DREDGED MATERIAL. Rules, Regulations and Practice. Workshop Piombino - Oct Frederik J. MINK

Transcription

1 DREDGED MATERIAL Rules, Regulations and Practice Workshop Piombino - Oct 2012 Frederik J. MINK Advisor to European Dredging Association 1

2 Guidance Rules Worldbank PIANC OECD ICES? Good Practices INTER- NATIONAL REGIONAL SUPRANATIONAL NATIONAL London Convention OSPAR, Barcelona HELCOM EUR. UNION Laws *ICES = International Council for the Exploration of the Sea 2

3 London Convention Established under IMO 1972/revised 1996 protocol Aim: prevent dumping of waste at sea Sea disposal of dredged material permitted under conditions (but not when severely contaminated) Specific Guidelines for Assessment of Dredged Material DMAF- Dredged Material Assessment Framework 3

4 London Convention : Dredged Material Assessment Framework 4

5 DMAF - Dredged Material Assessment Framework and Guidelines Developed by the London Convention Recommended by PIANC and CEDA A basis for decision making A framework for management Implemented by several regional Conventions 5

6 LC Main Steps Dredged Material Characterization Use Action Lists and Action Levels for Screening Management and Disposal Site Selection Assessment of Potential Effects Monitoring requirements and practice Permit and Permit Conditions 6

7 Dredged Material Characterisation Physical (DM may be exempted from further characterization under conditions!) Chemical Biological 7

8 DM - Material Characterisation Evaluate physical, chemical and biological characteristics to determine : Potential dredging methods Beneficial uses Disposal or treatment options Environmental effects The extent of testing needed The need for and contents of a source control programme 8

9 LC: The terms characteristic - metric - benchmark A characteristic is an attribute of the dredged material (e.g., copper, mercury, silt, petroleum compounds, pathogens) or a biological response to the dredged material (e.g., mortality, growth, bioaccumulation). A metric is a measurement that can be made on the characteristic (e.g., concentration, percent survival). A benchmark is a point on the range of the metric (e.g., 4 mg/kg copper, 20% amphipod mortality) that is used to identify where environmental concern may be low or high for that characteristic. These can be referred to as the lower benchmark and upper benchmark. 9

10 Action Lists and Levels* An Action List comprises a number of characteristics to be considered for measurement in the dredged material. (mainly chemical) The upper and lower benchmarks for each characteristic are considered in the definition of Action Levels An Action Level is a decision rule based on the findings o one or more characteristics in comparison to the respective benchmarks. *LC Guidance for the development of action lists and action levels for dredged materials 10

11 Action Levels Action Levels should specify lower and upper levels DM below Action Level 1 may be disposed of at sea at suitable sites DM above Action Level 2 may not be disposed of at sea. DM in between L.1 and L.2 needs better characterisation 11

12 Action Levels examples Action Level 1 is exceeded when more than 3 substances score higher than the lower benchmark conc. Action Level 2 is respected when not more than 2 chem. subst.conc. exceed the benchmark and bio-assay < 20% mortality of benthos 12

13 LC Action Levels (chemical!) Action Level 2 Action Level 1 13

14 Regional Conventions OSPAR, 1992 (Oslo-Paris) North-East Atlantic Barcelona 1978 Mediterranean (+protocols.) HELCOM, 1992 Baltic Sea Bucharest Black Sea 14

15 OSPAR Convention Most developed for dredging and disposal (Revised) OSPAR Guidelines for Management of Dredged Material add detail to LC guidance Model for other regional conventions 15

16 Benchmark Values of OSPAR C. Parties Substances Action levels Belgium France Germany Netherlands Spain UK Total PAHS 1 70 mg/g oc 1 ppm mg/g oc 3 ppm 8 ppm 1 2 mg/g oc 500 ppb 20 ppb 30 ppb 20 ppb Total PCBS 2 2 mg/g oc 1000 ppb 60 ppb 100 ppb 100 ppb 180 ppb Tributyltin (TBT) 1 3 ppb 20 ppb 100 ppb 2 7 ppb 300/60 ppb 500 ppb NB: These values are tentative and may not be legally binding 16

17 Concentration ranges used by Contracting Parties in the assessment of dredged material for dumping at sea OSPAR 2004 Contaminants Units BenchmarkTarget Values (Action level 1) < 2 mm fraction Fine fractions <63µm and 20µm BenchmarkLimit Values (Action level 2) < 2 mm fraction Fine fractions <63µm and 20µm As ppm Cd ppm 0,4 2,5 1 2,5 2, ,5 Cr ppm 40/ Cu ppm Hg ppm 0,3 /0, Ni ppm Pb ppm Zn ppm

18 Action Levels OSPAR Problems: No uniform approach between CP s Wide range of values Competition between national authorities Sediment must be <normalized> for organic contaminents 18

19 Barcelona Convention for the Protection of the Mediterranean Developed and administered by UNEP, the United Nations Environment Programme Implementation weaker than OSPAR Relevant Guidance (draft!): Guidance document on the development of National Threshold Limit Values (NTLVs) for dredged materials which could be dumped into the Mediterranean Sea. 19

20 Guidance for NTLV s Implements London Convention Follows logic of OSPAR, but less rigid However, Mediterranean may be more sensitive Terminology not in line with LC (ex. threshold versus benchmark) 20

21 Guidance NTLV s Draft values have been developed for Italy by ISPRA. LCB Lower Chemical Threshold (LB) LCL Upper Chemical Threshold (UB) Includes list of species and criteria for ecotoxicological testing 21

22 Concentration ranges used by Contracting Parties OSPAR 2004 vs Italy (heavy metals) Contaminants Units Target Values (Action level 1) in Limit Values (Action level 2) < 2 mm fraction Italy LCB < 2 mm fraction Italy LCL As ppm Cd ppm 0,4 2, , Cr ppm 40/ Cu ppm Hg ppm 0,3 /0, Ni ppm Pb ppm Zn ppm European Dredging 50 Association

23 Italy eco-toxicological criteria Species test Column A Column B Column C Column D Skeletonema costatum Dunaliella tertiolecta EC20> 90% EC20>90% EC20>90% and EC50>100% EC20>90% and EC50>100% 40%<EC50< 100% 40%<EC50< 100% EC50<40% EC50<40% 23

24 Italy proposed Action Levels Chemical analysis (decision rules) Eco-toxicological assessment Action Metric<lower benchmark Column A or B Sea disposal permitted Lower benchmark < metric <upper benchmark Column A idem Metric< LB Column C or D More investigation LB <metric<ub Column B or C idem Metric>UB Column A or B idem LB<metric<UB Column D Sea disposal not permitted Metric>UB Column C or D idem 24

25 Draft NTLV s Italy Limit values for heavy metal very low Similar picture for organic compounds Definition of Action levels (too) complex Requirements to perform eco-toxicological assessment exceed LC and OSPAR guidelines 25

26 Further Steps Disposal site selection and characterization Impact assessment or impact hypothesis Issue permit? Requirements for monitoring 26

27 Taking stock : International Conventions provide: Framework for decision-making Lack numerical guidance Status of Barcelona Conv. not clear National rules are often: More complex than the guidance docs Too restrictive (competition.) 27

28 Thank you! European Dredging Association: 148 Avenue Grandchamp, B-1150 Brussels Tel.: Fax : Website: ww.european-dredging.info