CO2 Capture Systems Seminario CIGRE GENERACIÓN LIMPIA DE ENERGÍA ELÉCTRICA 24/10/2012

Transcription

1 CO2 Capture Systems Seminario CIGRE GENERACIÓN LIMPIA DE ENERGÍA ELÉCTRICA 24/10/2012

2 Agenda Alstom Group Introduction to CO2 emissions CO2 Capture within Alstom Retrofit and Capture ready Conclusion Alstom CO2 Capture Systems - P 2

3 Three main activities in four sectors Equipment & services for power generation Alstom Thermal Power Equipment & services for power transmission Alstom Grid Alstom Renewable Power Equipment & services for rail transport Alstom Transport

4 Three main activities in four sectors Thermal Power 8.7 bn Grid 4 bn Transport 5.2 bn Renewable Power 2 bn

5 Agenda Alstom Group Introduction to CO2 emissions CO2 Capture within Alstom Retrofit and Capture ready Conclusion Alstom CO2 Capture Systems - P 5

6 CO2 emissions Scénarios GtCO2 Global CO2 emissions due to fossil (all sectors, coal, gas, oil) CO2 Réduction * Source: WEO/IEA 2011 Outstanding effort needed to reach 450 ppm objective +2 C The door is closing! Présentation CSC - IEEE-PES- 12 avril P 6

7 CCS is essential for Power generation 25 Power generation CO 2 Emissions Gt/y Includes CCS 75 GWe Includes CCS 540 GWe Current Policies path +6 C 2035 New Policies path +3,5 C ppm Needed path +2 C 12 CCS pilots built 5 large-scale demo in development Source : Alstom analysis from IEA WEO 2011 CCS on gas and coal power generation is essential to massively reduce CO2 emissions from fossil plants complementary to REN & NUC technologies Alstom CO2 Capture Systems - P 7

8 Clean coal and gas solutions Power Plant with CO2 capture Post-combustion (New + retrofit) Oxy-combustion (New + retrofit) Pre-combustion (New only) Source: Vattenfall CCS also apply to the installed base Alstom CO2 Capture Systems - P 8

9 Agenda Alstom Group Introduction to CO2 emissions CO2 Capture within Alstom Retrofit and Capture ready Conclusion Alstom CO2 Capture Systems - P 9

10 Technologies developed by Alstom CO2 capture technologies pursued by Alstom Post-combustion (New + retrofit) Oxy-combustion (New + retrofit) Advanced Amines Process Chilled Ammonia Process Oxy-combustion with Air Separation Unit Chemical Looping Combustion (2 nd generation) Alstom CO2 Capture Systems - P 10

11 Alstom Activity on Pilots & Demonstrations 1st and 2nd Generation CCS Tests complete Operating Large-scale projects-under development NER300 NER300 AEP Mountaineer US - 58 MWth Chilled Ammonia - Coal Dow Chemical Co. US -2 MWth Adv. Amines - Coal Vattenfall Schwarze- Pumpe Germany- 30 MWth Oxy - Lignite Total Lacq France - 30 MWth Oxy - Gas PGE Belchatow Poland 260 MWe Adv. Amines - Lignite NER300 White Rose CCS Project UK MWe Oxy Coal EoN Karlshamn Sweden - 5 MWth Chilled Ammonia Fuel oil Commissioning Startup WE Energie US - 5 MWth Chilled Ammonia - Coal Alstom Labs Växjö Sweden 0.25 MWth Post C. Multi Purpose 2 nd Gen Alstom BSF Windsor US - 15 MWth Oxy - Coal 2 Gen Getica - CET Turceni Roumania >250MWe Chilled Ammonia - Lignite NER300: Applied for EU ETS New Entrant Reserve funding Datang- China Oxy 350 MWe - Lignite CAP 350 MWe eq. - Coal Selected for receiving EEPR funding EDF Le Havre France 5 MWth Adv. Amines - Coal TCM Mongstad Norway - 40 MWth Chilled Ammonia Gas and Refinery Offgas DOE/Alstom Windsor US 3 MWth Chemical looping - Coal RFCS EU -Darmstadt Germany 1 MWth Chemical looping - Coal Reaching demonstration Support is essential Alstom CCS and Chilled Ammonia Technology TCM Mongstad - P 11

12 CO2 capture and storage Projects and partnerships Oxycombustion Postcombustion Pilot West Virginia (US) coal Joint development programme Adv. Amines Pleasant Prairie (US) coal Chilled Ammonia Karlshamm (Sweden) Fuel/Gas Chilled Ammonia Alstom labs Växjö (Sweden) multi-purp. Le Havre (France) Coal Adv. Amines Mountainer (US) Coal Chilled Ammonia Mongstad (Norway) Gas Chilled Ammonia Getica-Turceni (Romania) Lignite Chilled Ammonia-feasibility study Application NER 300 Belchatow (Poland) Lignite Adv. amines - FEED complete Application NER 300 Dongying (China) Coal - MoU signed 2 MWth 5 MWth 5 MWth 0.25 MWth 5 MWth 58 MWth 40 MWth 250 MWe 260 MWe 350 MWe tco2/yr eq. captured t/y t/y t/y 400 t/y eq t/y t/y t/y > t/y > t/y > t/y 2 nd Gen Alstom CO2 Capture Systems - P 12 Tests complete Schwarze Pumpe (Germany) Lignite Lacq (France) Gas Alstom Windsor (US) Coals UK oxy CCS demo (UK)- Coal Application NER300 Daqing (China) Lignite Feasibility study signed Chemical Looping (Germany)-Coal Chemical Looping(USA) - Coal Commissioning/Start-up 30 MWth 30 MWth 15 MWth 426 MWe 350 MWe 1 MWth 3 MWth Operating t/y t/y Eq +/ t/y t/y > t/y t/y eq t/y eq. Future targets

13 Advanced Amine Process Technology Overview Principle An amine based solvent reacts with the CO2 in the flue gas Raising the temperature reverses this reaction, the CO2 is released and the solvent recycled Advantages Proven in natural gas & syngas purification CO2 capture from flue gas is a new application More efficient capture of CO2 and less solvent degradation than MEA Higher tolerance against oxygen & trace contaminants Source: Alstom Joint Development A strong team to develop a new application Alstom CO2 Capture Systems - P 13

14 Advanced Amine Process Update on Alstom roadmap Pilot Industrial / Validation Large-scale demonstration Commercial University of Texas USA Dow Chemical Co. USA - 2MWth, Coal EdF Le Havre France - 5 MWth, Coal PGE Belchatow Poland MWe net, Lignite Alstom CO2 Capture Systems - P 14 Tests completed In commissioning/start-up In operation Targeted Moving forward to scale-up the technology

15 Advanced Amine Process Pilot - University of Texas University of Texas Test Program Designed to capture over 5 tonnes CO 2 /day Gas flow 500 SCFM Synthetic Flue Gas Project Schedule Phase I Testing Completed Dec 2007 Initial Solvent Validation Phase II Testing Completed Nov. 3, 2008 Packing Studies Phase III Testing Completed Nov. 17, 2008 Process Simulator Validation Alstom CO2 Capture Systems - P 15 J.J. Pickle Energy Research Center

16 Advanced Amine Process Field Pilot - Le Havre C2A2 - field pilot - Le Havre - France Designed to capture 25 t CO2/ day, 90% CO2 capture EdF Le Havre coal power plant (field pilot represented in orange) Advanced flow scheme & operation validation Flue gas: slipstream from 600 MWe coal plant (EdF host facility) French funding by ADEME Project schedule - Overall program - Now in commissioning / start-up - Test from Q4 12 to Q3 13 (1 year) Alstom CO2 Capture Systems - P 16

17 Advanced Amine Process Large scale demonstration - Belchatow Belchatow - Large scale - Poland - PGE Belchatow Power Plant Alstom CO2 Capture Systems - P 17 MOU Alstom - PGE Elektrownia Belchatow Large-scale CCS demonstration facility 260 MWe net Host facility 850 MW lignite unit (built by Alstom) 1.8 Mt CO2 to be captured and stored per year Selected for EERP funding, preselected for NER300 ph1 Project schedule: Engineering for permitting completed Q4 2012: NER300 ph1 decision Target for operation 2015 Reaching large scale demonstration phase

18 Chilled Ammonia Process Technology Overview Principle Ammonium carbonate solution reacts with CO2 of cooled flue gas to form ammonium bicarbonate Raising the temperature reverses this reaction, pressurized CO2 is released, the solution is recycled Advantages High CO2 purity Tolerant to oxygen and flue gas impurities Stable reagent, no degradation nor emission of trace contaminants Low-cost, globally available reagent A promising new technology Alstom CO2 Capture Systems - P 18

19 Chilled Ammonia Process Update on Alstom roadmap Test Rigs Industrial Pilots Validation Pilots 2015 Large-scale demonstration Commercial Alstom Vaxjö Sweden 0.25 MWth We Energies Pleasant Prairie USA - 5 MWth, Coal EoN Karlshamn Sweden - 5 MWth, Oil AEP Mountaineer USA - 58 MWth, Coal TCM Mongstad Norway - 40 MWth, Gas Getica Turceni Feasability Romania - >250 Mwe net, Lignite Datang - Dongying (Post AAP or CAP) China MWe eq., coal - MOU Alstom CO2 Capture Systems - P 19 Roadmap to scale-up promising Chilled Ammonia! Tests completed In operation In commissioning/start-up Targeted

20 Chilled Ammonia Process Field Pilot Pleasant Prairie Pleasant Prairie - Field Pilot USA WI We Energies Operational June 2008 Oct hours of operation on flue gas from PRB Coal through completion of program in Oct 2009 Proof of Concept technology validation: 90% CO 2 capture efficiency NH 3 slip from DCC2 (~5 ppm) 99 + % CO 2 purity; >10 ppm NH 3 ; >2,000 ppm H 2 O Functional unit operations Confirmation of process design tools Confirmation of equipment design methods CO2 Field Pilot at Pleasant Prairie Alstom CO2 Capture Systems - P 20

21 Chilled Ammonia Process Field Pilot - Karlshamn Karlshamn Power Plant (Sweden) CAP Field Pilot Alstom CO2 Capture Systems - P 21 Karlshamn - Field Pilot - Sweden - E.ON Designed to capture over 1,600 kg CO2/hr (~15,000 tonnes/yr at full capacity) Operational Apr 2009 Test phase completed in 2010 Flue gases from sulfur fuel oil and from gas combustion tested Located less than 60 miles (90 km) from Alstom s Global Technology Center in Vaxjo Proof of Concept technology validation: - 90% CO2 capture efficiency - NH3 slip from DCC2 (~5 ppm) - 99+% CO2 purity; <10 ppm NH3 - Functional unit operations - HP Stripper operation affirmed

22 Chilled Ammonia Process Validation Pilot - AEP Mountaineer Alstom s Chilled Ammonia Process at AEP s PP Mountaineer - Validation coal pilot - USA WV- AEP Designed to capture & store 100,000 tco2/year Commenced engineering and permitting Oct07 First CO2 captured in Sept 09, Captured CO2 sequestered into through two wells on the plant property, first injection started 1st of October 2009 Alstom responsible for CAP island (others by AEP) Test completed and succesful: Approx tons of CO2 captured Approx tons of CO2 stored CO2 product quality : 99.94% Capture rate: 90% validated Tests completed - Technology validated Ready for scale-up Alstom CO2 Capture Systems - P 22 Low ammonia emissions observed

23 Chilled Ammonia Process Validation Pilot Mongstad Norway European CO2 Technology Centre Mongstad (TCM) Flue gases from natural gas CHP plant and a catalytic cracker (refinery) Designed to capture tons CO2/year Cold commissioning initiated on some systems that are mechanically complete Currently in commissioning / start-up phase CCS technology validation on gas Alstom CO2 Capture Systems - P 23

24 Chilled Ammonia Process Demonstration project at Turceni Turceni Power Plant 4x330 MW Romanian CCS Demonstration Project Integrated CCS demo: 1.5 Mtpa CO2 Capture: 85% minimum capture Transport: onshore pipeline Storage: deep saline aquifers (>800m) within a radius of 50 km Developers-Operators: Capture: Turceni Energy Complex Transport: Transgaz Storage: Romgaz Technical Consortium: Project Management and Technical & Financial Consultant: ISPE (Institute for Studies and Power Engineering) Capture Plant: Alstom Storage: GeoEcoMar, Schlumberger Alstom feasibility study completed Candidate for NER 300 funding Alstom CO2 Capture Systems - P 24

25 Oxy-Combustion Process Technology Overview Principle Fuel is burned in a mixture of oxygen and re-circulated flue-gas. Due to the absence of Nitrogen, the resulting flue gas is enriched in CO2 After water condensing and further purification, CO2 is compressed and send to storage Advantages Reliability Adaptable to all boiler types and fuels Rapid scale-up to 1,000 Mwe range Retrofit in Oxy can be addressed Higher efficiency with supercritical/ultrasupercritical cycles A sound technological option! Alstom CO2 Capture Systems - P 25

26 Oxy-Combustion Process Update on Alstom roadmap 90 s R&D and Lab scale In operation Targeted Pilots Vattenfall Schwarze Pumpe Germany - 30 MWth, Total Lacq France - 30 MWth, Alstom BSF USA - 15 MWth, GPU mobile pilot Large scale demonstration White Rose 426 MWe g - Selby (UK) Daqing 350 MWe g Datang (China) Moving forward to scale-up the technology 2017/18 Commercial Alstom CO2 Capture Systems - P 26

27 Oxy-Combustion Process Vattenfall Schwarze Pumpe 30 MWth pilot Boiler ESP FGD Air Separation Unit Control Room Objective Demonstration of the technology path at pilot scale Alstom-Scope Oxy-boiler, ESP and other components Technology Partnership with Vattenfall FGC (source: Vattenfall) CO 2 Purification CO 2 Compression Schwarze Pumpe Pilot Status of Operation Start of operation: Sept 2008 Test with Alstom Burners completed Experience makes success possible Alstom CO2 Capture Systems - P 27

28 Oxy-Combustion Process TOTAL Lacq - 30 MWth Pilot Main features (source: Total) 30 MWt retrofitted Boiler Lacq, France Retrofit to oxy-combustion of a 30 MWth existing boiler (natural gas) Located in SW of France Oxy-combustion process started Jul 09 End test expected end 2012 (18 mths extension of the original programme) Approx 120,000 t CO2 to be stored in a depleted gas field ALSTOM scope : Boiler retrofit First fully integrated CCS with pipeline transportation & storage Alstom CO2 Capture Systems - P 28

29 Oxy-Combustion Process Alstom Windsor 15 MW Pilot Main features Located at the Alstom Power Plant Laboratory (PPL) in Windsor, CT, USA 15 MWth oxy-fuel boiler simulation facility (BSF), multi-burner arrangement (tangential firing system) 15 MWth oxy-fuel industrial scale single burner test facility (ISBF) Bituminous coals and lignites Modification of the existing BSF and ISBF test facilities with support from the US Department of Energy (DOE) Started testing in Sept. 09 Oxygen supply via tanks Wet and dry flue gas recycle options Boiler Simulation Facility (BSF) Alstom CO2 Capture Systems - P 29

30 Oxy-Combustion Process The White Rose CCS project in the UK Location: Drax Power Station, North Yorkshire, UK Project Promoters ALSTOM Oxy-fuel Power Plant DRAX BOC-Linde CO 2 Transportation & Storage NATIONAL GRID A new modern ultra-supercritical 426MWe Gross Oxy-fuel Power Plant Clean power generation with the entire flue gas treated to capture 2 Million t/y CO2 Biomass co-firing leading to zero (or negative!) CO2 emissions Associated with National Grid s (NG) regional CO2 transport & offshore storage network Project development activities on-going NER ph1 funding application under EC evaluation. Largest Oxyfuel CCS Demo Alstom CO2 Capture Systems - P 30

31 Potential Large Scale CCS Projects Opportunity in China Datang Daqing 350 MWe Project Full size Oxy-combustion CO 2 capture (~1MtCO2/yr) Cogeneration of Heat and Power based on Super Critical boiler using lignite Location: Daqing, Heilongjiang province EOR and CO 2 storage: adjacent to PetroChina s Daqing oil field for EOR, near to Songliao basin for geological sequestration Datang Dongying 350 MWe Project Partial flue gas stream slip to Post-combustion CO 2 capture (~1MtCO2/yr) Ultra Super Critical boiler using bituminous or sub-bituminous coal Location: Dongying, Shangdong province EOR: very near to Sinopec s Shengli oil field for EOR MOU Datang-Alstom signed in Sept 2011 to develop projects Alstom CO2 Capture Systems - P 31

32 CCS roadmap: time-to market First CCS commercial plants before 2020 then deployement Market and technology development require large-scale demos now! Alstom CO2 Capture Systems - P 32

33 Low carbon technologies in Europe in the next 5 years / MWh 300 CoE Low Carbon technologies New PP over next 5 years EUROPE Up to 45 cents/kwh no stor Reference case 4 hrs sto Low case CSP Tower with storage (82 for Ref CCS Oxy) 50 0 Hardcoal w CCS Post 2017 Gas CCPP w CCS 2017 Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Wind Onshore Wind Offshore Solar Thermal Solar PV 0 Source : Alstom analysis CCS w Post amine 2017 costs, reference value with on shore T&S, CO 2 price and Flue Gas Recirculation for CCS Gas CC. Upper range includes off-shore storage. CoE do not include externalities of Intermittent power (Back-up cost, balancing cost, grid enhancement if required) CCS is already competitive on coal and gas from 2017 to complement other low carbon alternatives to reduce CO2 footprint

34 Agenda Alstom Group Introduction to CO2 emissions CO2 Capture within Alstom Retrofit and Capture ready Conclusion Alstom CO2 Capture Systems - P 34

35 CCS-ready CO 2 regulation already applied CO 2 regulation to be developed No CO 2 regulation to date, IFIs only Coming requirements to be able to meet CO2 reduction target in the future European Union Scope: Coal & Gas fossil plants >300 Mwe Requirement is an assessment of: availability of suitable storage sites, technical and economical feasibility of CO2 capture and transport Suitable space for future CO2 capture UK requires CCS-Readiness (not assessment only) Australia Federal: Requirement to be defined for all new coal PPs Queensland: the requirements for all new coal PPs are: Use of world s best practice low emission technologies CCS-ready + retrofit within 5 yrs after CCS validation NSW & WA: recommendation for all coal power plants: Implement CCS if economically & technically feasible International Financial Institutions Looking at CCS readiness as a requisit to finance

36 Capture-Ready study Identified pre-investments for future capture retrofit - Coal Electrical & Control Building: Extra space Waste Water Treatment System: foresee interconnection with power block WWTS Optimisation of the cooling system recovery of heat in CO2 capture and compression Steam Turbine: reservations in turbine design for future steam extraction Optimisation of the Boiler heat transfer surfaces according Modifications of heat load sharing FGD: leaving space for upgrade Stack duct: potential longer stack duct Transformer Area: installing an isolated bus Provisions in arrangement planning Alstom Capture Ready solutions developed upon three pillars: Early and substantial investment in Capture technologies development Integrated power plant expertise (EPC supplier of turnkey power plant) Component supplier experience (major equipt in 25% of the world installed base) Partnership with Schlumberger to cover the entire CCS chain Alstom CO2 Capture Systems - P 36

37 Alstom-Schlumberger Partnership INJECTORS MONITORING Combining two experts to cover the CO2 Capture, Transport and Storage chain Alstom CO2 Capture Systems - P 37

38 Agenda Introduction to CO2 emissions CO2 Capture within Alstom Retrofit and Capture ready Conclusion Alstom CO2 Capture Systems - P 38

39 Conclusion Fossil Plants will still remain for several decades Reducing CO 2 emissions from these plants is an absolute need to limit global warming to 2 C (the current path leads to 6 C!) CCS is the only alternative to reduce massively fossil plants CO2. It is competitive and affordable on both gas and coal Alstom is currently developing CO 2 capture technologies and is on the good path to commercialise the technology by Large scale demonstrators must happen now to validate the technology on time Pro-activeness on reduction targets, regulations and policy instruments are needed to support demonstration and early commercial phases (ex: FITs, capacity mechanism...) Retrofitable CCS technologies and CCS-Ready are also a must to reach CO2 target Alstom CO2 Capture Systems - P 39 Alstom: a key partner in CCS!