Kyoto Protocol Implementation

Transcription

1 Kyoto Protocol Implementation Dr. Ionut PURICA

2 Topics for discussion Romania Kyoto Protocol in Romania Emission credits resource The past The future

3 Location: South East of Central Europe Surface: 238,391 square km (roughly 91,800 sq.miles), the13 th in Europe Neighbours: To the South: Bulgaria To the West: Serbia and Hungary To the North: Ukraine To the East: Moldova 42 counties, 268 cities The main cities: Bucharest (capital), Cluj-Napoca, Iaşi, Constanţa, Timişoara, Galaţi, Craiova, Braşov, Ploieşti, Brăila. Population: 21, inhabitants (July, 2003).

4 RELIEF has remarkable proportional distribution (31% mountains, 36% hills and plateaus, 33% fields and river meadows) as well as its concentric arrangement and gradual changes from a relief form to another. NATURAL PROTECTED AREAS According to Law no.462/2001 concerning natural protected areas regime, the conservation of natural habitats, wild fauna and flora, in our country there are: 831 sites covering a surface of 1,23 millions ha. (5.2% of the country s territory). biosphere s reserves (3), national parks (6), natural parks (11), and scientific reserves, nature s monuments and natural reserves. The most important protected area is Danube Delta Biosphere reserve.

5 Economy Gross Domestic Production: Services 44.6% Industry % Agriculture 11.7% Constructions 5.7% Transports and Communication - 9.6% Services Industry Agriculture Constructions Transports Gross Domestic Product increased from 2000 with approximate 5% per year, and 8.1% in The contribution of Industry sector to GDP was 40.1% in 1990, but only 28.4% in Transports and Communication sectors are greater with 5.1% in 2003 than in 2001, representing 9.6% from GDP.

6 Kyoto Protocol in Romania

7 UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) - signed by Romania in ratified by Law no. 24/ Romania, a country with the process of transition to a market economy, is included in Annex I. National Commission on Climate Change - established by Governmental Decision H.G. no. 1275/ inter-ministerial body - coordinated by the Ministry of Environment and Water Management - to promote the necessary measures and actions for a unitary application of the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol s provisions at the national level

8 Flexible mechanisms provided by Kyoto Protocol Joint Implementation (JI) between parties included in Annex I of UNFCCC (developed countries economies in transition) The only mechanism implemented in Romania at this moment Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) between a party included in Annex I of UNFCCC and a party which is not on the list of Annex I (developed countries developing countries) at this moment Romania has no projects in this direction Emissions Trade(ET) between parties included in Annex I of UNFCCC at this moment it is not an active mechanism EU ET Directive starts implementation

9 The Kyoto Protocol - signed at UNFCCC - COP 3 in Kyoto, in ratified in Romania by Law no. 3/ Romania was the first country from Annex I of UNFCCC to ratify this document. Bilateral Agreements - Agreements for Joint Implementation projects developing - Signed between Romanian Government and other states included in the Annex I of UNFCCC: the Netherlands, Switzerland, Austria, Norway, Denmark, Sweden, France and also with the World Bank (Prototype Carbon Fund).

10 Kyoto Protocol Romania s commitments To reduce greenhouse gas emissions in with 8% from the emissions level recorded in 1989 To establish, no later than 2007, a national system for the estimation of greenhouse gas emissions To establish a National Registry of greenhouse gas emissions before the starting of the first commitment period To draft and implement policies with a view to promote sustainable development

11 Emission credits resource

12 Greenhouse gas emissions trends by gas (Gg CO2 equivalent) GHG EMISSION CO 2 emission Net CO 2 emission CH N 2 O PFCs TOTAL Thou. tones CO 2 Eq

13 Trends of the net aggregated greenhouse gas emissions

14 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION in (projection) thousand tones CO2 Eq Year Emission KYOTO target

15 The past

16 Procedure of Joint Implementation (JI) projects in Romania Romania is included in the Annex I of UNFCCC Joint Implementation projects could be implemented in Romania only with Memorandum of Understanding signatory countries. The negotiations for the Memorandum of Understanding are made by the Ministry of Environment and Water Management in the name of the Romanian Government. The Memorandum is signed by the Minister of Environment and Water Management on behalf of the Romanian Government and ratified by Parliament.

17 Projects are registered by the Ministry of Environment and Water Management, These projects are analyzed within the National Commission on Climate Change and, depending of the decision, are proposed for further investigation in order to establish the proper documentations for approval. Project Design Document (PPD), examined by the National Commission on Climate Change, should contain: description of the project the baseline study monitoring plan project risks assessment

18 List of Joint Implementation Projects in Romania No Projects Agreement 1. Swiss Thermal Energy Project in Buzau and Pascani (AIJ/JI) 2. Development of the municipal utilities - Heating System in Fagaras - second stage 3. Modernisation of 3 hydro units in Portile de Fier I hydrostation project 4. Refurbishing of the cement factories Alesd and Campulung 5. Modernization of the first 4 hydro units in Portile de Fier II hydrostation Project 6. Geothermal energy use in Oradea-Area 2 and Beius District Heating Systems MoU Switzerland MoU Norway ERUPT 2 the Netherlands ERUPT 2 the Netherlands ERUPT 3 - the Netherlands MoU Denmark 7. Sawdust 2000 Project MoU Denmark 8. Afforestation of 7000 ha degraded agricultural soils Host Country Agreement with PCF 9. Landfill gas recovery in 6 major cities Project ERUPT 4 - the Netherlands 10 Municipal Cogeneration Targoviste ERUPT 4 the Netherlands 11. Rehabilitation of Bucharest District Heating System** MoU Switzerland

19 The future

20 Managing AAUs Allocate AAUs to meet KP commitment (-8%) Determine reserve AAU for post 2012 evolution Use AAUs to guarantee ERUs generated before 2008 in JI projects Develop green investment schemes Sell AAUs directly to support local pollution abatement initiatives

21 GgCO2 available AAUs after meeting KP commitment (-8%)

22 The ERUs economic cycle Identification - Data base of ERU generating projects: ready for technology and local partners Production - Support fund for projects financial schemes (Green Investment Scheme: WB, JBIC, bilateral): cover overall project risk Certification - Operational projects: ERU certified for transfer in JI or ET mechanisms, also approved for AAU guarantee. Selling - Emission credits exchange: allows ERU trade by local and international companies for ERUs not under JI transfers. Checking - Monitoring of projects ERU generation

23 The ERUs institutional framework National strategy on climate change for Kyoto Protocol/EU Directive on ET implementation Inventory and reporting (national communication) Register National Allocation Plan EU emissions trading scheme setting up and implementation Agency dedicated to managing the process

24 Proposals for Joint Implementation Projects in Romania Increase of energy efficiency in main economic sectors or activities Rehabilitation of the district heating systems Construction (or rehabilitation) of co-generation installations (combined production of thermal and electric energy) Recuperation of GHGs coming from urban waste landfills Fuel switching in energy productive installations Construction (or rehabilitation) of energy production installations which create clean energy (especially hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, solar, biogas or biomass) Minimization of GHGs emissions coming from agriculture or cattle breading activities Afforestation and/or reforestation of land

25 THANK YOU