Oxyfuel the way forward and the drivers

Transcription

1 Oxyfuel the way forward and the drivers 1st International Oxyfuel Combustion Conference September 8, 2009 Prof. Lars Strömberg Vice President, Vattenfall Group

2 A leading European energy e company 2

3 The Vattenfall Group Vattenfall sells almost 200 TWh electricity The main part is produced by hydropower, nuclear power and coal. A smaller part is produced by bio fuels and wind power About 20 TWh is produced in combined heat and power plants Vattenfall sell about 40 TWh heat The main part is produced by bio fuels, coal and gas in cogeneration plants 40,000 employees Vattenfall emits about 90 million tons of CO 2 per annum 3

4 The Internal Abatement Project supports Vattenfall s vision to be CO 2 neutral by 2050 Vattenfall s clean energy road map gco 2 /kwh electricity 100% % Vattenfall target curve Abatement vision 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0 0% Key success factors Investment and growth strategy adapted to climate change Strategic market positioning and climate development of our products and services Include climate perspective in all key decisions 4

5 Power generation Making electricity Clean 30% CO2 reduction by 2020 and 85% by 2050 (EU27+Norway) 5000 Cost: /t CO /t CO /t CO Electricity generation [TWh] Wind Gas Hard coal Lignite New Gas biomass & waste New Hard coal Hard coal CCS Lignite CCS New Nuclear New Biomass & waste New Wind 1000 Nuclear 500 Hydro replacements Hydro Year 5

6 15 years of research and development for the CO 2 free Power Plant Targets set in year 1999 Development target 20 /ton avoided CO 2 Capture rate above 95% A 250 MW electric demo-plant by 2015 Commercial concept ready in

7 1996

8 CCS - Roadmap to realisation Experimental Research MW th < 3 million Pilot plant 30 MW th 70 million Demonstration plant MW th ~ 600 million Commercial concept: ~ 1000 MW th Conceptual investigations Theoretical studies Research Basic principles Combustion characteristics Demonstration of the process chain Interaction ti of components Validation of basic principles and scale-up criteria Long term characteristics Non-commercial Verification and optimization of the component choice, the process and reduction of risks Must be commercially viable incl. subsidies Competitive on the market at that time No subsidies 8

9 Oxyfuel Combustion of coal to produce liquid CO 2 for storage

10 Cost calculations Many figures are floating around, between 10 and 100 /ton, depending on the assumptions The avoidance costs stem from Higher investment costs The capture costs energy, or expressed another way: a CCS plant has lower efficiency Maintenance and availability Cost for transport of the CO2 Cost for storing the CO2 10

11 Electricity generation costs (assuming 30 /ton CO 2 ) /MWh CO2 cost Fuel O&M Capital Large PF plant ETS cost PF plant CCS ETS cost 11

12 Oxyfuel benchmarking cost of electricity 12

13 Oxyfuel benchmarking avoidance costs 13

14 Investment costs for large power plants Cost of large power plants with logarithmic trendlines Lower data from known projects with established cost pattern Upper data from calculated cost of CO2 capture equipment Trendline lower set data calculated. Upper trendline same equation as lower Re eal Cost /kw 2007 values y = Ln(x) Base plant Plant with CCS Log. (Base plant) Log. (Plant with CCS) Year 14

15 Learning curves % 10% 11% 15%

16 Specific investment for varying size of plant c Cost EUR/kW Spe Installed power MW 16

17 Total cost, including transport and storage ( /ton CO 2 ) CO2 price in the ETS? Demo Storage Transport Capture 17

18 CCS cost for different plants with different efficiency Examine the cost for the same technology used in different plants: The cost for the CO2 capture equipment stems from what volumes of flue gas, and amount of CO2 shall be treated/captured The power requirement whether oxyfuel (ASU) or post combustion (the stripper steam) is also proportional to the volume flow of CO2 and flue gas Thus, the cost is determined to a large extent by the mass flow of ffuel The recovery of the investment is to a large extent depending on plant efficiency, availability, competitiveness (operating hours) What type of plant gives the best economy??? 18

19 CCS cost for different plants, but same fuel input Assume power input = 1000 MWth. Three plants, a common 80 ies, a supercritical, and an old one The capture equipment treats t exactly the same amount of CO2 resulting in cost and power consumption are the same for all Power use for CCS Power output Normal plant Supercritical Old plant 19

20 CCS cost for different plants, but same fuel input Power in = 1000 MW. Red, a common 80 ies, Yellow a supercritical, and blue an old one Base plant efficiency % Output power loss % Extra generation cost, /MWh 20

21 Cost conclusions A small plant gives higher avoidance cost Specific cost is size dependent A smaller plant is usually less effective A firts of a kind plant is more expensive than the n:th plant Also power plant equipment has a learning curve Risk margins are higher Novel technologies have child s diseases A plant with a lower efficeincy gives a higher avoidance cost Energy cost is relatively higher Investment shall be covered by a smaller output of energy 21

22 Chalmers soxyfuel test rig 22

23 Chalmers Oxyfuel test rig (Coal and Air) 23

24 Chalmers Oxyfuel test rig (Coal and 27 % oxygen) 24

25 View on Oxyfuel Pilot Plant 25

26 Burning coal in the pilot plant 26

27 Jänschwalde demonstartion plant. 500 MW with oxyfuel and post combustion capture 27

28 3D Seismic area 28

29 Components Test Facility COMTES700 HP Header Piping Test Evaporator Panel Test Superheater p 29

30 What comes next? What From comes US dep. next Energy? Chemical looping??? Chemical Chemical Chemical Looping Looping Looping Reactor Reactor Reactor Simulation: Simulation: Simulation: Bed void Bed void Bed fraction) void fraction) fraction) Los Alamos National Laboratory, April 21,

31 Production cost curve 2015 including & excluding CO 2 UR/MWh] Productio on cost [E Wind + Water CO2 levels out production cost based on different fuel types! CHP Nuclear Lignite Coal condense CCGT Gas turbines Light fuel oil condense CHP condense Merit Order 2015 without CO2 Merit Order 2015 with CO2 CO2 price with less impact on gas fired production compared to coal fired. Capacity [GW] 31

32 Conclusions Vattenfall has our targets set for the generation of electricity and heat 50 % reduction to 2030 Entirely CO 2 free in 2050 Our development work is determined by the strategy: Making Electricity Clean CCS is a major part of that t strategy t The speed forward is determined by The economy for CCS Implementation of the legislation Public opinion 32

33 Conclusions We have all three technologies in our portfolio now Oxyfuel is still the preferred technology option We are more convinced than ever, that it is the fastest and least risky path towards commercial CCS I hope you enjoy the week here in Cottbus and that this conference will contribute to bring all good forces together to realize oxyfuel capture technology all over the world. 33

34 A leading European energy e company 34

35 Back up? 35

36 View of the Schwarze Pumpe Pilot Plant June

37 Power Plant Lippendorf 37

38 CCS-demo plants view from south east 38

39 10 years of continuous research now resulting in several larger CCS projects Plant Schwarze Pumpe, Germany Altmark Nordjyllandsverket Jänschwalde Germany Denmark Germany Type Large scale pilot Storage testing, Demonstration Demonstration EGR plant plant Capacity 30 MW 100 kton CO 2 (3 yr test phase) 350 MW 500 MW Fuel Lignite, hard coal - Hard coal Lignite Techn. Oxyfuel EGR,Old gas field, 400Mton Post-combustion Post-combustion and oxyfuel Operation Ca 2015 Ca