Module Descriptions and Syllabus

Transcription

1 Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering. Module Descriptions and Syllabus Module Title: Introduction to Fuel and Energy Module Code: CPE6300 Module Coordinator: Dr Henriette Jensen Semester: Autumn Core This module presents an overview of the way in which energy is generated and distributed globally. It reviews the structure of the international energy industry and discusses the main energy sources of fossil fuels, renewables and nuclear energy. The main energy distribution methods of electrical, chemical and thermal distribution are then considered. Finally the future of energy is discussed as the world moves to a zero carbon emission future. Global energy utilisation. Energy sources, the global energy industry. Energy sources - coal and gas. Energy sources - liquid fuels. Energy sources - renewable, biomass, nuclear. Energy vectors - electricity, electrical grids, electrical storage. Energy vectors - chemical. Energy vectors - heat. Energy futures - environmental impact. Energy futures - low carbon technologies. Energy futures - energy policy and economics. Lectures and Tutorials Mode of Assessment: MOLE exam, oral presentation and MOLE quizzes

2 Module Title: Applied Energy Engineering Module Code: CPE6311 Module Leader: Dr Mohammad Zandi Semester: Autumn Core The laboratory practicals module comprises three extended laboratory experiments in the areas of fuel analysis and two other topics relating to the EEE MSc programme. The main objectives of this module are: (a) Experimental studies of some of the basic principles on which chemical engineering is based. (b) The development of skills for collecting and interpreting data with reference to particular scientific principles and the drawing of conclusions. In addition, collecting and reviewing literature concerning a particular experiment is also an essential objective of this module. After each experiment a student writes a laboratory report, which is guided by these principles. The aims of this module are: 1. To collect and review material needed for a particular experiment. 2. To learn how to use appropriate equipment. 3. To collect and interpret data concerning a particular scientific principle. 4. To analyse data critically and creatively and draw comprehensive conclusions. 5. To develop, in terms of the laboratory report, a rigorous and technically clear way of communicating an experimental outcome. 6. To demonstrate scholarly practice through appropriate use of references. Lectures, Practical Labs and Tutorials Mode of Assessment: Three Laboratory Reports 1. MSc Environmental and Energy Engineering

3 Module Title: Environment: Gaseous Emissions Module Code: CPE6030 Module Leader: Dr Seetharaman Vaidyanathan Semester: Autumn Core The module aims to introduce the students to the nature of gaseous emissions from fossil fuel combustion, their mechanism of formation and methods available for their control. The student will be able to discuss design strategies for emission control from a variety of combustion sources. Introduction to Air Pollution Historical perspective, need for pollution control, urban and rural pollution, legislation and trends in energy utilisation. Carbon Monoxide Causes of CO. Implications for the combustion process. Methods for minimising CO emissions. Unburnt Hydrocarbons (UHC) Causes and consequences of unburnt hydrocarbon emission. Methods for UHC control. Particulates and Soot Incombustible solids; unburnt fuel; formation of soot; mechanism of soot formation. Advantages and disadvantages of soot formation; implications for heat transfer, efficiency, fouling, particulate emissions. Control of soot. Use of fuel additives. Nitrogen Oxides Sources of NOx and N2O. Comparison of fuel types. Chemistry of NOx formation. Thermal, prompt and fuel NO. NO2 and N2O formation. NOx removal from exhaust gases; catalytic removal, noncatalytic removal, dry absorption. Prevention of NOx formation. Low temperature combustion. Staged combustion. Reburning. Sulphur Oxides Sources of SO2. Mechanism of formation. Comparison of fuel types. Prevention of SO2 formation. Reduction of sulphur content of fuel, coal cleaning. SO2 removals from exhaust gases. Flue gas desulphurisation, absorption processes, FBC. Other Gaseous Pollutants: Hydrogen Chloride. Dioxins. Chlorofluorocarbons. Environmental Effects of Air Pollution Greenhouse effect and global warming. Photochemical smog. Acid rain and deforestation. Stratospheric Ozone depletion. Lectures, Practicals and Tutorial Mode of Assessment: Class Test and Coursework 2. MSc Environmental and Energy Engineering

4 Module Title: Environmental Impacts & Protection Module Code: CPE6141 Module Leader: Dr Henriette Jensen Semester: Autumn Core This unit provides an introduction to the concerns and responsibilities for the environment to engineering students. The environment is now an integral part of industrial operation and management with the requirements on industry enshrined in law and financial imperatives, and graduates require an understanding of their professional responsibilities and of the influence of environmental concerns on industrial function and development. Introduction - The rise of concern for the environment. From health and safety legislation to environmental legislation. History of environmental legislation. Pressure groups and changes in perception and attitude in industry. Multi-nationality and the global village. Pollution economics. Environmental Law - introduction to law and the legal system. Environmental protection and the law. Controls and liability. Planning. Civil liability. Contracts and tort negligence and nuisance. Common law. The European Union and the environment. Regulatory control of pollution. Legal aspects of air, water, waste management. Environmental Audits - Legislation and worldwide practice. Effects of global industries. The audit process - before, during and after. Providing information. Audit team. Audit visit. Interviews and questionnaires. Reports and follow up. Processes, materials, site, legislative standards. Waste audits - compliance audits - contractor audits. Environmental management systems. Use of environmental audits. Economics. Life-Cycle Analysis (LCA) - Use and limitations. Setting the boundaries. Carrying out assessments. The use of LCA in influencing policy, politics and legislation both internally and externally to a company. Sustainability - The need for strategic environmental assessment (SEA) cumulative effects, alternatives, global issues and sustainable development. The SEA process. Recycling and reuse, from trash to cash - waste brokering. Take-back legislation and build to recycle. The Bruntland definition, generational equity and the triple bottom line. Problems and the future. Lectures and Tutorials Mode of Assessment: Coursework 3. MSc Environmental and Energy Engineering

5 Module Title: Environment - Particulate Emissions Module Code: CPE6070 Module Leader: Prof Ray Allen Semester: Spring Core Gas cleaning equipment is used to prevent emissions to the environment, in almost every process producing or using particulate material. This includes most combustion processes. The design and operation of gas cleaning plant requires a thorough understanding of the principles underlying particle/fluid interactions in combination with practical understanding of real plant operation. This course considers the main types of gas cleaning equipment; cyclones, scrubbers, filters and electrostatic precipitators and on the basis of the best available research considers how best they may be specified, designed and operated. This module aims to provide students with a practically oriented course on the design, operation and troubleshooting of large scale industrial particulate pollution control equipment. 1. Basic aerosol mechanics and particle technology. 2. Gas cyclones. 3. Wet de-dusters. 4. Fabric filters. 5. Electrostatic precipitators. 6. Selecting and specifying gas cleaning plant. 7. Design project on selection and sizing a plant for industrial application. Lectures and Tutorials Mode of Assessment: 2 Hour Examination and Coursework 4. MSc Environmental and Energy Engineering

6 Module Title: Environment - Liquid Effluents Module Code: CPE6081 Module Leader: Dr Jagroop Pandhal Semester: Spring Core The module aims to achieve an understanding of the nature and treatment methodologies of liquid effluents, including best practice in the use of water, waste minimisation, recycling and re-use, and a knowledge of legislation pertinent to liquid effluents. The module will enable students to appreciate the importance of water and liquid effluents to the economic, legal and environmental aspects of a process and to be able to confidently and professionally approach any liquid effluent treatment problem. This is not a standard lecture Module. Students are required to determine their own syllabus and mode of study to produce a set of deliverables. Introduction to water industry. Water use. Water legislation. Characteristics of wastewaters and unit operations. Biological and chemical contaminated waterways. Clean or cleaner technologies and novel water treatment methodologies. Safety costs and cost balances/forecasts. Case studies. Lectures and Seminars Mode of Assessment: 2 Hour Examination and Coursework 5. MSc Environmental and Energy Engineering

7 Module Title: Research Project Module Code: CPE6010 Module Leader: Dr Mohammad Zandi Credit: 60 Semester: Graduate Year Core Module The application of scientific and engineering principles to the solution of practical problems of engineering systems and processes is developed throughout the course and demonstrated in particular by the research projects. Each student registered for the Master s degree in Biological and Bio-process Engineering is required to complete a research-based portfolio. The project is worth 60 credits. This is the most important individual module in the course. The topic for study is selected in consultation with appropriate members of the teaching staff. Each student chooses a research project which best fits their own interests and undertakes a unique and original project on that area. Projects vary from industrially based problem solving, to laboratory based research, and development of new processes or ideas. The research portfolio is a major part of the degree and each student is allocated an academic supervisor who provides advice and guidance throughout the period of study. Opportunities exist for research studies to be carried out in collaboration with other university research centres as well as industrial organisations. Each student presents their project as portfolio consisting of a Technical Review (5,000 words) and a Dissertation (10,000 to 15,000 words) and is also required to present the work as a poster and oral presentation during the academic year. A marking scheme is provided to each student at the start of the project and each research project report is marked using a mark sheet which gives weightings to different parts. Individual research project will be selected in consultation with appropriate members of the academic staff. The research project work will include: - Literature review and background reading. - Learning research methodology. - Planning experimental regime. - Conducting experimental work. - Oral presentation at the end of the 2nd semester. - Continue work according to the research plan in the summer term. - Analysis of the experimental results. - Final report writing at the end of the project. - Poster presentation and attending Energy Institute Poster Presentation Competition. Lectures, Project Meetings, Laboratory Sessions and Research Mode of Assessment: Technical review, Dissertation, Oral and Poster Presentations 6. MSc Environmental and Energy Engineering

8 Module Title: Computational Fluid Dynamics Module Code: CPE6020 Module Leader: Dr Simon Blakey Semester: Autumn Optional The course develops the use of computational fluid dynamics in a broad range of engineering flow problems. The fundamental governing differential equations of time dependent three dimensional fluid flow and the techniques available to evaluate these equations on a computer are presented. The course builds on an undergraduate knowledge of differential equations and fluid flow and integrates this information into a design and research skill. In particular, the following are highlighted: governing differential equations, turbulence modelling, non-isothermal flow, reacting flow, combustion, twophase flow, buoyant flow, display techniques, grid generation, co-ordinate systems, time dependence and non-dimensional parameters. Each student completes an approved individual computational project in which reference to analytical solution or experimental results from the literature are used for comparison. Introduction - scope of CFD. Conservation equations for mass and momentum; non-dimensional equations. Solution procedures on the computer; solution accuracy; solution analysis and presentation. Turbulence modelling and wall treatments. Energy equation and chemical reactions. Treatment of two phase flows. Buoyant flow. Grid generation; moving grid; reference frames. Lectures and Practicals Mode of Assessment: CDF Analysis Report 7. MSc Environmental and Energy Engineering

9 Module Title: Energy from Biomass and Waste Module Code: CPE6060 Module Leader: Prof Meihong Wang Semester: Spring Optional Waste disposal, energy production and the minimisation of pollution are the key problems that must be addressed for the sustainable cities of the future. This course builds on the students knowledge of thermal energy/combustion principles and extends their skill to the design, operation and environmental aspects of modern waste and biomass thermal conversion technologies (e.g. pyrolysis, gasification and incineration). The course aims to give students a clear grasp of fundamental principles (e.g. chemical reactions, chemical equilibrium thermodynamics) involved in thermally processing different types of wastes & biomass and the associated energy recovery. The course also provides a thorough understanding of the principles underlying the modern design and operation of these systems based on the recent research. It also incorporates the development of industrially relevant material & energy balances and the use of CFD codes in optimising the design & operation of these plants. On completing this course and the associated problem sheets, students should be able to: Understand the fundamental principles (e.g. chemical reactions, chemical equilibrium thermodynamics etc.) involved in staged combustion, pyrolysis & gasification of wastes & biomass. Understand the principles underlying the design and operation of waste and biomass to energy systems. Be aware of undesirable by-products of waste/biomass combustion, pyrolysis and gasification. Appreciate the use of CFD codes in optimising the design and operation of waste/biomass to energy plants. Be aware of the techniques and limitations of flue gas scrubbing and ash re-use/recycling (related to waste/biomass industry). Be able to compare thermal waste disposal options with other methods of disposal (e.g. landfill, composting AD. Autoclave etc.). Be familiar with current research issues in thermal treatment of wastes & biomass. Waste composition/arisings: municipal waste, clinical waste, sewage sludge, agricultural waste, solid recovered fuel (SRF). Biomass composition/arisings: energy crops, agricultural wastes, forestry residues etc. Waste & biomass materials handling: collection, separation, feed hopper, mixing/blending, drying. Principles: primary and secondary combustion, chemical reactions, chemical equilibrium thermodynamics), processes within a burning waste/biomass: drying, pyrolysis, solid-phase and gas phase combustion, conductive, convective and radiative heat transfer & mass transfer, gas flowing through randomly packed beds of material whose size, shape and orientation are continuously changing etc. Calculations: heat & mass balances, tutorial examples & solutions. 8. MSc Environmental and Energy Engineering

10 Waste to energy plant design technology. Solid, liquid and gaseous waste incineration systems. Travelling grate systems, rotary kilns, multiple hearth, fluidised bed incinerators, liquid injection systems and multiple chambers. Stoker & grate design. Secondary combustion chamber design. Liquid waste characteristics, atomization, air requirements, nozzle types, sub-merged quench reactor, combined solid/liquid systems. Flare systems, enclosed systems. Kiln application, kiln exhaust gas flow, slagging mode, operation, liquid waste injection, system selection. System operation: corrosion/erosion/slag build up, incinerator instrumentation and plant control. Pyrolysis, torrefication and gasification (biomass & waste). Pyrolysis/gasification of biomass & wastes - slow & fast pyrolysis, updraft/downdraft gasification, gasification with steam, partial oxidation with air & oxygen etc. Refuse-derived fuel: use of waste as a fuel stock. Pollutants arising from waste/biomass to energy plants (intrinsic and generated pollutants). Solid residues disposal/treatment methods. Solid residues (fly ash, grate ash): slag washing, wet chemical/thermal ash treatment, sludge neutralisation and recycling, selective hg removal, vitrification, solidification. Application of Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) modelling of the waste/biomass to energy plants: flow fields, residence time, corrosion, mixing/turbulence. Energy recovery from waste/biomass: district heating systems, combined heat and power units. Energy from waste/biomass: policies & legislation. Lectures and Coursework Mode of Assessment: 2 Hour Examination and Coursework 9. MSc Environmental and Energy Engineering

11 Module Title: Nuclear Reactor Engineering Studies Module Code: CPE6290 Module Leader: Dr Mark Ogden Semester: Spring Optional The module provides a broad base introduction to the theory and practice of nuclear reactors for power production. This includes those aspects of physics which represent the source of nuclear energy and the factors governing its release as well as the key issues involved in the critical operation of nuclear cores. The relation of the science underlying successful operation with the needs for fuel preparation and engineering designs is emphasised. A clear grasp of those aspects relevant to the design and operation of nuclear reactors. An understanding of the principles of reactor design. An appreciation of the techniques used to prepare nuclear fuels and process spent fuel. An understanding of safety aspects. An understanding of the present and future role of nuclear reactors in energy provision. Lectures and Tutorials Mode of Assessment: 2 Hour Examination and Coursework 10. MSc Environmental and Energy Engineering

12 Module Title: Low Carbon Energy Science & Technology Module Code: CPE6000 Module Leader: Dr Alan Dunbar Semester: Spring Optional Low carbon technologies are an essential requirement if the world s energy needs are to be met without causing irreversible changes to the planet s climate. This module will cover the need for various different technologies that can help to meet the world s energy needs without releasing large amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere. Various different technologies that aim to meet this need will be introduced and a select number will then be studied in much more detail. The aim of the course is to enable the student to make reasoned comparisons between the different low carbon technologies backed by sound scientific understanding of their limitations and advantages. This module aims to give a brief insight into the mainstream renewable and sustainable power technologies and then focus on a small number of specific technologies. This will enable participants to critically assess those technologies studied in depth in a quantifiable manner from an understanding of the fundamental science involved. Introduction & why low carbon? Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS). Solar power - solar water heaters, photovoltaics and solar concentrators. Water power - hydroelectric, tidal and wave power. Wind power - wind turbines. Lectures and Seminars Mode of Assessment: 2 Hour Examination and Coursework 11. MSc Environmental and Energy Engineering

13 Module Title: Oil and Gas Origins and Utilisation Module Code: CPE6450 Module Leader: Dr Siddharth Patwardhan Semester: Spring Optional This course is an engineering analysis of the technology used to produce and utilise oil and gas both fossil derived and next generation energy sources such as biofuels. The first part of the course covers an introduction to oil and gas formation, extraction and downstream processing, plus specialist lectures on safety and combustion. The second part of the course considers four key biofuels (bioethanol, bio-diesel, bio-methane and bio-hydrogen) and considers their strategic importance and the technological challenges of viable large-scale production. On completing this course, students should be able to: Discuss the origins of petroleum, discovery and extraction technology. Understand appropriate multiphase transport and separation technologies. Understand basic downstream oil and gas processing technologies. Appreciate the basic principles of safe operation in oil and gas processing. Describe the different types of gas burner and performance combustion calculations relating to oil and gas. Understand appropriate processes and technologies relating to the production of bio-ethanol, bio-diesel, bio-methane and bio-hydrogen. Lectures Mode of Assessment: Coursework 12. MSc Environmental and Energy Engineering