DRAFT LEED EB Reference Guide Materials and Resources August 25, 2003

Transcription

1 MATERIALS AND RESOURCES (MR) Building materials choices are important in sustainable design because of the extensive network of extraction, processing, and transportation steps required to process them. Activities to create building materials pollute the air and water, destroy natural habitats, and deplete natural resources. Construction and demolition wastes comprise about 40% of the total solid waste stream in the U.S. One of the most effective strategies for minimizing the environmental impacts of material use is to reuse existing buildings. Rehabilitation of existing building shells and non-shell components reduces solid waste volumes and diverts these waste volumes from landfills. It also reduces environmental impacts associated with the production and delivery of new building products. Reuse of an existing building minimizes habitat disturbance and typically requires less infrastructure such as utilities and roads. An effective way to use salvaged non-shell components in new buildings is to specify these materials in construction documents. When new materials are used in buildings it is important to consider different material sources. Salvaged materials can be included in the project to add character to the building and savings on material costs. Recycled content materials reuse waste products that would otherwise be deposited in landfills. The use of local materials supports the local economy and reduces the impacts of transportation. The use of rapidly renewable materials and certified wood minimize the impact of natural resource consumption to create new building materials. In recent years, public and private companies have begun to reduce construction waste volumes by recycling and reusing these materials. Recovery and recycling activities typically involve job site separation into multiple bins or disposal areas. These activities can also take place off-site if space is not available on the project site. 1

2 Materials and Resources Prerequisite: Waste Management Waste Management Prerequisite 1.1: Waste Stream Audit MR-Prerequisite 1.1: Intent Establish minimum recycling program elements and quantify current waste stream production volume. MR-Prerequisite 1.1, Section 1: Requirements Conduct a waste stream audit to establish current waste baseline and implement and maintain procurement/management policies to reduce waste stream through purchasing strategies and collection station equipment and agreements, and occupant awareness notices. MR-Prerequisite 1.1, Section 2a: Submittals for Initial Certification under LEED EB Waste Stream Audit and Reduction Actions Provide a copy of the waste stream audit conducted to establish current waste baseline. Provide copy of procurement/management policies implemented to maintain reduced waste stream through purchasing strategies and collection station equipment and agreements, and occupant awareness notices. MR-Prerequisite 1.1, Section 2b: Submittals for Subsequent, Ongoing Re- Certification under LEED EB If there has been no change to these since previous LEED EB filing provide statement that there has been no change. If there has been a change to these since previous LEED EB filing provide updated policies. MR-Prerequisite 1.1, Section 3: Summary of Referenced Standard Standards Cited: No Standard Cited MR-Prerequisite 1.1, Section 4: Green building Concerns Recycling has become an integral part of American culture in the past two decades. Curbside recycling is now a standard service in many urban communities. Residents separate their recyclables and place them in special bins at the curb for weekly or biweekly pickup. Recycling is also becoming the norm in other parts of American life. For instance, office workers recycle paper, airlines recycle aluminum cans, and manufacturing facilities recycle scrap materials such as steel, plastic, and wood. Occupant recycling rates vary by building type. Table 1 provides an estimate of solid waste generation for various building types. 2

3 Table 1: Solid Waste Generation Rates Building Type Warehouses Office Buildings Department Stores Supermarkets Restaurants Drugstores Cafeterias Clubs Hotels Schools Hospitals Nursing Homes Source: International Dynetics Corporation Amount of Solid Waste 1.5 lbs/100sf/day 1 lb/100 SF/day 3 lbs/100 SF/day 7 lbs/100 SF/day 2 lbs/100 SF/day 3 lbs/100 SF/day 0.5 to 0.75 lbs/meal 1.5 lbs/meal 2 lbs/room/day & 2 lbs/meal 6 lbs/room & 0.25 lbs/student/day 20 lbs/bed/day & 2 lbs/meal 4 lbs/person/day As an example of the potential for occupant recycling, the waste stream of a large federal office building was analyzed before recycling efforts were employed. The average weight of waste per employee was 2.9 pounds per day. Many of the listed materials, if not all, could be recycled instead of landfilled. The results of the study are shown in Table 2. Table 2: Solid Waste Stream Characterization Recyclable Material Percentage (by volume) High-grade paper 39.6% Low-grade paper 20.2% Glass 11.8% Miscellaneous Paper 7.4% Newsprint 7.0% Food Waste 2.9% Cardboard 2.8% Plastic 2.6% Metal 1.8% Other 3.9% 3

4 The most effective method for promoting recycling activities is to create convenient opportunities for building occupants to recycle. This includes designating adequate space for recycling activities and storage of recyclable material volumes. MR-Prerequisite 1.1, Section 5: Environmental Issues By creating convenient recycling opportunities for building occupants, a significant portion of the solid waste stream can be diverted from landfills. Recycling of paper, metals, and plastics reduces the need to extract virgin natural resources. For example, recycling one ton of paper prevents the processing of 17 trees and saves three cubic yards of landfill space. Recycled aluminum requires only 5% of the energy required to produce virgin aluminum from its raw material, bauxite. Recycling also reduces environmental impacts of waste in landfills. Land, water, and air pollution impacts can all be reduced by minimizing waste volumes sent to landfills. MR-Prerequisite 1.1, Section 6: Economic Issues Recycling requires minimal initial cost and offers significant savings in reduced landfill disposal costs or tipping fees. However, recycling activities use floor space that could otherwise be used for other activities. In larger buildings, processing equipment such as can crushers and cardboard balers are effective at minimizing the space required for recycling activities. MR-Prerequisite 1.1, Section 7: Strategies and Technologies In the design phase, designate well-marked collection and storage areas for recyclables including office paper, newspaper, cardboard, glass, metals, plastic, and organic waste. Locate a central collection and storage area in the basement or on the ground level with easy access for collection vehicles. Size the collection and storage space to accommodate recyclables storage. Research local recycling efforts to find the best method of diverting recyclable materials from the waste stream. Provide instruction to occupants and maintenance personnel on recycling procedures. Encourage activities to reduce and reuse materials before recycling in order to reduce the amount of recyclable volumes handled. For instance, building occupants can reduce the solid waste stream by using reusable bottles, bags, and other containers. The City of Seattle has an ordinance that requires minimum areas for recycling and storage of recyclables in commercial buildings. The ordinance is based on the total square footage of the building. Minimum areas for residential buildings were also specified. The ordinance can be downloaded at Table 3 can be used as a guideline to size your recycling area. Table 3: Recycling Area Guidelines Commercial Building Square Footage (SF) Minimum Recycling Area (SF) 0 to 5, ,001 to 15, ,001 to 50,

5 50,001 to 100, ,001 to 200, ,001 or more 500 In addition to providing sufficient and accessible space for recycling, other devices may further facilitate recycling efforts. These include, but are not limited to, cardboard balers, aluminum can crushers, and recycling chutes. Engage in a waste stream audit that studies and documents the material that enters the building that results in the generation of waste. Establish materials and supplies purchasing policies that reduce the supply side of waste generation. Place recycling containers throughout the building. Conduct occupant awareness campaigns. Engage recycling company. MR-Prerequisite 1.1, Section 8: Synergies and Trade Offs Dense urban areas typically have recycling infrastructure in place but additional space for collection and storage may be costly. It is possible that recyclable collection and storage space could increase the building footprint in some instances. It is important to address possible IAQ impacts on building occupants due to recycling activities. Those activities that create odors, noise, and air contaminants should be isolated or performed during nonoccupant hours to maintain optimal IAQ. MR-Prerequisite 1.1, Section 9: Calculations, Template Documents and Other Materials Generally speaking, a waste stream audit is a procedure to guide and individual or an organization through a series of steps that provide data on how much waste is generated, disposed of and recycled. The waste stream audit looks at how materials are purchased, what materials are brought in to a facility and what goes out of a facility as waste. This audit can also identify what materials are actually recyclable. Follow the steps below to complete an example waste stream audit. These steps were adapted from the Passaic County, New Jersey Office of Natural Resource Programs, Simple as Commercial Waste Audit. Step 1. Waste Disposed Container Type (dumpster or compactor) Container Size (cu. yds.) (A) (B) (C) (D) Frequency Estimated Total Weight of % Filled (tons/month) collection (per month) Container Capacity (tons) Total Weight (tons/year) Step 1 Grand Total in tons/yr. 5

6 Step 2 Materials Recycled Material Quantity (tons/yr.) Recycling Market Name and Address Newspaper Glass Aluminum Tin/bi-metal High grade paper Mixed paper Corrugated Plastics Scrap metals Construction/demolition Tires Used motor oil Auto batteries Leaves Grass Food waste Other Other Step 2 Grand Total Tons/yr Step 3 Total Waste Stream Waste Disposed + Materials Recycled = Total Solid Waste Stream Step 1 grand Total + Step 2 Grand Total = Step 3 Grand Total tons/yr + tons/yr. = tons/yr. Step 4 Waste Composition (A) (B) (C) (D) Material Estimated Material Generated (% of waste stream Tonnage Generated Per Year (from Step 5) Tonnage Material Recycled (from Step 2) Newspaper Glass Aluminum Tin/bi-metal High grade paper Mixed paper Corrugated Current Recycling Rate (from Step 6) 6

7 Plastics Scrap metals Construction/demolition Tires Used motor oil Auto batteries Leaves Grass Food waste Other Other DRAFT LEED EB Reference Guide Materials and Resources Step 5 Tonnage Generated Per Year for Each Material Estimated Material Generated x Total Waste Stream = Total Tons/Yr. Generated Step 4 (A) % Totals x Step 3 Grand = Step 5 Totals Total tons/yr x tons/yr = tons/yr Step 6 Current Recycling Rate for Each Material Tonnage Material Recycled + Total Waste Stream x 100 = Recycling Rate Step 2 Totals + Step 3 Grand Total x 100 = Step 7 % Grand Total tons/yr + tons/yr x 100 = % Step 7 Calculating the Overall recycling Rate Tonnage Material Recycled + Total Waste x 100 = Overall Recycling Rate Step 2 Grand Total + Step 3 Grand Total x 100 = Step 7 % Grand Total tons/yr + tons/yr x 100 = % MR-Prerequisite 1.1, Section 10: Other Resources Websites Business Resource Efficiency and Waste Reduction A program from the California Integrated Waste Management Board to assist in office 7

8 recycling and waste reduction efforts. Waste at Work An online document from Inform, Inc., and the Council on the Environment of New York City on strategies and case studies to reduce workplace waste generation. Earth s Information and education programs on recycling as well as regional links to recyclers in your area. Recycling at Work A program of the U.S. Conference of Mayors that provides information on workplace recycling efforts. Print Media Composting and Recycling Municipal Solid Waste by Luis Diaz, et. al., CRC Press, McGraw-Hill Recycling Handbook by Herb Lund, McGraw-Hill, MR- Prerequisite 1.1, Section 11: Definitions Definitions Recycling is the collection, reprocessing, marketing and use of materials that were diverted or recovered from the solid waste stream. A Landfill is a waste disposal site for the deposit of solid waste from human activities. MR- Prerequisite 1.1, Section 12: Case Study Note: A LEED EB Case Study will be added from the LEED EB Pilot Applications when these become available. 8

9 Waste Management Prerequisite 1.2: Recycling MR-Prerequisite 1.2: Intent Establish minimum recycling program elements and quantify current waste stream production volume. MR-Prerequisite 1.2, Section 1: Requirements Provide/maintain an easily accessible recycling area that serves the entire building and that is dedicated to the separation, collection and storage of materials for recycling including (at a minimum) paper, glass, plastics, and metals. MR-Prerequisite 1.2, Section 2a: Submittals for Initial Certification under LEED EB Recycling Facilities Provide floor plan copies highlighting locations of collection and storage of materials separated for recycling and the easily accessible area that serves the entire building and that is dedicated to the separation, collection and storage of materials for recycling including (at a minimum) paper, glass, plastics, and metals. MR-Prerequisite 1.2, Section 2.b: Submittals for Subsequent, Ongoing Re- Certification under LEED EB If there has been not change to these since previous LEED EB filing provide statement that there has been no change. If there has been a change to these since previous LEED EB filing provide updated information. MR-Prerequisite 1.2, Section 3: Summary of Referenced Standard Standards Cited: No Standard Cited MR-Prerequisite 1.2, Section 4: Green building Concerns MR-Prerequisite 1.2, Section 5: Environmental Issues MR-Prerequisite 1.2, Section 6: Economic Issues MR-Prerequisite 1.2, Section 7: Strategies Engage in a waste stream audit that studies and documents the material that enters the building that results in the generation of waste. Establish materials and supplies purchasing policies that reduce the supply side of waste generation. Place recycling containers throughout the building. Conduct occupant awareness campaigns. Engage recycling company. MR-Prerequisite 1.2, Section 8: Synergies and Trade Offs 9

10 MR-Prerequisite 1.2, Section 9: Calculations, Template Documents and Other Materials MR-Prerequisite 1.2, Section 10: Resources MR- Prerequisite 1.2, Section 11: Definitions MR- Prerequisite 1.2, Section 12: Case Study Note: A LEED EB Case Study will be added from the LEED EB Pilot Applications when these become available. 10

11 Waste Management Prerequisite 1.3: Reduced Mercury in Light Bulbs Intent Establish a minimum source reduction program to reduce creation of waste and a recycling program to reduce waste stream. MR-Prerequisite 1.3, Section 1: Requirements Maintain mercury content of all mercury containing light bulbs below 90 picograms per lumen hour of light output (picogram/lumen hour), on weighted average, for all mercury containing light bulbs acquired for the existing building and associated grounds. MR-Prerequisite 1.3, Section 2: Submittals Initial LEED-EB Certification Provide a copy of the organizational policy specifying that purchases of mercurycontaining light bulbs, for use in the existing building on a going forward basis, will be made in such a way that the annual average mercury content of these light bulbs is less than 90 picograms/lumen hour. The annual weighted average mercury content of these light bulbs is calculated by: dividing the total weight of mercury in all the light bulbs acquired during the performance period by the product of the rated hours of life, as stated by the manufacturer (3 hrs on, 20 minutes off, Linear fluorescents and Compact fluorescents, HID lamps 11 hours on) and the design or mean light output of the light bulbs (in lumens, Fluorescent lamps powered by instant-start ballast power factor of 1.0). These calculations should show the total mercury content in the light bulbs acquired, the total lumen hours of light output for all the light bulbs acquired, the number of lamps of each types acquired, and the overall weighted average mercury content in picograms/lumen hour for all light bulbs acquired. Provide records of all acquisitions during the performance period of mercurycontaining light bulbs for use in the building and grounds, and calculations showing that the annual weighted average mercury content of these light bulbs is less than 90 picograms per lumen hour. MR-Prerequisite 1.3, Section 2: Submittals LEED-EB Recertification If there has been no change to the purchasing policy specifying that the annual average mercury content of these light bulbs is less than 90 picograms/lumen hour, provide a signed letter documenting its continued existence and implementation. Provide records of all mercury-containing light bulb acquisitions during the performance period and calculations showing that the annual average mercury content of these light bulbs is less than 90 picograms/lumen hour. OR If the mercury-containing light bulb purchasing policy has changed, provide a copy of the revised plan highlighting any changes to the 90 picograms of mercury/lumen hour standard. Provide records of all mercury-containing light bulb acquisitions during the performance period and calculations showing that the annual weighted average mercury content of these light bulbs is less than 90 picograms/lumen hour. 11

12 MR-Prerequisite 1.3, Section 3: Summary of Referenced Standard Standards Cited: Lamp Life Standards: IESNA LM (01-Dec-2001) Standard for Life of Tubular Fluorescence Note: Conduct life test using 3 hours on 20 minute off cycling and instant start ballast with a ballast factor of 1. IESNA LM (01-Dec-2001) Standard for Life of HID Lamps IESNA LM (01-Dec-2001) Standard for Life of Single-Ended Compact Fluorescent Lamps Lamp life Standards: Lumens are measured in sphere following prescribed IES methods. LM 9-Linear fluorescent LM 66 Compact fluorescent LM 51-HID lamps Lamp Lumen Mercury Content Measurement Standards: Option 1: Obtain manufacturer's certification as to mercury content of each type of light bulb acquired. (If mercury content is provided as a range use the high end of the rage in these calculations.) Option 2: Test each type of light bulb acquired using USEPA Total Mercury by Cold Vapor Absorption Method 7471A MR-Prerequisite 1.3, Section 4: Green Building Concerns Several types of light bulbs contain mercury. Reducing the mercury content in light bulbs purchased is a mercury source reduction action that building owners can implement to reduce the amount of toxic material they bring into their buildings. Fluorescent, high intensity discharge (HID), and compact fluorescents are examples of light bulbs that contain mercury. HID light bulbs include mercury-vapor, high-pressure sodium, and metal halide light bulbs. High efficiency light bulbs with low mercury content are available. There are three ways to reduce the mercury brought into buildings in mercury containing light bulbs: lower mercury content, longer life and increased lumen output. By paying attention to these factors, organizations can purchase lighting with low weighted average mercury content and still maintain energy efficient buildings. MR-Prerequisite 1.3, Section 5: Environmental Issues Building owners need to address what they want to bring into their buildings. Mercury is a toxic substance that bio-accumulates. Several types of light bulbs contain mercury and reducing mercury content in light bulb purchases is a mercury source reduction action that building owners can implement. Mercury used by the light bulb manufacturing industry has reduced over time. In 1984, the industry used 57 tons of mercury and by 1997 the industry had reduced this amount to 32 tons of mercury. Not all of the mercury used in light bulb manufacturing goes into the light bulbs. The total amount of mercury contained in light bulbs has been reduced as well. The total mercury contained in florescent light bulbs was 17 tons in 1994, 13 tons in 1999, and 9 tons in 2001 (Source: Fluorescent Lamps and the Environment, NEMA). Light bulb purchasers can further 12

13 this trend by buying lower mercury content bulbs from the available range for each type of lighting. The less mercury that is brought into a building in light bulbs, the greater the contribution to source reduction. Source reduction is the most complete solution to reducing introduction of toxic materials, such as mercury, into the environment. MR-Prerequisite 1.3, Section 6: Economic Issues High efficiency light bulbs with long life, low mercury content and high lumen output are available. By paying attention to this issue, organizations can lower the average mercury content of their lighting. High efficiency light bulbs, with lower mercury content, generally do not cost more than light bulbs of comparable type performance with higher mercury content. Longer life bulbs and higher output bulbs do cost more, but the improvements in life reduce maintenance cost and the improvement in lumens may mean fewer lamps are needed. This means that the bulb purchasing cost and operating cost should be about the same when achieving the low average mercury content required by this prerequisite (and may in fact be lower). This prerequisite requirement of 90 picograms/lumen hour maximum mercury content is the weighted average mercury content of mercury containing light bulbs purchased each year, during the performance period This flexibility allows the purchase of light bulbs with a range of mercury contents including some lower and some higher than the average mercury content target. The primary approach for achieving the target mercury reduction in light bulbs is to purchase bulbs with low mercury content, long life, and high light output. Each of these three variables can help drive down the mercury content per lumen hour. Examples of types of light bulbs that are available with low mercury content, long life, and high light output are T-8 and T-5 fluorescent light bulbs. For existing buildings, if the approach of purchasing lamps with lower mercury content, higher lumen output and longer does not provide sufficient mercury content reduction, some light fixtures (for which only high mercury content bulbs are available (some HID fixtures)) may need to be replaced with light fixtures for which low mercury content bulbs are available (fixtures that accommodate T-8 or T-5 tubular fluorescent light bulbs for example). If such fixture replacement is required to allow broader use of low mercury content light bulbs, it will be a one-time cost and only needs to be implemented for enough fixtures to allow the average mercury content target to be achieved. (Retrofits in some applications of T-5 lamps replacing HID have proven to be cost effective in certain applications.) For lighting upgrade projects and for lighting in new buildings, the foundation for achieving this prerequisite can be put in place by designing the lighting so that a high enough percentage of the lighting fixtures installed accommodate low mercury bulbs such that the weighted average light bulb mercury content target can be achieved. 13

14 MR-Prerequisite 1.3, Section 7: Strategies and Technologies Engage in a waste stream audit that studies and documents the material that enters the building that results in the generation of waste. Establish materials and supplies purchasing policies that include source reduction, which reduces the supply side of waste generation. Develop a Plan for Achieving Target 1. Project your lighting lamp replacement requirements for the next year. Note: it is a good idea to consider including group light bulb replacement to maximize the energy efficiency of lighting. 2. Identify low mercury and no mercury light bulb replacement options that fit the existing fixtures and also meet energy efficiency objectives. 3. For all projected acquisitions of mercury containing light bulbs, create a spreadsheet, described in Section 9 below, and evaluate projected annual average mercury content of all mercury containing lamps. 4. If the annual weighted average mercury content of all the projected mercury containing light bulbs is too high, identify lower mercury content light bulbs that can be used in existing fixtures and upgrade projected replacements to lower mercury content light bulbs. 5. If the annual weighted average mercury content of all the projected mercury containing light bulbs is still too high, identify opportunities to use lower mercury content light bulbs. Identify these opportunities by upgrading some of the existing fixtures, that do not accommodate lower mercury content light bulbs, to new fixtures that do accommodate lower mercury content light bulbs. Install lower mercury content light bulbs in the fixture replacements. 6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 until the weighted average mercury content of all mercury containing light bulbs, projected to be acquired over the next year, is far enough below the 90 picograms/lumen hour target such that future annual acquisitions of mercury containing light bulbs will also meet this target. Implement Plan Establish and use mercury content purchasing standards for each type of bulb used in your building or on your grounds Track Achievement Track monthly achievements and compare to monthly targets so corrections can be made as necessary to achieve annual target. MR-Prerequisite 1.3, Section 8: Synergies and Trade Offs High efficiency light bulbs with low mercury content, long life, and high lumen output are available. By paying attention to these aspects of light bulb design and performance, organizations can purchase high efficiency lighting with low average mercury content. Light bulbs with lower mercury content generally do not cost more than light bulbs of a comparable type performance with higher mercury content. This means that the bulb purchasing cost and operating cost should be about the same when achieving the low average mercury content required by this prerequisite. 14

15 This prerequisite requires a maximum of 90 picograms of mercury/lumen hour weighted average for the mercury containing light bulbs purchased each year. This allows the flexibility to purchase light bulbs with a range of mercury contents, including some lower and some higher than the average mercury content target. MR-Prerequisite 1.3, Section 9: Calculations, Template Documents and Other Materials A. Documentation to be Collected by LEED EB Participant Prepare a spreadsheet listing: 1. All acquisitions (purchases, donations received, etc.) of light bulbs that are used on the site and in the building being certified. Include light bulbs used for all indoor and outdoor lighting. 2. Replacement cycle for each type of light bulb. 3. Mercury content of each type of light bulb. 4. Life of each type of light bulb 5. Lumen output at 40% of life (design or mean lumens) 6. Calculation of total mercury contained in all mercury containing light bulbs acquired per month and per year. 7. Calculation of total weight of mercury containing light bulbs acquired per month and per year (note: include only light bulbs that contain mercury in this calculation). 8. Calculation of total lumen hours that the purchased lamps will deliver, using the lamp life and the lumen output at 40% of lamp life. (Note: include only light bulbs that contain mercury in this calculation). 9. Calculation of weighted average monthly and weighted average annual mercury content of all mercury containing light bulbs acquired in picograms per lumen hour. Calculation of average monthly and average annual mercury, acquired through light bulbs, per gross square foot of building floor space Each organization applying for certification needs to maintain this supporting documentation and be able to provide it to the USGBC on request. Template for Organizational Mercury in Lighting Policy Statement Name of Organization: Organization Policy on Reduction of Mercury Content of Light Bulbs Purchased Objective This organization is committed to reducing the mercury content of the mercury containing light bulbs acquired for use in our building and on our site to less than 90 picograms per lumen hour, on average. 15

16 Implementation Each year, a plan for light bulb purchases for the next year will be prepared by the organizations Maintenance Department. This purchasing plan will be used to set the maximum mercury content, life and lumen output for each type of bulb to be purchased such that the weighted average mercury content will be 10 percent less than the target. If necessary, change some of the lighting fixtures to accommodate lower mercury light bulbs in order to reach this goal. The Purchasing Department will use these mercury content maximums for purchases of each type of light bulb. Tracking The Purchasing Department will maintain records of all purchases of mercurycontaining light bulbs, for use in the building and on the site, and carry out calculations of the average monthly and weighted average annual mercury content of these lamps. If the monthly mercury content and cumulative annual mercury content is not at least 10 percent below the mercury/lumen hour target, the mercury content, life and lumen output of the lamps purchased for the remainder of the year will be reduced. This reduction in lamp purchasing will maintain the weighted annual mercury content/lumen hour at least 10 percent below the target of 90 picograms mercury/lumen hour. Reporting If at any time during the year corrective action is required to stay on track for achieving the mercury content reduction target, inform the Organization s Director of Facility Management that corrective action was required and the specific corrective action taken. Within 60 days of the end of the reporting year: provide a report on the mercury content of the mercury containing light bulbs purchased in the last year; a comparison of the reduction achievement to the goal; and any planned changes in the mercury content in light bulb reduction program for the current year. This Policy is Adopted by (Name of Organization) on (Date). Signature of Head of Organization: Name of Head of Organization (printed): Title: Template Filing Statement Name of organization: Contact: Date: 16

17 Statement of Achievement for Materials and Resources Prerequisite 1.3 This is a statement or achievements of (name of organization) during the reporting year from: State date of reporting year: End date of reporting year: Achievements: 1. The total mercury contained in all mercury containing light bulbs acquired during the year is: grams. 2. The total lumen hours the mercury containing light bulbs acquired during the year will deliver is: lumen hours. 3. The average monthly and average annual mercury content of all mercury containing light bulbs acquired is: picograms per lumen hour 4. The average monthly and average annual mercury content of all light bulbs acquired divided by the gross square feet of building floor space in grams per square foot is:. 5. Our organizational policy on reducing mercury in light bulbs purchased is attached. Signature Head Facility Manager of Organization:. Name Head Facility Manager of Organization (printed): Contact Information for Head Facility Manager of Organization: Telephone: Fax: address: Mercury Calculations Example: Basic Formula: Sum of mercury content for all mercury containing light bulbs in grams Divided by Sum for all mercury containing light bulbs of the lamp life in hours multiplied by the design lumen output 17

18 Calculation Example for a Building: Type of Lamp Number Acquired in Performance Period for Building and Grounds One Lamp Hg Content (milligrams) One Lamp Design Light Output (Lumens) One Lamp Life (Hours) Total Hg Content for All Lamps of this Type (grams) Total Lumen Hours that will be Delivered by All Lamps of this Type (Hours) T-8 Four Foot Compact Fluorescent HID Lamp Totals Mercury Content (Picograms/Lumen Hour) 53.7 MR-Prerequisite 1.3, Section 10: Other Resources Lighting Efficiency Energy Star : MR- Prerequisite 1.3, Section 11: Definitions None available at this time. MR- Prerequisite 1.3, Section 12: Case Study Note: A LEED EB Case Study will be added from the LEED EB Pilot Applications when these become available. 18

19 Materials and Resources Credit 1: Continued Existing Building Use MR-Credit 1: Intent Extend the life cycle of existing building stock, conserve resources, retain cultural resources, reduce waste, and reduce environmental impacts of new buildings as they relate to materials manufacturing and transport. MR-Credit 1, Section 1: Requirement Continue to occupy an exiting building by reusing, on an ongoing basis, 100% of shell and more that 50% of non-shell building components. MR-Credit 1, Section 2a: Submittals for Initial Certification under LEED EB Provide a signed statement that the applicant continues to occupy the building that is being submitted for LEED EB certification. MR-Credit 1, Section 2b: Submittals for Subsequent, Ongoing Re-Certification under LEED EB If there has been no change since the previous LEED EB filing provide statement that there has been no change. If there have been any changes since the previous LEED EB filing provide updated information. MR-Credit 1, Section 3: Summary of Referenced Standard Standards Cited: None MR-Credit 1, Section 4: Green building Concerns Many opportunities exist to rehabilitate existing buildings. Commercial companies often rehabilitate old buildings to take advantage of prime location, lower building costs, and desirable building characteristics. MR-Credit 1, Section 5: Environmental Issues Continuing to use an existing building significantly reduces construction waste volumes leaving the project site. Reuse strategies also reduce environmental impacts associated with raw material extraction, manufacture, and transportation of new or recycled materials. Finally, building reuse minimizes habitat disturbance associated with developing on a greenfield site and typically requires less new infrastructure development for utilities and roads. MR-Credit 1, Section 6: Economic Issues The economics of continued use of an existing building on many factors including structural and material integrity, building code compliance, fire and safety compliance, adaptability to the new building program, possible contamination issues, and energy and environmental efficient retrofit considerations. A critical review of all these elements is necessary to determine the costs of continued use of an existing building versus constructing a new building. 19

20 Continued use of an existing building can reduce the first costs of building substantially. For instance, the Southern California Gas Company reused an existing building for its Energy Resource Center and estimated a savings of approximately $3.2 million, based on typical first costs for a 44,000 square foot building. The largest savings were realized in masonry (87% savings), site work (57% savings), concrete (49% savings), and carpentry (70% savings). MR-Credit 1, Section 7: Strategies and Technologies The building envelope has a significant impact on energy performance and operational costs over the lifetime of the building. Evaluate the building s structural integrity and skin, functional suitability, code-compliance, historic and cultural significance, and adaptability. In addition, consider the environmental attributes of the building, the surrounding site, and the structural shell. Examples of environmental attributes include solar benefits or drawbacks, transportation access, existing air quality levels, and the possibility for upgrading outdated building components such as insulation and glazing. Identify asbestos, lead-based paint, and other contaminants in the building and apply required or appropriate removal or isolation measures. Consider upgrading outdated components with new components that can enhance energy efficiency, water efficiency, and indoor environmental quality. Building systems to consider for upgrade include HVAC systems, plumbing systems, insulation, and windows. Continue to occupy an exiting building. MR-Credit 1, Section 8: Synergies and Trade Offs The location of the existing building determines the neighborhood density, Brownfield status, and transportation options. Site amenities may or may not exist for stormwater control and site lighting. Preserved site surfaces such as roofs and parking lots may contribute to urban heat island effects. The existing plumbing and irrigation systems may not have the flexibility to allow for potable water use reduction, wastewater generation reduction, and stormwater reuse. The energy performance of buildings is highly dependent on the building envelope and HVAC and lighting systems. For instance, an existing building with minimal insulation will tend to exhibit lower energy performance than a new building with state-of-art wall construction. The existing building orientation may preclude the use of passive solar gains or may lack shading devices to prevent unwanted solar gain and glare. The building elements qualifying under this credit are not considered to be salvage materials, recycled content materials or local/regional materials because they are sourced from the building site and not from the materials marketplace. Thus, the building elements qualifying under this credit cannot be applied to other MR credits. Existing buildings may have space constraints and may not be able to provide adequate space for occupant recycling activities and separation of chemical storage areas. Older buildings may contain contaminants such as asbestos and lead-based paint that can affect indoor air quality as well as systems containing HCFCs and halons that are detrimental to the Earth s atmosphere. Finally, daylighting and occupant control strategies may be difficult to implement in the existing building design. 20

21 MR-Credit 1, Section 9: Calculations, Template Documents and Other Materials Calculations The following calculation methodology is used to support the credit submittals as listed on the first page of this credit. To calculate the percentage of reused building structure, consider structural elements such as footings, slabs on grade, stem walls, columns, beams, exterior wall sections, and diaphragms as well as shell elements such as brick cladding, roofing, and siding (see Equations 1 and 2). Quantify structural elements in terms of cubic feet (CF) and shell elements in terms of square feet (SF). Do not include windows, doors, and similar elements. Apply the environmental benefits of reusing these elements to MR Credit 2: Construction Waste Management. Once the structural and shell reuse percentages have been determined, add these two percentages together and divide by two to obtain the approximate percentage of the total building that is being reused (see Equation 3). To calculate the percentage of reused non-shell building portions, consider all walls, floor coverings, and ceiling systems. Quantify the elements in terms of square feet and divide the reused elements by the existing total square footage of walls, floor covering, and ceiling systems to obtain the percentage of reused non-shell building elements (see Equation 4). Equation 1: Structural Reuse [%] = Reused Elements [CF]/Total Elements [CF] Equation 2: Shell Reuse [%] = Reused Elements [SF]/Total Elements [SF] Equation 3: Building Reuse [%] = (Structural Reuse [%] + Shell Reuse [%])/2 Equation 4: Non-Shell Reuse [%] = Reused Elements [SF]/Total Elements [SF] Tables 1, 2 and 3 summarize an example building reuse project where both structural elements as well as non-shell (i.e., interior) elements were reused. The spreadsheet indicates that 100% of the structure and exterior shell was reused and 56% of the nonshell interior components were reused. This qualifies for three points under this credit. Table 1: Structural Elements Reuse Example Structural Element Existing [CF] Reused [CF] Percentage Reused [%] Foundation/Slab on Grade 11,520 11, Columns Beams Basement Wall Floor Decks Diaphragms 1,507 1, Roof Deck 1,507 1, TOTALS 16,034 16,

22 Table 2: Shell Elements Reuse Example Shell Element Existing [SF] Reused [SF] Percentage Reused [%] Roofing 1,000 1, North Exterior Wall 8,235 8, East Exterior Wall 6,950 6, South Exterior Wall 8,235 8, West Exterior Wall 6,950 6, TOTAL 31,370 31, Table 3: Interior Elements Reuse Example Interior Element [SF] Existing [SF] Reused [SF] Percentage Reused [%] Ceilings 40,000 40,000 0 Wood Flooring 40,000 40, Other Flooring Floor Coverings Walls Wall Panels 29,600 29, Other 29,600 29, TOTAL 140,700 78, MR-Credit 1, Section 10: Other Resources Websites Building Deconstruction for Reuse and Recycling Discusses building reuse strategies employed at the Presidio, a National Park Service site in San Francisco, California. Print Media Adaptive Reuse: Issues and Case Studies in Building Preservation by Richard Austin and David Woodstock, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, Sustainable Design and Construction Database by the National Park Service, 1996 ( MR- Credit 1, Section 11: Definitions MR- Credit 1, Section 12: Case Study Note: A LEED EB Case Study will be added from the LEED EB Pilot Applications when these become available. 22

23 Materials and Resources Credit 2: Construction Waste Management MR-Credit 2: Intent Divert construction demolition waste from landfill disposal. Redirect recyclable material back to the manufacturing process. MR-Credit 2, Section 1: Requirements Develop and implement a waste management specification for any future building retrofits, renovations or modifications on the site, that requires qualification of material diversion by weight. Recycle and/or salvage at least 75% (by weight) of any construction, demolition and land clearing waste (if applicable). (1 point) MR-Credit 2, Section 2a: Submittals for Initial Certification under LEED EB Construction Waste Management Provide a copy of the waste management policy that specifies inclusion of waste management specifications for any future building retrofits, renovations or modifications that may occur on the site. Provide documentation that the Waste Management Policy has been followed: For any future building retrofits, renovations or modifications that have occurred in the building over the last year provide calculations on end-of-project waste management rates, salvage rates, and landfill rates demonstrating that percentage of construction wastes were recycled or salvaged meets the requirement. OR Provide a written statement that no building retrofits, renovations or modifications were carried out in the building or on the site during the last year. MR-Credit 2, Section 2b: Submittals for Subsequent, Ongoing Re-Certification under LEED EB If there has been no change to these since previous LEED EB filing provide statement that there has been no change. If there has been a change to these since previous LEED EB filing provide updated policy. Provide documentation that the Waste Management Policy has been followed: For any future building retrofits, renovations or modifications that have occurred in the building over the last year provide calculations on end-of-project waste management rates, salvage rates, and landfill rates demonstrating that percentage of construction wastes were recycled or salvaged meets the requirement. OR 23

24 Provide a written statement that no building retrofits, renovations or modifications were carried out in the building or on the site during the last year. MR-Credit 2, Section 3: Summary of Referenced Standard Standards Cited: None MR-Credit 2, Section 4: Green building Concerns Construction activities generate enormous quantities of solid waste. Commercial construction generates between 2 and 2.5 pounds of solid waste per square foot and the majority of this waste can potentially be recycled. The City of Portland, Oregon has instituted programs to reduce solid waste generation and promote recyclable material markets. In 1993, the city was successful in diverting 47% of all construction and demolition waste from landfills. In one project, 76% of the waste from the construction of a 5,000 square foot restaurant was recycled (61% was recyclable or reusable wood, 11% was cardboard, and 4% was gypsum wallboard). Recycling opportunities are expanding rapidly in many communities. Metal recycling is available and economical in almost all communities while paper, corrugated cardboard, plastics, and clean wood can be recycled in many communities. Some materials, such as gypsum wallboard, have recycling opportunities only in communities where the necessary reprocessing plants exist. The construction and demolition waste stream is estimated in Table 1. Table 1: CDL Waste Stream Characterizations Material Percentage (by Volume Wood 27.4% Asphalt, concrete, brick & dirt 23.3% Drywall 13.4% Roofing 12.0% Metal 8.8% Cardboard & paper 2.7% Miscellaneous mixed waste 11.9% MR-Credit 2, Section 5: Environmental Issues Landfills contaminate groundwater and encroach upon valuable green space. Through effective construction waste management, it is possible to extend the lifetime of existing landfills, avoiding the need for expansion or new landfill sites. MR-Credit 2, Section 6: Economic Issues In the past, when landfill capacity was readily available and disposal fees were low, 24

25 recycling or reuse of construction waste was not economically feasible. Construction materials were inexpensive compared to the cost of labor and thus, construction jobsite managers focused on worker productivity rather than materials conservation. In addition, recycling infrastructure and materials marketplaces to process and resell construction wastes did not exist. In recent years, increased materials and disposal costs coupled with more stringent waste disposal regulations and decreasing landfill capacity have changed the waste management equation. Local government agencies and private organizations have partnered with the industry to support construction waste management by publishing guides, directories, and other educational materials, presenting recycling information at seminars and workshops, and operating pilot projects to demonstrate the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of these activities. Waste management plans require time and money to draft and implement but result in substantial savings throughout the construction process. Projects that recycle construction and demolition waste benefit from lower landfill tipping fees and associated hauling charges. As landfill tipping fees continue to escalate, the option to recycle becomes more economically attractive. As a rule of thumb, when landfill tipping fees exceed $50 per ton, recycling becomes cost-effective. Local governments sometimes inflate tipping fees artificially to encourage greater recycling efforts. Recyclable materials have differing market values depending on reprocessing costs and the availability of virgin materials on the market. In general, materials such as metals and vinyl have high market value while materials such as scrap wood and gypsum wallboard have low market value. Many recyclable materials such as cardboard and plastic have market values that fluctuate from month to month. MR-Credit 2, Section 7: Strategies and Technologies Develop and adopt a waste management plan to be added as a general requirement for all construction to occur on the site. Identify licensed haulers and processors of recyclables. Identify markets for salvaged materials. Employ deconstruction, salvage and recycling strategies and processes. Documents the cost for recycling, salvaging and reusing materials. Source reduction on the job site should be an integral part of the plan. Investigate salvaging/recycling lighting fixture pans when retrofitting. The plan should address recycling of corrugated cardboard, metals, concrete brick, asphalt, land clearing debris (if applicable), beverage containers, clean dimensional wood, plastic, glass, gypsum board and carpet, and evaluates the cost-effectiveness of recycling rigid insulation, engineered wood products and other materials. Minimize factors that contribute to waste such as over-packaging, improper storage, ordering errors, poor planning, breakage, mishandling, and contamination of construction materials. For waste volumes generated, identify and institute reuse, salvage, and recycle opportunities whenever economics and logistics allow. Table 2 is a list of possible materials that can be diverted from the landfill. Develop and institute a waste management plan that identifies proposed deconstruction and salvage opportunities, recommended recycling activities, licensed haulers and 25