Same on the outside, different on the inside ODP. Insulation GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL AND OZONE DEPLETION POTENTIAL OF DIFFERENT PIR INSULATION

Transcription

1 Insulation Third Issue November 2016 See rear cover for applicable countries Same on the outside, different on the inside GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL AND OZONE DEPLETION POTENTIAL OF DIFFERENT PIR INSULATION ODP Low Energy Low Carbon Buildings

2 Global Warming Potential and Ozone Depletion Potential of Different PIR Insulation CFCs, HCFs, HCFCs & PIR Insulation It is important to understand that, whilst reducing the energy consumption and related carbon dioxide emissions, of a building, thermal insulation and pre-insulated ductwork panels can negatively impact on climate change and ozone depletion, if they are not manufactured in a responsible way. Blowing agents are typically used to enhance the thermal performance of PIR insulation, by filling the cells within the insulation with a low thermal conductivity gas. This gas can be released into the atmosphere through various channels, such as during the manufacture of the product, during transit or after the product is ceased to be used. What is Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP)? CFCs, HCFCs and other substances released into the atmosphere can react with the ozone layer in a negative way. A molecule of chlorine can react with the ozone and catalyse the conversion of ozone molecules into oxygen. One chlorine atom has the potential to destroy more than 100,000 ozone molecules. This is the process of ozone depletion and has already caused a substantial amount of damage to the ozone layer. Blowing agents used in the manufacture of PIR insulation products, such as CFCs HCFCs and HFCs, can accelerate climate change and ozone depletion if they are released into the atmosphere. A blowing agents impact on ozone depletion and climate change is characterised by its Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) or Global Warming Potential (GWP). Figure 1: Hole in the ozone layer: 2016 ODP is the ratio of ability of a substance to degrade ozone, to that of chlorofluorocarbon-11 (CFC-11), which therefore, has a value of 1. HCFC-141b has an ODP of 0.11,10 times less degrading than CFC-11. Other substances, such as Pentane, have an ODP of zero., i.e. they do no harm to the ozone layer. What is Global Warming Potential (GWP)? GWP is the ratio of ability of a substance to trap heat in the atmosphere, to that of carbon dioxide. The more heat the gas traps, the bigger its potential to contribute to global warming. A GWP is calculated over a specific time interval, commonly 20, 100 or 500 years. CFC-11 has a GWP, over 100 years, of 4,250, HCFC-141b has a GWP of 725, HFCs have a GWP of up to 1,640 and Pentane has a GWP of below 5. 2

3 The Montreal Protocol The Vienna Convention, which took place over 30 years ago, enabled international co-operation in researching the effects of ozone depleting substances (ODSs) on the ozone layer, and was the basis on which the Montreal Protocol was produced in September, At the time, twenty four countries and the European Economic Community signed the Protocol, which requires the reduction and eventual phasing out of CFCs and other ODSs, such as HCFCs. In 1989, Article 5 of the Montreal Protocol was developed. This allowed developing countries to become part of the action against ozone depletion, by setting different, but attainable, targets for these countries to meet. Article 5 countries within the GCC include U.A.E., Qatar and Oman. CFCs should now have been phased out by all countries that signed the Montreal Protocol. HCFCs have only been completely phased out by Non-Article 5 countries, but their complete phase out in Article 5 countries is imminent. As such, many PIR insulation manufacturers in U.A.E., Qatar and Oman may have turned to HCFCs or HFCs as an interim blowing agent. However, this product has a high GWP and could impact negatively on climate change. Measuring CFC/HCFC content The facts surrounding the impact of CFCs and HCFCs are well known by manufacturers with many claiming that their products are CFC/HCFC-free. However, following some recent tests, undertaken at All Futtaim Exova LLC, Kingspan Insulation has discovered that some U.A.E. manufactured products continue to contain both CFCs and HCFCs. The results are shown in the table below. One method of measuring CFC, HCFC and HFC content of any cellular foam, is to perform a cell gas analysis. This can be performed using static headspace gas chromatography (GC). During this process, a headspace extractor is used to take a sample of the blowing agent (gas) from inside the cells of the foam material. These samples of the insulation are placed in a glass vial and sealed. The glass vials are heated, which causes the blowing agent to dissipate once the temperature reaches a certain point. A needled syringe is then pushed through the seal to extract a sample of the blowing agent. The sample is injected into the chromatograph and analysed. This determines the composition of the blowing agents inside the material. Furthermore, following the 28th meeting in Rwanda in October 2016, the Montreal Protocol was amended to not only include Ozone Depleting Substances, but also substances deemed to have a high Global Warming Potential. This led to the subsequent agreement that HFCs would also be phased out under the Montreal Protocol. The dates agreed are different for Article 5 and Non-article 5 countries, with Article 5 countries further being split into two groups. The U.A.E, Qatar and Oman have committed to creating a baseline between , with a freeze in 2024 and phase out by Sample Claim CFC Detected HCFC Detected Sample from U.A.E. Manufacturer 1 CFC/HCFC-free None HCFC 141b Sample from U.A.E. Manufacturer 2 CFC/HCFC-free CFC-11 HCFC 141b Sample from U.A.E. Manufacturer 3 CFC/HCFC-free None HCFC 141b Sample from U.A.E. Manufacturer 4 CFC/HCFC-free CFC-11 HCFC 141b Kingspan PalDuct Hydro Panel CFC/HCFC-free None None Table 1: CFC/HCFC content of panels, used for fabricating pre-insulated ductwork, manufactured within the U.A.E. 3

4 Illegal Trade in Ozone Depleting Substances Clearly, from our findings, we can see that there is illegal trade in ODSs being undertaken in the U.A.E. and this illegal trade is not unknown globally. It is widely accepted that the illegal trade of ODSs is undertaken through false labelling, mis-declaration of documents, concealment, false recycled materials and transhipment fraud. As such, under the Montreal Protocol the Informal Prior Informed Content Mechanism (ipic), Article 7 and Article 4b were developed. Aimed at monitoring, licensing and import/ export data of new, used, recycled and reclaimed controlled substances. However, there are clearly some imports slipping through the net and there have been many instances recorded since the complete phase-out in 2010 of CFCs. Local Guidance Within the Dubai Municipalities guidance document which enforces the phase-out of CFCs and HCFCs entitled Technical Guideline Number 7: Policy on the control of Ozone Depleting Substances, insulation manufacturers should have ceased the use of CFCs and their use should have been phased out by the start of This document ensures compliance with the obligations of Montreal Protocol for Article 5 countries. Within Dubai Municipalities guidance document, Al Sa fat, Dubai Green Building Evaluation System, thermal and acoustical insulation materials must be manufactured without the use of CFCs. Additionally, within Al Sa fat, heating, ventilation and airconditioning (HVAC) equipment must contain refridgerants with zero ODP and a GWP of less than

5 Within the Estidama Rating Systems, 1 credit point is available if all thermal insulation materials used have an Ozone Depletion Potential of zero (ODP=0) and a Global Warming Potential of less than 5 (GWP 5). This includes all blowing agents used in the manufacture of the insulation, but also, all those used to spray it in place, if required. Kingspan PalDuct Hydro - a CFC/HCFC-free Product Kingspan PalDuct Hydro Panels comprise a fibre-free high performance rigid thermoset polyisocyanurate (PIR) insulation core, faced on both sides with an embossed aluminium foil. The aluminium foil is lacquered with corrosion resistant polymer varnish. Property Value 20PH80 30PH200 Product Thickness (mm) Product Dimensions (mm) x x 1200 Kingspan KoolDuct Panels, Kingspan PalDuct Hydro Panels, all products in the Kingspan Kooltherm Range, the Kingspan Therma range and the Kingspan Styrozone N-range and are manufactured with blowing agents that are deemed to have, or have, a zero Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) and a Global Warming Potential (GWP) <5. Density (kg/m 3 ) Thermal Conductivity (mm) 50 ± 5 50 ± Table 2: Kingspan PalDuct Hydro Panels product data The core is manufactured with a CFC/HCFC-free blowing agent, which has zero Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) and Global Warming Potential (GWP) of less than 5. Kingspan PalDuct Hydro Panel 5

6 Prestige Projects Project Name: Location: Building Use: Product: Four Seasons - Al Maryah Island Abu Dhabi, U.A.E. Hotel The Kingspan PalDuct Hydro System 6

7 7 Project Name: Location: Building Use: Product: Khalifa University Abu Dhabi, U.A.E. Education The Kingspan PalDuct Hydro System

8 Kingspan Insulation LLC reserves the right to amend product specifications without prior notice. Product thicknesses shown in this document should not be taken as being available ex stock and advice should be sought directly from Kingspan Insulation LLC. The information, technical details and fixing instructions etc. included in this literature are given in good faith and apply to uses described herein. Recommendations for use should be verified as to the suitability and compliance with actual requirements, specifications and any applicable codes, laws and regulations. For other applications or conditions of use, contact Kingspan Insulation LLC. Advice should be sought for uses of Kingspan Insulation products that are not specifically described herein. The fire tests referenced in this literature and the assigned results are not intended to reflect hazards presented by the materials and products described herein under actual fire conditions. Please check that your copy of the literature is current by visiting Kingspan Insulation LLC P.O. Box , Dubai Investment Park 2, Dubai, U.A.E. Tel: Fax: info@kingspaninsulation.ae Countries comprise: all of Africa; South and Central America except Mexico; the Caribbean; the Middle East and Asia as far north and east (and including) Turkey, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh. TM Kingspan, KoolDuct, Kooltherm, Therma, Styrozone the Pal Device and the Lion Device are Trademarks of the Kingspan Group plc.