Promoting green jobs: effective policy measures and lessons

Transcription

1 Promoting green jobs: effective policy measures and lessons Peter Poschen ILO Enterprises Department/Green Jobs Programme Pathways to green jobs Brussels, 26 June 2013

2 Background General discussion 1 year after Rio+20 UN Conference on Sustainable Development Guidance formulated by World of Work (tripartite conclusions) 2

3 1. Sustainable development and decent work (cont.) Environmental sustainability can be a driver of economic growth, but understanding the labour market dynamics is critical Transitions will cause shifts in the volume, composition and quality of employment across sectors Affects level and distribution of income Environmental jobs created in the process must be green and decent i.e. green jobs

4 Productivity Gains last 50 years productivity: Labour: + 400% Materials: + 200% Energy: + 20% 4

5 Employment effects: direct+indirect-substitution +/-induced France: Direct+ indirect Jobs/ Mln Car Dealers and repairing Solar Hot Water Buildings Public Transport Street Public Transport Train Wind Energy Solar-Photovoltaic Average use Cars Oil Electricity Gas Oil refinery 5

6 2. Seizing the opportunities 1. Job creation A greener economy could lead to % more employment i.e million additional jobs 2. Improving the quality of existing jobs Major opportunity e.g. in agriculture, waste management and recycling, building sector 3. Advancing social inclusion E.g. Improving access to affordable renewable energy, energy efficient buildings and transport

7 3. Identifying and managing the challenges 1. Economic restructuring Employment shifts much smaller than those triggered by globalization?: OECD: 0.5-1% of workers change sectors Protection of existing jobs through greening of enterprises 2. Impacts of climate change Assessment of impacts on employment and income should guide appropriate measures, often region-specific 3. Addressing energy poverty Higher energy prices impact poorer households disproportionately (spend > 10 % of income; more than average)

8 Transition: OECD: much smaller than from globalization (?) Shifts between sectors: ~ 1% (globalization 20%) 8

9 4. Key policies and institutions for a just transition: Country-specific policy mixes for more and better jobs in an environmentally sustainable economy: Macroeconomic fiscal and monetary policies Industrial and sectoral policies Enterprise development Skills Occupational safety and health Social protection Active labour market policies Rights Social dialogue

10 Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Provide and create the most jobs, but being small has disadvantages Access to: Information, Markets, Training, Technology, Financing, Policies

11 Pan-European example: Energysaving refurbishments of buildings Germany: > 30 Bln Public Investm. > 100 Bln in total ~ 300,000 Jobs/year 11

12 Potential Central and Eastern Europe E.g. Hungary (Ürge-Vorsatz 2010): Moderate retrofit : Deep retrofit : 43,000 new jobs (net gain) 131,000 new jobs

13 Energy efficient buildings: targeted measures France renovation: 2009 = 17% of the construction volume 2014 = 42% New Qualifications: Methods, Materials, Tools Local Partnerships: Maisons de l Emploi et Développement Durable 13

14 EU: Ways out of the employment and climate crises Raise EU climate targets from 20% to 30%: Investment: from 18% to 22% of GDP Growth rate: %/year Employment: + 6 million jobs GDP: % over BAU Emissions: -11% under BAU Unemployment 2020: 5.3% instead of 7.6% (source: Jaeger et al 2011)

15 For more information please see: Background report: Conclusions adopted: The Green Jobs Programme: ILO.org/greenjobs