several factors including cost of capture, recovery rate of CO 2, utility consumption, utility cost etc. Air Liquide/Lurgi is evaluating several capture solutions from hydrogen plants to reduce CO 2 emissions. Table 1 shows the CO 2 content total pressure of different gas streams from the hydrogen plant. FUEL (NG + OFF-GAS) + AIR Steam Methane Reformer CH 4 + H 2 O 3H 2 + CO 10. Recommended by: (optional) Additional Contributions: $ (Tax Deductible) Flue Gas Pre-Treatment SYNGAS PSA Off-gas Feed stock + Steam Water Gas Shift Reactor CO + H 2 O H 2 + CO 2 SYNGAS H 2 Product Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) Steam Figure 1 Schematic of Hydrogen plant based on SMR Table 1 CO 2 content Total Pressure for different gas streams in SMR plant Gas Stream Typical CO2 content Total Pressure Syngas after SMR 5-10% psi Syngas after WGS 15-20% psi PSA Off-gas 45-50% <30 psi Flue Gas 20-25% <30 psi The CO 2 capture technologies using amines, cryogenics membranes have been developed to produce clean hydrogen product. Syngas as produced from the SMR was not considered as a potential capture location because of low CO 2 partial pressure offers no potential advantage over treating syngas after the WGS reactor. Figure 2 shows the CO 2 capture technologies favorable for different CO 2 inlet composition product purity. Amine based absorption solution can be used for low CO 2 content in the inlet stream either upstream of the SMR Pressure Swing Adsorption unit or Please make check payable to CACS or Chinese-American Chemical Society mail to: Chu-An Chang, CACS Treasurer, Clifton Way, Castro Valley, CA Date Signature on Flue gas from the SMR unit. The cryogenic capture solution can capture CO 2 from the PSA off-gas because of higher CO 2 content. Membranes are typically used on a high pressure stream because of higher separation efficiency. The flux across the membrane can be increased by increasing the differential pressure across the membrane. Membranes can be used as an add-on module to the non-condensable stream from the cryogenic unit to increase hydrogen production. CO 2 Purity Absorption Membrane Syngas/Flue gas MEDAL TM Cryogenics 1% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Feed CO 2 content Figure 2 CO 2 capture technologies PSA off-gas Commercial Technologies Amine based Absorption Solution Amines like Mono ethanol amine (MEA) or activated Methyl Di-ethanol amine (amdea) are commonly used to chemically absorb CO 2 from flue gas or syngas. More than 50% of Air Liquide s HYCO (H 2 CO co-production) plants are operating with amine units to remove CO 2 from syngas. Figure 3 shows the amine based absorption solution to capture CO 2 from syngas or flue gas. Amine solvents absorb CO 2 in a packed bed absorption column with CO 2 lean gas exiting the top of the bed. CO 2 rich amine solvent is regenerated in the stripping column at high temperature to release CO 2 recycle the lean solvent back into the absorption column. Amines have been evaluated on syngas for partial CO 2 capture on flue gas for complete CO 2 capture. Amines were not evaluated on PSA off-gas, since the amount of CO 2 present in syngas after WGS reactor is same as the PSA off-gas but is available at higher pressure prior to the PSA. Absorption Column Syngas / Flue Gas CO 2 depleted Syngas or Flue Gas Stripping Column Solvent Cooler Heat Exchanger Solvent Reboiler Steam Condensates Captured CO 2 for Sequestration Figure 3 Amine solution for CO 2 Capture from syngas or flue gas Cryogenic Solution A Cryogenic CO 2 capture system has been developed by Air Liquide is being offered as a CO 2 Compression Purification Unit (CO 2 CPU) as shown in Figure 4. Air Liquide s first demonstration unit is under construction to capture CO 2 from a power plant in Australia. CO 2 CPU requires higher CO 2 content in the feed gas the PSA offgas was evaluated as a potential location for the CO 2 capture using CPU. The CO 2-CPU consists of a series of unit operations, the first being compression of the gas to a high pressure using several stages of centrifugal compressor. The final outlet pressure may range from 450 psi to 1500 psi. The high pressure gas is partially condensed to separate noncondensable gases from liquid CO 2. The CO 2 rich stream is further purified in a distillation column. Furthermore, the noncondensable gas stream is sent to SMR as fuel. PSA Off-gas psi -55ºC Non Condensable Gases to Fuel Cold Box Figure 4 CPU solution for CO 2 capture from PSA off-gas Cryogenics membrane Solution Air Liquide MEDAL TM offers commercial gas separation membranes. Figure 5 shows the schematic for capturing CO 2 Pre-Treatment from PSA off-gas using CPU in combination with a membrane. The non-condensable gas Water from Gas Shift the Reactor CO 2-CPU is rich in hydrogen. A membrane unit CO may + H 2 O be H 2 + used CO 2 to treat the noncondensable gas to separate H 2/CO 2 from CO/CH 4. The H 2/CO 2 stream may be sent to the H 2 PSA to boost hydrogen Steam Methane Reformer Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) production CH 4 + Hwhile 2 O 3H 2 the + COCO/CH 4 stream may be recycled back to SMR as fuel. Another advantage of this scheme is that it can be used for retrofit to increase the hydrogen production of an existing plant while capturing CO 2. PSA PSA Off-Gas Additional H 2 production Steam Recycle to H 2 PSA CO 2 recirculation psi SYNGAS CO 2, H 2 CO, CH 4 Membrane -55C Captured CO 2 for Sequestration Figure 5 CPU & Membrane solution for CO 2 capture from PSA off-gas Captured CO 2 for Sequestration Cold Box NEXT GENERATION SMR Air Liquide/Lurgi together is optimizing its SMR plants to reduce overall CO 2 emissions while simultaneously increasing plant reliability efficiency. The design of the pre-reformer, the reformer furnace the shift section has been optimized to reduce CO 2 emissions prior to capture while increasing the rate of capture. With continuous improvements, the average energy consumption of Air Liquide s HYCO plants has decreased over 5% between causing reduced CACS Communication Fall CACS Communication Fall

13 CO 2 emissions (1) Lurgi s Top fired Reformers has an advantage of high temperature applications up to 950ºC a range of small to large world-scale capacities. The strength of their design is a high plant efficiency reliability, optimized turn around cycles, broad product feedstock ranges, low utility consumption low investment maintenance cost (1). The next generation of Lurgi Reformers designed with CO 2 capture will be able to capture from 63% to 92% of the produced CO 2. RESULTS CO 2 Recovery The recovery of CO 2 separation purification units is shown in Table 2. All capture solutions have high recoveries typically >90% from the treated gas stream. The overall recovery of the CO 2 unit depends on the percent of total CO 2 available in the gas stream for capture. It is interesting to note that the overall CO 2 recovery was slightly lower for the CPU with membrane solution albeit with a higher hydrogen production. Table 2 CO 2 recovery using different separation techniques Recovery of the CO2 unit % of total CO2 treated Overall CO2 recovery Amines on Syngas 100% 59% 59% Amines on 90% or more 100% 90% or more Flue gas CPU on off-gas 90% 59% 53% CPU on off-gas with membrane 95% 59% 52% Energy Requirement for CO 2 capture CO 2 capture solutions like amine CPU need electricity for compression steam for regeneration. Figure 6 shows the relative stream electricity requirement for the different applications outlined in Table 2. The steam requirement for amines solution is high because of the high regeneration energy. The low partial pressure of CO 2 in flue gas results in a higher steam requirement for amine regeneration. The steam electricity requirement for both CPU cases (with without membrane) is the same. The electricity requirement for the amine treatment of syngas flue gas is the same since it is employed to compress CO 2 to the final product pressure for sequestration (typically psi). The electricity requirement for CPU is relatively higher because of the additional energy required to compress feed stream with noncondensable prior to purification. 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% Specific Steam requirements 0% Amines on Amines on Syngas Flue Gas CPU CPU + Membrane Figure 6 Specific steam electricity requirement for different separation techniques 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Specific Electricity requirements Amines on Amines on Syngas Flue Gas CPU CPU + Membrane CO 2 Capture Cost The overall CO 2 capture cost plays an important role in the selection process of the capture technology. Figure 7 shows the CO 2 capture cost per short ton of CO 2 produced versus the rate of CO 2 captured. This cost will include capture, compression drying. It does not include transportation or sequestration as these costs will vary from project to project. CPU on PSA off-gas or Amine on Syngas have lower capture rate at lower cost compared to Amines on Flue gas that provide a higher capture rate at a correspondingly higher cost. As the CO 2 capture on syngas or PSA off-gas is more cost effective, the Next Generation SMR was optimized to shift more CO 2 production from combustion to syngas. This way the cost of CO 2 capture is reduced overall capture rate can be increased for capture solutions on syngas or PSA off-gas. Typical CO 2 cost for capturing 63% to 73% CO 2 produced by such a large SMR would cost between $30 to $40/short ton. CO 2 cost / ton Today s SMR with CO 2 capture solutions CPU or Amine on Syngas Amines on Flue Gas Next Generation SMR adapted for CO 2 capture 50% 90% % CO 2 captured Figure 7 CO 2 capture cost SUMMARY Air Liquide/Lurgi offers a wide portfolio of CO 2 capture technologies including absorption, cryogenic membrane. The selection of capture technology depends on several factors including the feed stream conditions (CO 2 content, pressure, temperature), CO 2 recovery of capture unit, electricity steam requirement, cost of electricity steam overall capture cost. Air Liquide/Lurgi have used their experience to optimize the next generation of steam methane reformers specifically designed to reduce CO 2 capture cost increase CO 2 capture rate. REFERENCES 1. Vauk, D., Kuttner, H., Impact of Greenhouse Gas Legislation on Hydrogen Plant Design Operation, NPRA 2010 Annual Meeting AM Nazim Z. Muradov, T. Nejat Veziroglu; Green path from fossilbased to hydrogen economy: An overview of carbon-neutral technologies, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 33 (2008) Vauk, D., Kuttner, H., Hydrogen Management in a CO2 Constrained Environment, ERTC 14 th Annual Meeting, Berlin, November Chaubey, T., Terrien, P., Valentin, S., Tranier, J-P., Shanbhag, U., Comparison of CO2 capture technologies on hydrogen plants, Ninth Annual Conference on Carbon Capture Sequestration, May 2010 Improved Fischer-Tropsch Economics Enabled by Microchannel Technology A.L. Tonkovich, Kai Jarosch, Sean Fitzgerald, Bin Yang, David Kilanowski, Jeff McDaniel, Tad Dritz* Velocys, Inc., 7950 Corporate Blvd., Plain City, Ohio 43064, USA (*Corresponding author; dritz@velocys.com) Abstract Microchannel process technology offers process intensification, in the form of enhanced heat mass transfer, to a wide range of chemical reactions. This paper describes the application of microchannel technology to the exothermic Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process, which converts synthesis gas into a petroleum replacement synthetic crude or fuels. Synthesis gas to feed the FT unit can be derived from a variety of feedstock materials, including natural gas biomass. By greatly reducing the size cost of chemical processing hardware, microchannel process technology enables cost effective production of synthetic fuels from smaller scale facilities, appropriate for biomass offshore natural gas resources. INTRODUCTION Sustained high oil prices, concern about global climate change, the drive for energy security have intensified attention on alternative fuels, including those produced from Fischer- Tropsch (FT) based processes. Although some very large stred natural gas coal resources warrant the construction of world-scale FT synthetic fuels facilities, many applications call for smaller-scale plants, including offshore gas-to-liquids (GTL), biomass-to-liquids (BTL) waste-toliquids opportunities. The concept of producing synthetic fuels in compact units hinges on the ability to economically scaledown reaction hardware while maintaining sufficient capacity. By greatly reducing the size cost of chemical processing hardware, microchannel process technology holds the potential to enable cost effective production of synthetic fuels in smaller scale facilities. FISCHER-TROPSCH PROCESS AND PRODUCTS The FT process was first developed by Franz Fischer Hanz Tropsch in Germany in the 1920s 1930s. The chemistry is based on making longer chain hydrocarbons from a mixture of carbon monoxide (CO) hydrogen (H 2), referred to as synthesis gas, at an elevated pressure temperature in the presence of a catalyst. The excess heat generated from the reaction has typically been removed by inserting boiler tubes that carry water. In theory, any source of carbon can be used to generate the synthesis gas. The majority of the products from FT synthesis are paraffinic waxes based on the following chemical equation. nco + (2n+1)H 2 C nh 2n+2 + H 2O (1) Typical byproducts are liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) naphtha. After the FT process, heavier hydrocarbons can be hydrocracked to produce distillate products, notably diesel jet fuels.[1] FT derived transportation fuels are typically referred to as synthetic fuels. During the 20th century, these fuels were derived from coal in situations where petroleum was not readily available, such as Germany in WWII South Africa during Apartheid. However, since the beginning of this decade, there has been a renewed interest in synthetic fuels for four reasons. First, with world dem for petroleum continually increasing while the world oil production has plateaued, there is a tremendous interest in alternative methods for liquid fuels production. Second, due to the absence of soot-forming aromatics other non-hydrocarbon contaminants, synthetic fuels burn cleaner than petroleumbased diesel jet fuels. Third, there are vast natural gas reserves considered stred, with no viable local uses or transportation means; these resources can be used to produce liquid fuels in an FT process. Finally, concerns about greenhouse gas emissions have increased interest in fuels derived from renewable, non-food biomass feedstocks. MICROCHANNEL PROCESS TECHNOLOGY Systems based on microchannel process technology have the potential to transform the energy chemical processing industries by greatly reducing the size of chemical reactor hardware. This technology has many parallels with the microelectronics that revolutionized the computer industry because it can shrink processing hardware while improving performance. Devices using microchannel technology are characterized by parallel arrays of microchannels, with typical dimensions in the 0.1 to 5.0 mm range. Processes are accelerated 10 to 1,000 fold by reducing heat mass transfer distances, thus decreasing transfer resistance between process fluids channel walls as shown in Table 1. System volumes can be reduced 10-fold or more compared with conventional hardware.[2] Table 1 Microchannel technology offers enhanced heat mass transfer units Microchannel Conventional Heat Transfer Convective W/cm <1 Boiling W/cm <1 Mass Transfer (contact time) Gas Phase Sec Microchannel technology is ideally suited for carrying out catalytic reactions that are either highly exothermic, such as FT synthesis, or highly endothermic, such as methane reforming. The heat generated in exothermic reactions or required for endothermic reactions must be efficiently transferred across reactor walls to maintain an optimal uniform temperature CACS Communication Fall CACS Communication Fall

14 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~CACS 30 th th Anniversary Special Issue~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Improved Fischer-Tropsch Economics Enabled by Microchannel Technology so as to achieve the highest catalytic activity the longest catalyst life. Conventional reactor systems use massive hardware to manage the heat in such reactions. A.L. Tonkovich, Kai Jarosch, Sean Fitzgerald, Bin Yang, David Kilanowski, Jeff McDaniel, Tad Dritz* Microchannel Fouling Velocys, Inc., 7950 Corporate Blvd., Plain City, Ohio 43064, USA Claims by microchannel practitioners are often met with (*Corresponding author; skepticism from industry, this commonly includes Water/Steam concerns about the plugging or fouling of the thouss of Water mm Abstract small channels inside each microchannel devices. While this is CO + 2H mm Microchannel process technology offers process intensification, in the form of enhanced 2 heat mass transfer, to a wide range of a legitimate worry, experiments show that two interrelated -(CH 2 )n- + H 2 O chemical reactions. This paper describes the application of microchannel technology to the exothermic Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process, strategies mitigate the risk of plugging: 1) high wall shear, which converts synthesis gas into a petroleum replacement synthetic crude or fuels. Synthesis gas to feed the FT unit can be derived 2) good flow distribution. from a variety of feedstock materials, including natural gas biomass. By greatly reducing the size cost of chemical processing Long duration microchannel vaporizer experiments were run hardware, microchannel process technology enables cost effective production of synthetic Figure fuels 2 Microchannel from smaller FT scale reactor facilities, schematic appropriate with without good flow distribution. For the devices with for biomass offshore natural gas resources. good flow distribution, no pressure drop increases were One of Sasol s FT Reactors that was installed in Qatar Coolant Out - Vapor Specifications Shell Diameter = 1.5m observed in runs ranging from 1,000 to 9,000 hours at both mft. Shell Length = 7.6m INTRODUCTION continually increasing while the world oil production has ambient high pressure (20.3 bar) conditions. The lack of Coolant flow length = 0.6m Repeating Sustained high oil prices, concern about global climate change, plateaued, there is a tremendous interest Units in Process alternative flow length = 0.6m pressure drop increases held true even when the feed water 360 bbl/day capacity the drive for energy security have intensified attention on methods for liquid fuels production. Second, due Process In to the was intentionally doped with high levels of dissolved solids. Coolant In alternative fuels, including those produced from Fischer- absence of soot-forming aromatics other non-hydrocarbon This absence of fouling within individual microchannels was Coolant Out - Liquid Tropsch (FT) based processes. Although some very large contaminants, synthetic fuels burn cleaner than Process petroleumbased diesel jet fuels. Third, there are vast natural gas Out (under shell - not shown) verified by post operational autopsies attributed to high Steam trace stred natural gas coal resources warrant the wall shear. Some fouling was noted in the headers footers, construction of world-scale FT synthetic fuels facilities, many reserves Figure considered 3 Microchannel stred, FT reactor with assemblies no viable (right) local are uses far or but they were sufficiently large as not to affect pressure drop applications call for smaller-scale plants, including offshore transportation smaller than means; conventional these resources technology can FT be reactors used to (left) produce or heat transfer performance.[3] gas-to-liquids (GTL), biomass-to-liquids (BTL) waste-toliquids opportunities. The concept of producing synthetic fuels greenhouse Multiple microreactors gas emissions are have manifolded increased parallel interest to in achieve fuels liquid fuels in an FT process. Finally, concerns about Manufacturing Techniques in compact units hinges on the ability to economically scaledown reaction hardware while maintaining sufficient capacity. compares a 10 reactor assembly with a conventional derived commercially from renewable, significant non-food production biomass volumes. feedstocks. Figure 3 Microchannel development efforts have gone beyond the process design methodology to include the manufacturing By greatly reducing the size cost of chemical processing MICROCHANNEL technology reactor. PROCESS From the outside, TECHNOLOGY microchannel assemblies techniques for devices that commonly operate at elevated hardware, microchannel process technology holds the Systems have a low based profile, on microchannel with external process dimensions technology of 1.5m have diameter the temperatures pressures. The selected process, known as potential to enable cost effective production of synthetic fuels potential by 8m long. to transform On the other the h, energy conventional chemical FT reactors processing have laminate fabrication, provides cost effectiveness, tight in smaller scale facilities. industries a diameter by of 9m greatly or more reducing are the over size 60m of tall. chemical reactor tolerances design flexibility for microchannel reactors hardware. This technology has many parallels with the which commonly accommodate a complex suite of chemical FISCHER-TROPSCH PROCESS AND PRODUCTS microelectronics Experimental Results that revolutionized the computer industry unit operations in a single device. Laminate construction The FT process was first developed by Franz Fischer Hanz because The testing it can of shrink an integrated processing microchannel hardware while FT pilot improving reactor, involves forming many parallel microchannels by interleaving Tropsch in Germany in the 1920s 1930s. The chemistry is performance. shown in Figure Devices 4, was using first completed microchannel in January technology of This are (stacking) thin sheets of formed material (shims) with solid based on making longer chain hydrocarbons from a mixture of characterized reactor had 40 by process parallel arrays 425 coolant of microchannels, microchannels. with typical sheets (walls). The steps of this process are shown in Figure 1. carbon monoxide (CO) hydrogen (H 2), referred to as dimensions in the 0.1 to 5.0 mm range. Processes are synthesis gas, at an elevated pressure temperature accelerated 10 to 1,000 fold by reducing heat mass transfer Feature Process In in the presence Shim of a catalyst. Creation The excess heat Stacking generated from distances, thus decreasing transfer resistance between Coolant process In the reaction has typically been removed by inserting boiler fluids channel walls as shown in Table 1. System volumes Cross Flow Design tubes that carry water. In theory, any source of carbon can be can be reduced 10-fold or more compared with conventional used to generate the synthesis gas. hardware.[2] Partial Boiling Water Coolant The majority of the products from FT synthesis are paraffinic Process length ~ 0.6 m Bonding Machining waxes based on the following chemical equation. Table Process 1 microchannels Microchannel = 40 technology offers enhanced heat mass transfer Coolant Length ~ 0.3 m nco + (2n+1)H 2 C nh 2n+2 + H 2O (1) Coolant microchannels units = 425 Microchannel Conventional Figure 1 Laminate microchannel fabrication process Typical byproducts are liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) Heat Nominal Transfer Capacity = ~ 7 lit/day naphtha. After the FT process, heavier hydrocarbons can be Convective W/cm <1 MICROCHANNEL FT REACTOR TECHNOLOGY Coolant Out Boiling W/cm hydrocracked to produce distillate products, notably diesel <1 Process Out The microchannel FT reactor system is an example of process Mass Transfer (contact time) jet fuels.[1] intensification, whereby the reactor volume to produce a Gas Phase Figure Sec 4 Pilot-scale microchannel FT reactor 1-10 FT derived transportation fuels are typically referred to as given amount of product is reduced by an order of magnitude synthetic fuels. During the 20th century, these fuels were or more, by utilizing enhanced heat mass transfer Microchannel The performance technology of a recent is pilot ideally reactor suited is shown for carrying Figure out 5. derived from coal in situations where petroleum was not capabilities of microchannel architecture. This increased catalytic The two reactions key numbers that are either conversion highly exothermic, of CO, such selectivity as FT readily available, such as Germany in WWII South Africa productivity is made possible with highly active cobalt-based synthesis, to methane. or The highly steady endothermic, state CO conversion such as methane was over reforming. 70%. The during Apartheid. However, since the beginning of this catalysts.[4,5] As shown in Figure 2, each reactor block has The reactor heat operated generated steadily in exothermic had reactions minimal or required change for in decade, there has been a renewed interest in synthetic fuels for thouss of process channels filled with FT catalyst endothermic conversion level reactions during must the 1,100 be efficiently hour run. transferred across four reasons. First, with world dem for petroleum interleaved with water filled coolant channels. reactor walls to maintain an optimal uniform temperature so as to achieve the highest catalytic activity the longest 100% 370 catalyst life. Conventional reactor systems use massive 90% 350 hardware to manage the heat in such reactions. 80% 70% 310 Microchannel Fouling 60% 290 Claims by microchannel practitioners are often met with CO Conversion 50% CH4 Selectivity 270 skepticism from industry, Temperature this commonly includes 40% 250 concerns about the plugging or fouling of the thouss of 30% 230 small channels inside each microchannel devices. While this is 20% 210 a legitimate worry, experiments show that two interrelated 10% 190 strategies mitigate the risk of plugging: 1) high wall shear, 0% 170 2) good flow 0distribution Time on stream (hr) Long duration Figure microchannel 5 Microchannel vaporizer FT reactor experiments demonstrated were run with without equivalent good of 28 flow - 44 bpd distribution. for a full-scale For reactor the devices with good flow distribution, no pressure drop increases were Selectivity observed in to runs methane, ranging also from known 1,000 as to methane 9,000 hours make, at both was approximately ambient high 9%. pressure Methane (20.3 production bar) conditions. is counterproductive The lack of pressure should drop be increases minimized. held The true 9% even methane when is the on feed par water with competing was intentionally fixed bed doped FT technologies. with high levels The reactor of dissolved was operated solids. at This conditions absence of that fouling correlated within individual to commercial microchannels scale reactor was capacities verified by of post operational bpd. autopsies attributed to high wall shear. Some fouling was noted in the headers footers, Process but they Scale-up were sufficiently large as not to affect pressure drop While or heat several transfer R&D performance.[3] groups around the world have shown the potential of microchannel reactors for process intensification, only Manufacturing Velocys has Techniques been successful in developing the technology for Microchannel industrial scale development applications. efforts This have effort, gone begun beyond in 1998, the spanned process design several key methodology scale-up steps, to include recently the manufacturing culminated fabricating techniques the for GTL devices demonstration that commonly device operate shown in at Figure elevated 6. When temperatures operated, this pressures. reactor will The have selected a nominal process, capacity known as of 1,000 laminate liters/day fabrication, or 6 barrels/day provides (bpd). cost The effectiveness, key scale-up steps tight are tolerances summarized design in Table flexibility 2. Note, the for GTL microchannel reactor has reactors passed quality which commonly inspections, accommodate was loaded a with complex catalyst, suite of has chemical been shipped unit operations for intergration a single into device. the demonstration Laminate construction facility infrastructure. involves forming many parallel microchannels by interleaving (stacking) thin sheets of formed material (shims) with solid Table sheets 2 (walls). Microchannel The steps FT process of this scale-up process are shown in Figure 1. Type/Units Size Year Run Time Feature Catalyst N/A ,200 hr Shim Creation Stacking Development 2003 Commercial Length 24 long hr Reactor with oil cooling Integrated Pilot Bonding 6 x 6 x 2 Machining ,000 hr Reactor water cooled (partial boiling) Full-scale Fabrication N/A 2008 mfg. test test Figure 1 Laminate microchannel fabrication process Field Demonstration 25 gal/day 2010 Now operating (FT MICROCHANNEL with boiler) FT REACTOR TECHNOLOGY GTL The Demonstration microchannel FT 6 reactor bpd system is 2011 an example 9 months of process intensification, whereby the reactor volume planned to produce a given amount of product is reduced by an order of magnitude Limited or more, manufacturing by utilizing scale-up enhanced is required heat beyond mass this transfer stage, as capabilities the commercial of microchannel scale reactor, with architecture. a capacity This to produce increased up to productivity 36 bpd of FT is products made possible will have with microchannel highly active shims cobalt-based that are the catalysts.[4,5] same size (24 x24, As shown 0.61x0.61m) in Figure 2, as each the reactor device block shown has in Figure thouss 6, but of a stack process height channels of 24 (0.61m). filled with FT catalyst interleaved with water filled coolant channels. Conversion, Selectivity (%) 330 Temperature ( C) Figure 6 Commercial microchannel manufacturing techniques validated Catalyst Integration Figure 2 Microchannel FT reactor schematic Placing catalyst in packed bed reactors can be a challenge for One of Sasol s FT Reactors that was installed in Qatar Coolant Out - Vapor any technology. Conventional FT reactors have Specifications as many as Shell Diameter = 1.5m mft. Shell Length = 7.6m 29,000 small (1 ) diameter tubes 12m in length, which must be Coolant flow length = 0.6m Repeating equally loaded then unloaded Units Process flow length = 0.6m after 2 to 5 years of 360 bbl/day capacity operation.[6] These high aspect ratio (over 500:1 Process length In to Coolant In diameter) tubes are hung in very large, immobile reactors, but Coolant Out - Liquid commercial integration techniques have been shown Process Out effective. (under shell - not shown) Steam trace Because microchannel technology has extremely small passages, Figure many 3 Microchannel expect loading FT reactor assemblies unloading (right) catalyst are far to be especially smaller challenging, than conventional but this technology was found FT not reactors be the (left) case. Catalyst loading, regeneration unloading for microchannel FT Multiple reactors microreactors have been are successfully manifolded demonstrated. in parallel to Multiple achieve operating commercially non-operating significant production reactors with volumes. commercial Figure length 3 microchannels compares a (aspect 10 reactor ratio 385:1 assembly length with to hydraulic a conventional diameter) have technology been reactor. repeatedly From loaded the outside, unloaded. microchannel A mechanical assemblies loading have a low method profile, is with employed external using dimensions commercially of 1.5m available diameter material by 8m long. hling On the techniques other h, conventional equipment. FT reactors have There a diameter are two of 9m types or more of catalyst are deactivation over 60m tall. in FT synthesis: 1) short-term deactivation caused by wax build-up /or partial oxidation Experimental of the Results cobalt catalyst particles, 2) longer term deactivation, The testing of which an integrated involves sintering, microchannel loss of FT pore pilot structure reactor, /or shown in poisoning. Figure 4, was The first completed is reversible; in January the second of requires This replacing reactor had the 40 process catalyst. For 425 short-term coolant microchannels. deactivation, in situ hydrotreating was shown to be effective at restoring catalyst activity. Figure 7 displays Process reactor In performance data at the same condition before after regeneration. 100% Partial Boiling 90% Water Coolant Process length 80% ~ 0.6 m 70% Process microchannels = 40 Conversion, Selectivity (%) Water CO + 2H 2 Cross Flow Design 60% Coolant Length ~ 0.3 m 50% Coolant microchannels = % Nominal Capacity = ~ 7 lit/day 30% 20% 10% Coolant Out Time on Stream (hr) CO Conversion CH4 Selectivity Temperature 0% Figure 4 Pilot-scale microchannel FT reactor The performance Figure 7 of Microchannel a recent pilot FT reactor in-situ regeneration is shown in Figure 5. The two key shown numbers effective are the at recovering conversion performance of CO, selectivity to methane. The steady state CO conversion was over 70%. The COMPARISON reactor operated WITH steadily COMPETING had FT minimal TECHNOLOGIES change in Due conversion to improved level during volumetric the 1,100 hour run. catalytic productivity, microchannel FT enables lower capital operating costs Regeneration Water/Steam mm mm -(CH 2 )n- + H 2 O Temperature ( C) Coolant In Process Out CACS Communication Fall CACS Communication Fall

15 compared to the following classes of conventional FT reactor systems: 1) tubular, fixed-bed, with a cobalt catalyst, 2) slurry-bubble with cobalt or iron catalyst. As noted above, in the tubular fixed bed reactor, the catalyst is packed in a large number of small diameter tubes with means to remove heat by boiling water outside the tubes. Like the microchannel FT, all reaction products (light hydrocarbon gases, naphtha, distillate, wax) exit the reactor through one outlet, leaving the catalyst behind in the reactor. The resulting products are segregated by sequential cooling.[7] In the slurry-bubble reactors, a heavy hydrocarbon liquid is used to suspend the catalyst the heavier products remain in the reactor while the light ones are removed from the top. A portion of the liquid mixture is continuously removed to recover the heavy hydrocarbon products, while the carrier liquid majority of the catalyst are recycled to the reactor.[8] Microchannel FT reactor technology has characteristics that provide substantial techno-economic benefits over conventional FT technology. The key benefits are as follows: 1) Microchannel FT has thin (1-2 orders of magnitude smaller characteristic dimension) reaction channels which greatly improves heat mass transfer. This allows optimal temperature control across the catalyst bed, which maximizes catalyst activity life. This leads to far higher reactor productivity, defined as barrels/day of FT product per ton of reactor mass (Figure 8). It also leads to 10 times higher catalyst productivity, defined as kg/hr of synthesis gas processed per cubic meter of catalyst volume. Both capital operating costs are thus reduced. Reactor Productivity (bpd/tonne) bpd Microchannel Reactor Assembly Shell - Bintulu Shell - Pearl Sasol - Oryx 0 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 Scale of Single Reactor (bpd) Figure 8 Microchannel FT improves reactor productivity achieves economy of scale at far lower capacity 2) The basic building blocks of the microchannel FT reactor design are components with parallel microchannels. These reactor components, which have fixed production capabilities, can be added or removed to match throughput requirements. When this modular design approach is combined with process intensification benefits discussed in item 1 above, two advantages are realized: a. Microchannel FT realizes economies of scale at much smaller size (500 bpd) than conventional technology (10,000 bpd). This advantage allows microchannel FT to be feasible for BTL applications since it is not practical to transport the required biomass feedstock of 10,000 tons/day for a 10,000 bpd facility. The smaller economy of scale also permits feasibility for offshore GTL. b. Since the basic reactor modules are small, reactor fabrication can take place at indoor shops, which speeds field installation. On the other h, conventional reactors must be stick built the time to field construct these facilities is long. 3) The modular approach of microchannel FT helps minimize downtime due to individual modules needing components or catalysts to be replaced. The conventional systems require the entire system to shutdown to make changes or repairs. 4) The microchannel FT not only has a smaller footprint, it also has a lower profile. Microchannel reactor assemblies are relatively small at 1.5m in diameter sit horizontally versus conventional FT reactors that are situated vertically can be more than 60m tall. This is a critical advantage for mobile offshore installations (Figure 9). FT Reactor FT Reactor Figure 9 Small size low profile eases installation operation in offshore environments COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS Since conventional FT technologies are not economically viable at small scale, below 10,000 bpd, the current focus for FT planning installation projects are coal-based facilities, in U.S. China, or large l-based natural gas fields, such as those in Qatar. Coal-to-Liquid Challenges Several Coal-to-Liquid (CTL) projects are underway in China, but the prospects are different in the U.S. In late 2006 early 2007, several coal-based fuel facilities were announced, ranging in size from 6,400 to 80,000 bpd, using 4,000 to 50,000 tons per day (tpd) of coal.[9] However, to date, none of the U.S. facilities have entered the construction phase a number have been cancelled. There are two primary hurdles for coal-to-liquid (CTL) facilities. First, the life cycle carbon (greenhouse gas) emissions for fuels from a CTL facility are 30% to 80% higher than petroleum-based fuels. This carbon footprint is clearly unacceptable to environmental groups more importantly, key customers. The Energy Independence Security Act of 2007 prevents federal agencies, including Department of Defense, from purchasing fuels with more greenhouse gas emissions than petroleum-derived fuels thereby will require CTL operators to sequester the carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions.[10] In some cases, operators will be able to capture the CO 2 use that stream for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) projects. This approach is well proven but in many cases, EOR is not a viable option due to the location /or size of the CTL project. Therefore, CTL promoters are evaluating the option of sequestering CO 2 in deep saline aquifers. While the Department of Energy (DOE) is funding a number of sequestration research demonstration projects, this route has not been proven is expected to be costly. In contrast, BTL facilities can reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by up to 90% when compared to petroleum-based fuels. For this reason, many domestic CTL developers are now planning to blend biomass to reduce carbon emissions. Second, the proposed CTL projects have multi-billion dollar price tags are based on processes that are not yet commercially proven in the U.S. Due to the size of these investments the technical risk of sequestration, U.S. CTL developers have not been able to secure financing for their projects. Once the sequestration, financing technical questions have been resolved, CTL projects will likely begin occurring at a substantial pace. However, some industry experts anticipate these questions might not be answered for a decade or more. Biomass-to-Liquids Biomass feedstock materials are not easily aggregated transportation costs to large BTL plants are high. Microchannel FT can overcome these challenges by economically operating small (500-2,000 bpd) plants that require about 500-2,000 tpd of biomass. These synthesis gas generation plus FT synthesis facilities can then be located near low-cost, biomass sources. The heavy hydrocarbon products can then be economically shipped to central upgrading (refining) facilities since the FT product density is much higher than that of biomass. The feedstock choices for FT are non-food biomass, such as forest residues, agricultural residue, municipal solid waste (MSW), construction demolition waste (CDW). Based on the DOE estimates data on waste sent to lfills, the biomass supply is large enough to replace more than half of petroleum-based distillate fuel dem [11] as shown in Figure 10. Offshore Gas to Liquids Natural gas without access to the world market is known as stred gas. This includes large reserves in remote places associated gas that is co-produced with oil. The quantity of stred gas is estimated to be between 900 9,000 trillion cubic feet in volume,[12,13] which is sufficient to supply current level of U.S. distillate fuels dem for more than 300 years. Billions of Gallons/Year Current Dem MSW/CDW Forest Agricultural Figure 10 U.S. dem for distillate fuel versus biomass available for conversion to FT fuels As noted above, natural gas is either co-produced with petroleum or sits on top of petroleum reservoirs. With no local market for this gas, oil production is not possible without venting, flaring or reinjection of this gas back into the reservoir. Venting is not allowed as the global warming potential of methane is 21 times that of CO 2. Flaring is also effectively banned in many countries due to GHG emissions other issues. Finally, reinjection currently cost up to $13 per equivalent barrel of petroleum, these costs are highest offshore. A better solution is to convert this gas into liquid fuels in a FT process. Unfortunately, GTL plants based on conventional FT technology require very large reserves. For example, only about 6% of the world s gas fields are large enough to sustain a 10,000+ bpd GTL plant. Reducing the production rate to 2,000 bpd makes approximately 40% of gas fields viable sources. Microchannel FT permits economic production at this smaller scale.[14] Another advantage of microchannel FT technology is that it enables facilities to be placed on offshore structures. A conceptual sketch of such a plant is shown in Figure 11. Figure 11 Microchannel FT concept floating production storage offloading (FPSO) CONCLUSION Due to a number of factors, including sustained high oil prices, concern about global climate change, the drive for energy security, alternative fuels are receiving an unprecedented level of attention. These include FT-based synthetic fuel processes CACS Communication Fall CACS Communication Fall

16 that can convert a wide variety of feedstock materials, such as coal, natural gas biomass, into ultra-clean transportation fuels. Of the potential raw materials used for alternative fuels, biomass stred natural gas are seen as the most attractive due to their abundance potential for low life cycle carbon emissions. Furthermore, the application of microchannel technology to FT enables cost effective production at the smaller-scales appropriate for BTL offshore GTL facilities. First generation biofuels, including corn ethanol biodiesel, are prevalent today, but are seen as only an interim solution due to their use of food crops for raw material. Next generation biofuels, ones that use non-food biomass, are a more sustainable choice. Systems based on microchannel FT produce high quality, energy-dense fuel from a wide variety of resources, including waste wood, energy crops municipal solid waste. Furthermore, they permit favorable economics for smaller-scale facilities, suitable for next generation biofuels. Due to ever stricter flaring regulations, associated natural gas is typically seen as a cost of oil exploration production because of the capital equipment energy required to reinject the gas back into the reservoir. The cost of associated gas is highest offshore, where drilling wells installing equipment are more expensive, deck space is at a premium. The opportunity lies in the ability to monetize the natural gas through an FT-based GTL process enabled by microchannel technology; thereby, transforming the burden of associated gas into a valuable resource that increases revenues stretches reserves. The process intensification possible with microchannel FT improves volumetric productivity efficiency, reducing capital cost shrinking facility footprints, which is essential for offshore facilities. REFERENCES 1. Strange, A. M.; AIChE 2003 Spring National Meeting, New Orleans, LA, K. T. Jarosch, A. L. Tonkovich, S. T. Perry, D. Kuhlmann, Y. Wang, Reactors for Intensifying Gas-to-Liquid Technology, in Microreactor Technology Process Intensification, ACS Symposium Series n 914, September Y. Tonkovich, Y. et al, Microchannel Fouling Mitigation: Flow Distribution Wall Shear Effects, AIChE Fall Y. Wang, D. P. Verwiel, A. Y. Tonkovich, Y. Gao E. G. Baker, US 6,451, Y. Wang, D. P. Verwiel, A. Y. Tonkovich, Y. Gao, E. G. Baker, US 6,558, B. Altemühl, Svetsaren: ESAB Welding Cutting Journal, Vol. 63, No. 1 (2008), p R.L. Espinoza, A.P. Steynberg, B. Jager, A.C. Vosloo, Applied Catalysis A: General 186 (1999) Font Freide, Joep J. H. M.; Collins, John P.; Nay, Barry; Sharp, Chris, American Chemical Society, Division of Petroleum Chemistry, Preprints, v 50, n 2, March, 2005, p J. Bereznicki, Alter NRG Analyst Report, Paradigm Capital, April 15, Energy Independence Security Act of 2007, Public Law , 110th Congress, Signed December 19, L. Wright, B. Boundy, B. Perlack, S. Davis, B. Saulsbury, Biomass Energy Data Book: Edition 1, September Petroconsultants-MIA Zeus International, Remote Gas Development Strategies, HIS Energy Services, September Agee, M., "Taking GTL conversion offshore," OTC 10762, Offshore Technology Conference, May 3-6, N. Jones, T. Tveitnes, The M-flex LNG Carrier CHINESE-AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY MEMBERSHIP FORM New Application Renewal Information Update 1. Name Chinese name 2. Affiliation/Title 3. Mailing Address 4. Telephone Work ( ) Home ( ) 5. Work Home 6. Fax Work Home 7. Degree Field School 8. Current Job Function Academia Industrial R&D Consulting Sales/Marketing Manufacturing Management Engineering/Design Computer Application Other (specify) 9. Please indicate your interests in the following committees Membership Committee Newsletter Committee Website Committee Program Committee Public Relationship Committee 10. Recommended by: (optional) I hereby apply for membership to the CACS as a Regular Member ($20/year) Student Member ($10/year) Life Member ($200 in one payment) Corporate Member ($850/year) Additional Contributions: $ (Tax Deductible) Please make check payable to CACS or Chinese-American Chemical Society mail to: Chu-An Chang, CACS Treasurer, Clifton Way, Castro Valley, CA Date Signature CACS Communication Fall

17 Immediate Openings at NICE (National Institute of Clean--low-carbon Energy) 北京低碳清洁能源研究所 National Institute of Clean--low-carbon Energy is a national institute focused on energy R&D is located in Beijing. NICE is funded by the ShenhuaGroup, one of the largest integrated energy companies. NICE is positioning to become a world-recognized institute in the field of clean & low-carbon energy, is seeking qualified cidates with R&D /or engineering experience in the following fields: Novel routes for conversion upgrading of coal biomass to fuels chemicals Novel materials systems for clean low carbon energy applications State of the art coal power plant design, process optimization, emission control CCS CO 2 utilization including Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Renewable energy chemicals Energy storage If you are interested in a rewarding career challenging opportunity please visit our website where you will find details on opportunities with us. To apply, please submit your CV cover letter via our website, or send to Opportunities@nicenergy.com.For qualified cidates we offer internationally competitive salaries benefits.