Paper ESE Preliminary Examination. Basics of Energy and Environment. General Studies and Engineering Aptitude.

Transcription

1 ESE 2017 UPSC ENGINEERING SERVICES EXAMINATION Preliminary Examination Paper I General Studies and Engineering Aptitude 6 Basics of Energy and Environment Comprehensive Theory with Practice Questions As per new syllabus of ESE 2017 Publications

2 Publications MADE EASY Publications Corporate Office: 44-A/4, Kalu Sarai (Near Hauz Khas Metro Station), New Delhi Contact: , Visit us at: ESE-2017 : Preliminary Examination Paper-I : General Studies and Engineering Aptitude Basics of Energy and Environment Copyright, by MADE EASY Publications. All rights are reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photo-copying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of the above mentioned publisher of this book. 1st Edition : 2016 MADE EASY PUBLICATIONS has taken due care in collecting the data and providing the solutions, before publishing this book. Inspite of this, if any inaccuracy or printing error occurs then MADE EASY PUBLICATIONS owes no responsibility. MADE EASY PUBLICATIONS will be grateful if you could point out any such error. Your suggestions will be appreciated. All rights reserved by MADE EASY PUBLICATIONS. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form without the written permission from the publisher.

3 Preface The compilation of this book Basics of Energy and Environment was motivated by the desire to provide a concise book which can benefit students to understand the concepts of energy and environment topics. This textbook Basics of Energy and Environment provides all the requirements of the students, i.e. comprehensive coverage of theory, fundamental concepts and objective type questions articulated in a lucid language. The concise presentation will help the readers grasp the theory of this subject with clarity and apply them with ease to solve objective questions quickly. This book not only covers the syllabus of ESE but also addresses the need of many other competitive examinations. Topics like Energy & its Conservation, Environment & its Conservation, Environmental Pollution and Degradation, Climate Change, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) are given full emphasis, keeping in mind of our research on their importance in competitive examinations. We have put in our sincere efforts to present detailed theory and MCQs without compromising the accuracy of answers. For the interest of the readers, some notes, do you know and interesting facts are given in the comprehensive manner. At the end of each chapter, sets of practice question are given with their keys, that will allow the readers to evaluate their understanding of the topics and sharper their question solving skills. Our team has made their best efforts to remove all possible errors of any kind. Nonetheless, we would highly appreciate and acknowledge if you find and share with us any printing and conceptual errors. It is impossible to thank all the individuals who helped us, but we would like to sincerely thank all the authors, editors and reviewers for putting in their efforts to publish this book. With Best Wishes B. Singh CMD, MADE EASY

4 General Studies and Engineering Aptitude Contents Basics of Energy and Environment Chapter 1 Energy & its Conservation Introduction Types of Energy Resources Renewable Energy Resources Solar Energy Wind Energy Ocean Energy Hydro Energy Biomass Energy Geothermal Energy Non-renewable Energy Resources Coal Petroleum Natural Gas Nuclear Energy Chemical Sources of Energy Fuel Cells Hydrogen Biofuels Energy Conservation Some Energy Conservation Techniques Energy Conservation in India...17 Objective Brain Teasers...18 Chapter 2 Environment & its Conservation Introduction Nature of Relationship between Man & Environment Environmental Factors Ecology Ecological Principles Significance of Ecology Ecosystem Structure of Ecosystem Types of Ecosystem Ecological Pyramid Food Chain Ecotone Biological Spectrum Ecological Niche Ecological Footprint Carbon Footprint Biotic Succession Biome Types of Biome Biodiversity Extent and Magnitude of Biodiversity Biodiversity Regions of India: Loss of Biodiversity Biodiversity Hotspot Conservation of Biodiversity Environmental Movements and Personalities Environmental Institutions in India Wetlands Mangrove Coral Reef Environmental Degradation Bioremediation Conservation of Environment Indian Organisations for Conservation of Environment International Conventions on Conservation of Environment Environmental Events...51 Objective Brain Teasers...52

5 Chapter 3 Environmental Pollution and Degradation Introduction Pollutant Classifications of Pollution Air Pollution Water Pollution Soil Pollution Noise Pollution Bio Pollution Radiation Pollution Environmental Laws for Controlling Pollution...75 Objective Brain Teasers...76 Chapter 4 Climate Change Introduction Difference Between Climate and Weather Greenhouse Gases Types of Greenhouse Gases Effects of Greenhouse Gases Largest Emitters of Greenhouse Gases Global Warming Possible Effects of Global Warming Approaches to Deal with Global Warming Ozone Layer Causes of Climate Change Natural Causes Anthropogenic Causes Terrestial Causes Evidences of Climate Change Conventions on Climate Change United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Kyoto Protocol Durban Summit COP National Action Plan on Climate Change...94 Objective Brain Teasers...94 Chapter 5 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Introduction EIA Regulations Steps in Environmental Impact Assessment Process Environmental Appraisal Committee (EAC) Roles of Parties in EIA Process Forms of Impact Assessment Strategic Environment Assessment (SEA) Benefits of EIA Limitations of EIA Objective Brain Teasers (vi)

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20