Waste to Energy Status in Indonesia

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1 L/O/G/O Waste to Energy Status in Indonesia Fadjar Goembira Andalas University, INDONESIA 1

2 Where is Indonesia?

3 the archipelago Around 260 million people Highest peak 4,884m above sea level Around 17,000 islands 1/8 world perimeter

Electrification Ratio NAD 96.28 SUMUT 95.81 JAMBI 88.99 KALTARA 77.37 KALTIM 98.78 GORONTALO 87.66 Legend > 70 50-70 RIAU 88.81 KEPRI 76.37 KALBAR 86.03 SULTENG 89.11 SULUT 91.31 MALUT 98.

4 Electrification Ratio NAD SUMUT JAMBI KALTARA KALTIM GORONTALO Legend > RIAU KEPRI KALBAR SULTENG SULUT MALUT < 50 BABEL SULBAR PABAR PAPUA SUMBAR BENGKULU SUMSEL DKI JAKARTA JATENG KALTENG KALSEL SULSEL SULTRA MALUKU LAMPUNG BANTEN JABAR DIY JATIM BALI NTB NTT (up to December 2016) Countrywide Source: Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, 2017 Go Green 4

5 Solid Wsate (million ton) Solid waste generation Projection of solid waste generation Source of solid waste (2016) Public area 12% Other 5% Year Type of solid waste (2016) Fabric waste 3% Rubber waste 2% Glass waste 2% Other waste 6% Shopping center 14% Traditional market 24% Household 36% Office 9% Metal waste 4% Plastic waste 16% Food waste 40% Source: Ministry of Environment and Forestry, 2017 Paper waste 10% Yard waste 17%

6 Handling of solid waste Recycled waste, 11% 14 metropolitan (more than 1 million population) cities Unhandled waste 25% Handled waste 75% Landfilled, 64% 17 big (between 500 thousand and 1 million population) cities Unhandled waste 33% Handled waste 67% Landfilled, 56% Recycled waste, 11% Nationally, 67% solid waste is handled 157 medium and small (less than 500 thousand population) cities Unhandled waste 41% Handled waste 59% Landfilled, 50% Recycled waste, 9% Source: Ministry of Environment and Forestry, 2017

7 Source: Ministry of Civil Works,

Waste from Palm Oil Mills 26 POMs 863 ton 26 POMs 1645 ton 26 POMs 1090 ton 12 POMs 592 ton 88 POMs 3552 ton 215 POMs 9610 ton 1 POMs 30 ton 44 POMs 1965 ton 1 POMs 40 ton 12 POMs 780 ton 45 POMs 345

8 Waste from Palm Oil Mills 26 POMs 863 ton 26 POMs 1645 ton 26 POMs 1090 ton 12 POMs 592 ton 88 POMs 3552 ton 215 POMs 9610 ton 1 POMs 30 ton 44 POMs 1965 ton 1 POMs 40 ton 12 POMs 780 ton 45 POMs 345 ton 58 POMs 2370 ton 64 POMs 4347 ton 65 POMs 3075 ton 33 POMs 1532 ton 2 POMs 60 ton 1 ton FFB produces: 60% POME, 30% (solid waste) 3 POMs 210 ton 3 POMs 260 ton 7 POMs 390 ton 1 POMs 20 ton Source: Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, POMs produce: 19,671 tons POME/hour + 8 9,835.5 tons solid waste/hour

9 9 Source: Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, 2017

Main Policy for Renewable Energy Energy conservation, which also aimed

10 Main Policy for Renewable Energy Energy conservation, which also aimed to reduce green house gas emission (29% reduction in 2030 from BAU, 41% with international supports) Energy diversification, i.e. 23% New and Renewable Energy (NRE) share on national energy mixed by 2025 Bioenergy power plant 5.5 GW Gas 22% 23% NRE Coal 30% ~ 400 MTOE 25% Oil Source: Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources,

POLICIES AND REGULATIONS (1) LAW NO. 30 year 2007 on Energy GOVERNMENT REGULATION NO. 79 year 2014 on National Energy Policy PRESIDENTIAL INSTRUCTION NO.

32 year 2008 on Supply, Utilization, & Trading of Biofuel as Other Fuel MINISTERIAL OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES REGULATION NO. 25 year 2013, No. 20 year 2014 & NO.

11 POLICIES AND REGULATIONS (1) LAW NO. 30 year 2007 on Energy GOVERNMENT REGULATION NO. 79 year 2014 on National Energy Policy PRESIDENTIAL INSTRUCTION NO. 1 year 2006 on Provision and Utilization, of Biofuel as Other Fuel MINISTERIAL OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES REGULATION NO. 32 year 2008 on Supply, Utilization, & Trading of Biofuel as Other Fuel MINISTERIAL OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES REGULATION NO. 25 year 2013, No. 20 year 2014 & NO. 12 year 2015 an amendment to Regulation of MEMR No. 32 of Prioritize the supply and utilization of renewable energy, one of which is bioenergy. Biofuel is targeted to contribute 10% to the national energy mix by Instructions related to the Minister, Governor and Mayor to take action in order to accelerate the provision and utilization of biofuel; 1. Prioritize the supply and utilization of biofuel, 2. Mandatory biofuel utilization framework in various sectors, 3. Regulate the type, standard and quality of biofuel, 4. Set the pricing policy, 5. Regulate biofuel business and trade activities. Accelerate the mandatory utilization of biofuel MINISTERIAL OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES REGULATION No. 50 year 2017 Feed-in Tariff for electricity generated from NRE MINISTERIAL OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES REGULATION No. 26 year 2016 CPO Fund to ensure the sustainability of Palm Oil and Biodiesel Industry Source: Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, 2017

12 POLICIES AND REGULATIONS (2) 1. LAW NO. 30 YEAR 2007 concerning on Energy Priority supply and use of renewable energy, one of them is bioenergy 2. LAW NO. 18 YEAR 2008 concerning on Waste Management Management of MSW to improve people s health, environment quality, and waste as a resource 3. LAW NO. 32 Year 2009 concerning on Environmental Protection and Management Protection and environmental management is a systematic and integrated efforts are being made to preserve the environment and prevent pollution and / or damage to the environment. 3. GOVERNMENT REGULATION NO 79 YEAR 2014 concerning on National Energy Policy Optimize the utilization of biofuel Increase NRE contribution in the total energy mix up to 23% by 2025 and 31% by 2050 Energy leasticity less that 1 by GOVERNMENT REGULATION NO 27 Year 2012 Concerning Environmental Permits Regulating permits for Environmental Impact Assesment, Environmental Management Effort and Environmental Monitoring Effort (UKL/UPL), & Statement of Environmental Management (SPPL) 5. Other Regulations Source: Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources,

13 Waste to Energy in Indonesia 1. Biomass power generation. majority feedstocks are from palm shell, fiber, and Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB). Shell EFB Fiber 2. Biogas power generation. from liquid waste of palm industry, Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). 3. MSW power generation. from Municipal Solid Waste. POME Source: Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, 2017 MSW

14 Biomass Potential for Electricity No Potential (MWe) 1 Palm oil MWe 2 Sugar cane MWe 3 Rubber MWe 4 Coconut MWe 5 Rice husk MWe 6 Corn MWe 7 Cassava MWe 8 Wood MWe 9 Cow dung MWe Unit Sumatera Kalimantan Jawa-Bali- Madura Nusa Tenggara Sulawesi Maluku Papua Total 8,812 3, , ,295 1, , , , , , , , MSW MWe ,066 Total potential MWe 15,588 5,062 9, , ,654 Source: Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources,

Development of Waste to Energy 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 17 2006 34 2010 2011 2012 Source: www.themegallery.com Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, 2017 56 68 70 81.

15 Development of Waste to Energy Source: Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, ON-GRID installed capacity of Electric Power Plants from biomass, biogas and municipal solid waste in 2016 are 186MW: Solid Palm Oil Waste: MW Liquid Palm Oil Waste/POME: 9.6 MW MSW: 16 MW Other biomass: 34 MW OFF GRID = 1,645 MW Total ON + OFF Grid= 1,831 MW Target (2025): 5.5 GW 15

No. Company COD Type MW 1 PT Growth S. 1 2006 EP 9.0 2 PT Listrindo K. 2006 IPP 5.0 3 PT Indah Kiat 2006 EP 3.0 4 PT Belitung E. 2010 IPP 7.0 5 PT Growth S. 2 2010 EP 10.0 6 PT Growth Asia 2011 EP 10.

16 No. Company COD Type MW 1 PT Growth S EP PT Listrindo K IPP PT Indah Kiat 2006 EP PT Belitung E IPP PT Growth S EP PT Growth Asia 2011 EP PT Navigat O IPP PT Navigat O IPP PT Growth Asia 2012 EP PT Navigat O IPP PT Austindo ANE 2014 IPP PT Rimba P EP PT Victorindo 2015 EP PT Harkat S EP PT Sumber O IPP PT Meskom A. S EP 10.0 Source: Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, 2017 No. Company COD Type MW 17 Maju Aneka S EP Sukajadi Sawit 2015 EP Mutiara Bunda 2015 EP Sampurna 2015 EP PT Riau P. E EP PTPN III 2016 EP Sringo-ringo 2016 EP Listrindo K IPP Tanjung Batu 2017 IPP PT Riau P. E EP Rimba Palma EP PT Harkat S EP PT Gunung P. L EP PT Inhil S. K EP PT United K EP PTPN X 2017 EP Total 186.0

17 IMPROVEMENT IS NEEDED BIODIESEL POLICY B20 (NOW); B30 (2020) Extraction CO 2 Released Sun VS Refining Open CO 2 Cycle Combustion Closed CO 2 Cycle Plant Oil Crops Cooking Fossil Fuel Jatropha curcas, Cerbera manghas, Terminalia cattapa etc Biodiesel Production Waste Cooking Oil

18 Thank you very much for your kind attention L/O/G/O

Dr. Hasrul Laksmana Azahari

DIRECTORATE GENERAL NEW RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY CONSERVATION MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA By: Dr. Hasrul Laksmana Azahari Director of Various New Energy and Renewable