SOLAR ENERGY and SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS IN VIETNAM

Transcription

1 SOLAR ENERGY and SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS IN VIETNAM Prof. Le Chi Hiep Director, Program on Renewable Energy & Energy Conservation (VNU-HCM) Berlin, October 9, 2009

2 OUTLINE 1. GENERAL INFORMATION 2. SOLAR ENERGY and ITS APPLICATIONS IN VIETNAM 3. SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS IN VIETNAM 4. DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION

3 1. GENERAL INFORMATION

4 VIETNAM Population 85.8 millions (2009) Area 332,000km 2 Capital Hanoi

5 Latitudes and Longitudes of several main provinces/cities in Vietnam Location Latitude Longitude Ha Giang 22 o 54 N 105 o E Hanoi 21 o 03 N 105 o 54 E Hue 16 o 29 N 107 o 36 E Da nang 16 o 03 N 108 o 12 E Qui Nhon 13 o 47 N 109 o 15 E HoChiMinh City 10 o 45 N 106 o 41 E Phu Quoc 10 o 12 N 103 o 58 E Ca Mau 9 o 11 N 105 o 09 E

6 Installed electric generating capacity (9GW GW, 2004). In 2004, Vietnam generated 40.1 billion kilowatthours (Bkwh)) of total electricity, of which 52 percent was supplied by conventional thermal sources and 48 percent came from hydroelectric sources. Electricity demand has increased steadily in Vietnam during the last decade, but the country s s per capita energy consumption remains one of the lowest in Asia.

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10 2. SOLAR ENERGY and ITS APPLICATIONS IN VIETNAM

11 Mean Annual Sunshine Hours North: hours of sunshine a year, on average. South: hours of sunshine a year, on average.

12 MONTHLY MEAN SUNSHINE HOURS (Hours/day) Location: HANOI (21( o 03 N, 105 o 54 E) January 2.2 February 1.6 March 1.4 April 2.7 May 5.3 June 5.2 July 5.9 August 5.3 September 5.4 October 5.3 November 4.2 December 3.5

13 MONTHLY MEAN SUNSHINE HOURS (Hours/day) Location: DANANG (16( o 03 N, 108 o 12 E) January 4.4 February 5.1 March 3.4 April 6.9 May 8.3 June 7.9 July 8.3 August 6.7 September 5.8 October 4.7 November 4.0 December 3.6

14 MONTHLY MEAN SUNSHINE HOURS (Hours/day) Location: HOCHIMINH City (10( o 45 N, 106 o 41 E) January 7.9 February 8.8 March 8.8 April 7.7 May 6.3 June 5.7 July 5.8 August 5.6 September 5.4 October 5.9 November 6.7 December 7.2

15 MONTHLY MEAN SOLAR RADIATION (kwh/m 2 /day) Location: HANOI (21( o 03 N, 105 o 54 E) January 2.24 February 2.40 March 2.53 April 3.46 May 5.23 June 5.31 July 5.59 August 5.10 September 4.79 October 4.18 November 3.45 December 2.97 Annual Mean Solar Radiation: 3.93kWh/m 2 /day

16 MONTHLY MEAN SOLAR RADIATION (kwh/m 2 /day) Location: DANANG (16( o 03 N, 108 o 12 E) January 3.5 February 4.3 March 5.2 April 5.8 May 6.4 June 5.9 July 6.5 August 5.7 September 5.2 October 4.2 November 3.1 December 2.5 Annual Mean Solar Radiation: 4.85kWh/m 2 /day

17 MONTHLY MEAN SOLAR RADIATION (kwh/m 2 /day) Location: NHA TRANG (12( o 15 N, 109 o 11 E) January 4.66 February 5.29 March 5.69 April 5.91 May 5.90 June 5.66 July 5.66 August 5.51 September 4.92 October 4.42 November 4.04 December 4.15 Annual Mean Solar Radiation: 5.15kWh/m 2 /day

18 MONTHLY MEAN SOLAR RADIATION (kwh/m 2 /day) Location: HOCHIMINH City (10( o 45 N, 106 o 41 E) January 5.1 February 6.3 March 6.6 April 5.7 May 5.0 June 4.9 July 5.1 August 5.0 September 4.8 October 4.5 November 4.3 December 4.6 Annual Mean Solar Radiation: 5.2kWh/m 2 /day

19 Location: Ho Chi Minh City, April 28 th, 2005 "Average Solar Radiation" in "10 Minute Summary" of "Current" database at " " W/m Thu Apr AM 12PM 3PM

20 Location: Ho Chi Minh City, June 28 th, 2005 "Average Solar Radiation" in "10 Minute Summary" of "Current" database at " " W/m Tue Jun AM 12PM 3PM

21 Location: Ho Chi Minh City, March 5 th, 2009 (Total solar radiation, W/m 2 ) 09: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :50 474

22 Location: Ho Chi Minh City, March 5 th, 2009 (Total solar radiation, W/m 2 ) 14: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :50 0

23 Solar Applications Two main applications: - Solar hot water - Solar photovoltaics

24 Solar hot water has been developed since At the early period, it was very difficult to get the attention of the community. But, since around 1998, the number of installed solar hot water systems has gradually increased, especially in Ho Chi Minh city.

25 Currently, solar hot water has become one of products at high competition. That leads to the increase of the number of companies doing business in this field. But, there is so far no full industry referring to solar hot water. The main components of the system (solar collector, ) ) are imported, mainly from China.

26 3. SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS IN VIETNAM

27 3.1. RESEARCH Researches referring to solar photovoltaics have been done from 1975.

28 Early research interests 1. Monocrystalline silicon 2. Polycrystalline silicon 3. Amorphous silicon

29 Current research interests Determination of the light- induced degradation rate of the solar cell sensitized N719 on nanocrystalline TiO2 particles Thermal degradation kinetics of solar cell dye N719 bound to nanocrystalline TiO2 particles Fabrication of solar cells based on N719, D520-dyed nano-crystalline titanium dioxide and investigation of their performances Improvement of the Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Open- circuit Voltage by Electrolyte Additives and Cell Treatment with 4-tert4 tert-butylpyridine

30 The Relationship between Electrochemical Impedance Spectra and Photovoltaic Performance Characteristics during the Light and Thermal Ageing of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Effects of Electrolyte Additives on the Open-circuit Voltage of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Decomposition and degradation of dyes in solar cells under prolonged thermal and light ageing Dye-sensitized solar cell based on nano-crystalline titanium dioxide

31 Fabrication of solar cells based on titanium dioxide and organometallic dyes Grid connected systems

32 But, due to many difficulties, the research on solar photovoltaics is nearly activities of scientists in laboratory only. It has not exercised its influence on the society.

33 3.2. APPLICATION In 1990, the first 300Wp Wp-unit was installed at Can Gio district, Ho Chi Minh city. From 1994, solar photovoltaics has been expanded in the whole country. Currently, total installed photovoltaics is around 2MWp.

34 Installed locations: - Rural areas (PV units were installed at more than 3000 houses, there have been around 8500 families who can reach PV indirectly by using batteries charged from stations). - Cultural centers. - Medical centers. - Telecommunication units. - Traveling boats.

35 - Post offices - Ambulances. - Public lighting systems. - Traffic lighting systems. - Battery charging stations. - Schools. - Islands.

36 2000Wp Reference:

37 Reference: 810Wp

38 Reference:

39 Main features of photovoltaic development in Vietnam: - Most budgets funded by international organizations and several funded by national agencies (there is so far nearly no personal budget invested to set up the system). - It leads to unstable and unsustainable development. - All solar panels are so far imported.

40 Currently, there are only several companies doing business on photovoltaics in Vietnam. SELCO-VIETNAM could be considered as the biggest company in this field (Installed photovoltaics 262kWp kwp)

41 Several related websites for your reference:

42 Recently, a factory producing solar panels has been installed in Long An near Ho Chi Minh City. By planning, its expected capacity is 3MWp/year3 (first step) and 5MWp/year5 (next step).

43 4. DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION

44 4.1. DISCUSSION

45 There is high potential to exploit solar energy in Vietnam. There is also high demand on solar technologies such as solar photovoltaics and solar hot water. (Survey:: 50,000 families in southern and central parts of the country need PV systems)

46 Current situation on solar photovoltaics: 1. Solar hot water has been developed well, especially in the southern parts of the country. Currently, it is easy to see solar hot water systems on roofs of many houses in Ho Chi Minh city. 2. In the meantime, solar photovoltaics has been almost done by projects.. There have been only a few people who want to invest the systems by their own budget.

47 Referring to energy policy, currently there are good enough macroscopic policies and roadmap to promote renewable energy activities in Vietnam. In June 2009, the draft of the law on energy conservation was submitted to the government s s consideration. Hopefully, the similar draft of the law on renewable energy could be submitted next year.

48 According to the current energy policy, renewable energy including solar energy is expected to be one of main energy resources of the country.

49 But, unfortunately, the current applications of renewable energy, especially of installed solar photovoltaics,, are still far from our expected targets. Although there have been activities referring to photovoltaics in Vietnam leading to around 2MWp2 installed, but Vietnam is still nearly a blank area in terms of photovoltaics.

50 Referring to the current situation, there are two main questions: - WHY? - Do we really need photovoltaics?

51 YES, we need solar photovoltaics. But, like everywhere, the first main reason is always the price.

52 To set up a photovoltaic system, we often need: - Solar panel (Kyocera, SolarWorld, ) - Control system - Battery (Phoenix, ) - Converter - Others Current mean price in Vietnam (including solar panel and main components): 8USD/Wp 8-10USD/Wp

53 That price is too high, it can not get the attention of the community We can see: - Rural area: : very high demand on solar photovoltaics,, but because of high price poor people can not dream of getting it. - Urban area: : good electricity supply from the national grid. But, if the price is good enough, solar photovoltaics can also attract the attention of the people living in the urban area to prevent unexpected power shortage (It is quite often in Vietnam, especially in the dry season).

54 - Currently, there is general macroscopic energy policy. But, there are so far no concrete policies such as tax exemption and financial supports, - Solar panels and corresponding parts are mainly imported. There is nearly no industry referring to solar photovoltaics in Vietnam, except one factory named RED SUN in Long An near Ho Chi Minh City.

55 Thus, what do we need to speed up the application of solar photovoltaics in Vietnam? Price reduction: 1. In-country fabrication by local and foreign investment. 2. Detailed policies focusing on tax exemption, or tax reduction, or financial supports.

56 Development strategy: Two steps: 1.To promote the application of solar photovoltaics in Vietnam, we should firstly set up the new projects,, it means we should not wait for the personal demands paid by personal budgets. The new projects must be totally different from the previous ones, which have been often funded by international or national organizations and have been installed mainly for demonstration purpose.

57 The new projects should be invested by people who are intending to do business in this field. Under this point of view, the new projects should not be decentralized and should be connected to the grid.. In order to set up the projects, it must be repeated that we need good financial policies, hopefully, which would be published in the first quarter of the next year.

58 2. Following the success of the first step, the solar photovoltaics together with its low price can get the attention of the community. After this step, hopefully personal budgets can be expended to buy solar panels.

59 SOLAR ROOF should be considered as one of main strategic approaches parallel with the new projects (step 1) to promote photovoltaic application in Vietnam, especially at NEW URBAN AREAS. There is high potential to develop the notion SOLAR CITY at NEW URBAN AREAS.

60 4.2. CONCLUSION

61 It s s time to invest and to do business referring to solar photovoltaics in Vietnam.

62 Nearly blank market and blank area in terms of solar photovoltaics are awaiting you.

63 Let s s spend several seconds to sweep a part of the survey done by a German colleague Vietnam Needs Investors To Promote Use Of Renewable Energy Technologies. The Government of Vietnam has been exploring more and more the possibilities for investment in the country as they recognize the toll that electricity shortages nationwide are causing.

64 The climate of Vietnam is conducive to positive impacts from solar energy use, and the sun is a priceless commodity in both summer and winter. Research information shows that sunshine is available between 1,800 hours and 2,700 hours annually.

65 Experts agree that solar energy is a great way to fill off-grid electricity needs, especially in areas of a higher concentration of pollution where mini-grids are not a good idea. Sherry Irvin on behalf of the BascoTec Internet Limited Technologie Park Paderborn Germany

66 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION