Big Thunder Wind Park

Transcription

1 Big Thunder Wind Park Frequently Asked Questions Prepared for: Horizon Wind Inc. Prepared by: M.K. Ince and Associates April 14, 2011

2 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Project Details and Description 1. Where is a map showing the project area? Where is a map showing the project turbines, roads and electrical taplines? The Site Plan, appended to the Design and Operations Report, is a high resolution map showing the project area and all turbine locations, roads, electrical lines and other equipment. Smaller maps are included in many other reports. The Project Description Report has two maps which show the original study area, turbine locations, access roads, electrical taplines and switching stations that constitute the project. 2. How much area will be cleared for the project? The amount of land cleared to facilitate the construction and operation of the turbines and associated infrastructure will be kept to an absolute minimum. The property proposed for the wind farm spans almost 8,000 hectares; the total cleared area for all turbines, roads, substations, electrical lines, and laydown areas will be around hectares. An area of approximately 70 m by 70 m will be cleared around the base of each turbine to be used for turbine assembly and equipment laydown areas. The turbine tower base will have a diameter of 7.5 m; hence the area occupied by the base itself will be 44 m 2 approximately (See Environmental Screening Report Section 2.4.4). Staging areas will also be cleared in two locations; these are shown in the Site Plan included in Appendix B of the Design and Operations Report. These staging areas will be approximately 30 m by 60 m. Access roads approximately 6 metres wide will be cleared, though roads will be wider than 6 metres at corners and bends. For the overhead electrical tapline, which will connect the project to the electrical distribution grid, a right of way approximately 12 metres in width will be cleared. For more information on land clearing, its effects and proposed mitigation measures please see Section of the Environmental Screening Report. Section 2.4 of the Project Description Report details the project location and includes the various maps. 3. Describe the electrical lines that will carry electricity generated by the wind turbines? What voltage will these lines carry? What type of poles will they be mounted on? Within the project area where the turbines are located, internal electrical taplines (overhead cables) will collect the electricity produced by the turbines and carry it to the switching stations. These electrical collector lines will be mounted on guyed wooden poles. Overhead lines will then connect the turbines to the electricity grid in Neebing and Thunder Bay. These interconnection taplines will be low voltage (25 kv) and will be constructed in two stages. The tapline routes will be within existing electrical line rightof-ways and will be placed on existing hydro poles for the majority of line length. For the remaining line length auger holes will be drilled using a truck-mounted auger and the hydro poles will be installed using a crane. M.K. Ince and Associates 1

3 Phase 1 of the electrical tapline will extend 600 m north from the wind park area to connect to the existing electricity grid within the Municipality of Neebing at Loch Lomond Road. Phase 2 taplines will follow existing electrical poles and existing hydro corridors through the City of Thunder Bay, crossing the Kaministiquia River underground. The total length of the electrical tapline will be approximately 16 km. Line voltages will be 25 kv, equal that of the local distribution lines. Details on electrical facilities and interconnections can be found in Sections Section 2.4.5, and of the Environmental Screening Report. The tapline route is illustrated in Figure 2-2 of the Environmental Screening Report as well as the Site Plan appended to the Design and Operations Report. 4. What make and model of turbine is being used? The model of turbine to be installed is the Enercon E82, with a nameplate capacity of 2.0 MW per turbine. These turbines will have a tower height of 98 m and blade length of 41 meters. The maximum height of the wind turbines will be 139 m. For more details please see Section of the Project Description Report which describes in detail the wind turbine technology to be utilized for this project. Table 2-1 in Section gives the wind turbine specifications. The Wind Turbine Specifications Report provides additional technical details related to the Enercon E82 turbine model. 5. Why are you changing the nameplate capacity and turbine model for the project? Horizon Wind is increasing the nameplate capacity for each turbine from 1.5MW to 2MW. This will not increase the height of the turbines. The increase of the nameplate capacity will permit Horizon Wind to build the first 16.5MW with only 8 turbines instead of the proposed 11. In other words, Horizon will be able to build a given amount of MW with fewer turbines. The model of turbine is Enercon E-82, with a 2.0 MW capacity, with a maximum height of 139 metres. 6. What is happening with the City litigation? What will happen to the 4 turbines currently under dispute? Legal representatives for Horizon Wind and the City of Thunder Bay have been working through a process to achieve a positive resolution for both parties. The goal was to find a win-win situation for both parties. On Monday, April 11 the City ratified a vote allowing the project to advance. Two of the four turbines will remain as part of the proposed Big Thunder Wind Park project. Horizon Wind Inc. and the City of Thunder Bay have reached a compromise regarding the other two turbines. The compromise involves finding alternative locations for the remaining two turbines. Project Proponents and Timeline 7. Who are the proponents of the Big Thunder Wind Park? What history/experience does this company have with wind energy projects? M.K. Ince and Associates 2

4 The proponent of the Project is Horizon Wind Inc., as general partner of Horizon Wind LP, of which Horizon Legacy is a parent company. Horizon Wind LP is 100% Canadian owned, and is privately owned by the Zwig Family. Horizon has over 50 years of experience in the development, construction, financing, management, and operation of major infrastructure projects in Canada, including wind energy projects. Horizon, through its subsidiaries, completed the construction, financing, and commissioning of two wind projects in the 6MW Maryvale Windfarm in Antigonish, Nova Scotia, and the 4.5MW Uilk Windfarm in Pipestone, Minnesota. Additionally, Horizon is developing a 50 MW wind farm in the Rimouski region of Quebec, as well as projects in other regions of Ontario and Northern United States. Please note that Horizon Wind LP should not be confused with Horizon Wind Energy in the U.S. There is no relationship between these two companies. 8. When was this project first proposed? At what point were the public engaged? What was the timeline of this project in terms of public consultation? On May 4 th 2006, a letter was sent to the City of Thunder Bay proposing to develop a wind farm on Big Thunder. On February 22 nd 2008, a Notice of Commencement of Environmental Screening was published in the Thunder Bay Source Newspaper. Since that time there have been 6 public meetings, and continuous information transfer between stakeholders, and the proponents and the authors of the Renewable Energy Application (REA) reports. 9. Why was this particular area chosen (over any others in Ontario) for this project? What criteria are met by this area? The location of the wind turbines is based on constraints such as proximity to environmental features (sensitive areas), wind resource (wind speeds), accessibility, and proximity to electrical lines. These have all informed the placement of the wind turbines, and the initial placement of the wind turbines has been changed in light of input from the public and by factoring in these constraints. 10. What is the lifetime of the project? What will happen at the end of the project s life? The anticipated life of the project is 25 years. At the end of the useful life of the wind turbines, typically 25 years, the old wind turbines will be either refurbished or decommissioned. New foundations and turbines could potentially be installed at this time. Any expansion of the Wind Park (addition of turbines) within these 25 years, or extension of the life of the project would be subject to the Renewable Energy Application or the relevant legislative process in place at the time. 11. How much has the project been altered since it was first proposed? A number of changes have been made since the project was first proposed. Turbines locations have changed to increase distance between the wind farm and local residences, and more recently, a change in turbine model has occurred which will allow for the construction of fewer turbines to meet the contractual obligations of Horizon Wind Inc. under their Feed-in-Tariff contract. Additional studies and commitments have also been made by Horizon Wind to provide a better understanding of the impacts of the development and offset those impacts where they occur. 12. What authorisations/permits are necessary for this project to proceed? M.K. Ince and Associates 3

5 The Big Thunder Wind Park project requires permits from Federal, Provincial, and Municipal levels of government. These are listed in Section 1.3 of the Project Description Report. 13. What is the status of the REA application? The Renewable Energy Approval process is underway, in April 2011 the REA reports will be release to the public and we will invite the population to comment on it and give their input. The REA reports will be posted on our website in April 2011, public consultation will start again with a Notice of Open House to be issued in April Also, mail & notices, Aboriginal notices will be send to everyone registered to our mailing list. 14. How have the questions/requests/comments from the public been dealt with since the project was first brought to the attention of the public? s, letters and phone calls received from the public were logged and all concerns were tabulated up until August 24 th Questionnaires were distributed during Public Meetings and collected and compiled after meetings concluded. While not all concerns can be fully resolved for all stakeholders, Horizon took all reasonable measures to respond to the concerns raised during stakeholder consultations. The consultation period will be extended in April 2011 to get further input from members of the public on the proposed development. All comments received will be logged and the summarized in the Public Consultation Report which will be submitted to the Ministry of Environment along with the Final REA application. 15. Why are you having this open house? Where do I send my comments and concerns now? The MOE is committed to maintaining an open dialogue with the public and Ontario s electricity stakeholders in the implementation of renewable energy projects under the REA process. Horizon is responsible to meet the community to share their intentions, to give the community the opportunity to make comments and get their support. The public commenting period will re-open in April Questions and comments can be submitted online, by , mail, or by attending our next open houses to be held on May 17 th and 18 th. Contact details for each are noted below. Furthermore comments can also be submitted after the Final REA Application has been made through the MOE consultation process. info@bigthunderwindpower.ca Online Feedback: Mailing address: Nhung Nguyen, Horizon Wind 2300 Yonge St. Suite 801, P.O. Box 2300 Toronto, ON. M4P 1E4 Project Impacts 16. How will the turbines affect the view shed from the various vantage points in Thunder Bay? M.K. Ince and Associates 4

6 The Big Thunder Wind Park will be visible from many vantage points around the project area depending on weather conditions. The Visual Impact Assessment Report provides a map showing where and how many turbines will be visible in areas around the project area. Also included in the report are photo-realistic renderings of what the turbines will look like from various viewpoints around the project area. Further information on the visual impacts of the Big Thunder Wind Park can be found in Section of the Environmental Screening Report. 17. Will the turbines be lit? For safety reasons, seven of the eighteen wind turbines will be lit. Lighting will be used only as required by Transport Canada for air navigation and safety purposes. These lights will warn pilots in low-flying aircraft to avoid the turbine blades. White lights will be used during the daytime and red flashing lights during nighttime. The minimum number of flashes per minute and the briefest flash duration permissible by Transport Canada will be used to minimize light pollution and impacts to bird populations. Section of the Environmental Screening Report outlines turbine lighting procedures. A list of wind turbines which are lit are given in Table 3-2 of the Design and Operations Report. 18. Are there any possible health effects? a) Shadow Flicker - How will it affect humans? - Can it affect epilepsy sufferers? - How has shadow flicker been modelled for this project? - How accurate/conservative are the model predictions? Shadow Flicker (SF) occurs when the blades from a wind turbine pass between an observer and the sun. As a wind turbine rotates, the shadow cast by the blades can cause a flicker for an observer, which is considered an annoyance by some people. One important aspect to the impact of shadow flicker is its frequency; the number of times per second a turbine blade crosses between an observer and the sun. Research indicates that frequencies between 2.5 and 20 Hz (cycles per second) cause annoyance and can even trigger epileptic problems for a certain portion of the population [Burton, Sharpe, Jenkins, Bossanyi, Wind Energy Handbook. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2001]. Shadow Flicker was modelled for the Big Thunder Wind Park, using conservative modelling assumptions, and no home was found to experience shadow flicker for more than 19 hours and 4 minutes total per year. The model was created based on site-specific information, geographical and topographical data, solar angles for Thunder Bay, and historical sunshine statistics from Environment Canada's Thunder Bay weather station. The Shadow Flicker Report contains information on shadow flickerhow it was modelled and a map showing the extent of shadow flicker. The map shows the modelled amounts of shadow flicker in the nearby area which recreational users could expect. Conservative modelling assumptions were made which included clear skies every day, constant turbine rotation, and a bare ground (no trees or obstructions). Given these assumptions, the actual amount of flicker that a person would experience will be less than that modelled (especially if they are hiking in tree covered paths). M.K. Ince and Associates 5

7 b) Noise - What sound levels will the turbines emit? - Does the model take into account cliffs and rock faces along the Nor Westers? - Is there a health risk from the sound that the turbines will emit? - What about low frequency sound and infrasound? - How accurate/conservative are the model predictions? When modeled according to the ISO method Acoustics Attenuation of Sound During Propagation Outdoors, all noise levels at points of reception in the vicinity of the Big Thunder Wind Park are predicted to be within the most restrictive MOE noise level limit of 40 dba (equivalent to the sound level inside a quiet room). Figure 6-1 in the Noise Impact Assessment Report shows noise isolines, valid for all wind speeds, indicated on a map along with all receptors and wind turbines. Please note that the noise modelling was undertaken for worst-case conditions; for example no shielding or damping from vegetation or buildings was included, worst-case meteorological conditions were assumed, and ground porosity was underestimated. Section 3.3 of the Noise Impact Assessment Report lists these assumptions resulting in conservative modelling of noise impacts. The noise model does not take into account the cliffs and rock faces along the Nor Westers, as these are not expected to influence noise effects. Exposed rock cliffs are located north of the wind park area, between turbines and noise receptors. Due to the relative orientation of wind turbines, cliffs and noise receptors, no amplification or echo effects are expected. For echoes to be produced, noise sources and receptors must be on the same side of a cliff to allow sound waves to bounce back from cliff faces. As the cliff faces are located between wind turbines and noise receptors, and are oriented to face noise receptors, these effects are not expected. A Noise Impact Assessment Report was produced although it was not required as part of the Renewable Energy Approvals process for this project, since the minimum separation distance between any Big Thunder turbine and point of reception exceeds 850 m (O. Reg. 359/09 Section 55). The noise impacts of the project are also discussed in Section of the Environmental Screening Report Please refer to the noise impact assessment report for details of the noise modelling carried out, and the residences for which noise impacts were modeled. With regards to infrasound, or low frequency sound that cannot be detected by the human ear, available scientific evidence to date does not demonstrate a direct causal link between wind turbine noise and adverse health effects. The report Infrasound from Wind Turbines- Fact, Fiction or Deception was published as a Special Issue for Canadian Acoustics, and is written by a noise and vibration consultant Goeff Leventhall from the United Kingdom, it can be found at this link: WT-CanAcoustics2.pdf For more information on this and other health concerns, please see Section of the Environmental Screening Report. c) Is there a health risk from Power Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields emanating from the power lines? Based on currently-available information, electro-magnetic fields and interference are not considered a serious health concern. The level of EMF (low frequency magnetic field) from the switching stations and turbines at the Wind Park are negligible for public health compared to daily exposure levels. EMF M.K. Ince and Associates 6

8 from overhead electrical taplines will be similar in levels to those experienced by existing overhead distribution lines in the neighbouring community. ELF (low frequency electric field) fields vary in strength according to the voltage of the device in question the higher the voltage, the stronger the field. ELF will be generated by the distribution lines, switching stations, transformers and generators at the Big Thunder Wind Park. The strength of these fields decreases quickly with distance. No significant ELF fields are expected to occur at ground level beneath the turbines. Transformers will step-up voltage from the turbines to 25 kv for interconnection to the existing electrical distribution grid at that voltage. There will be low-voltage (25 kv) overhead electrical taplines used in this project. Both the electric and magnetic fields for the 25 kv overhead cables are expected to be of a magnitude similar to those from the existing electrical distribution lines in the neighbouring community. Section of the Environmental Screening Report gives more details on the potential effects of electro-magnetic radiation on public health. 19. What is ice throw? Is it a risk to safety? During certain conditions ice can build up on wind turbine rotor blades, in a similar way to how ice can build up on stationary structures such as transmission towers, communications towers and buildings. At times, ice can fall from the blades to the ground. From a stationary turbine, ice falls directly downward, and thus presents a similar hazard to ice falling from communication towers or transmission lines. From a rotating turbine, blade ice can be thrown and can present a hazard to people in the vicinity of the turbines. Ice throw only presents a hazard during the specific number of days per year that the weather conditions lend themselves to ice accretion on the turbine blades. A recent study, Recommendations for Risk Assessment of Ice Throw and Blade Failure in Ontario (Garrad Hassan Canada, 2007) found that for an average Ontario site, the risk of a fixed dwelling situated 250 m from a turbine struck by ice fragments is equivalent to 1 event in 300 years. The risk to an individual being struck in the vicinity of the dwelling is equivalent to 1 event in 500,000 years. Considering that all turbines in the Big Thunder Wind Park will be over 4 times this distance (over 1.1 km) away from existing dwellings, and the nearest vacant lot is 1075 m from the nearest turbine, the probability of injury due to ice thrown is extremely small. Turbines will be equipped with sensors to detect ice buildup and cease operation if ice accretion occurs. Additionally, signs warning of the potential for ice fall or ice throw during the winter months will be posted along public trails within the vicinity of the wind turbines. Signs will also be posted along access roads to warn the public of the potential danger of falling ice. For more details on the potential effects of ice throw and mitigation measures see Section of the Environmental Screening Report. 20. Is it possible to predict the effects of the wind park at a particular residence? Noise impacts have been modelled for all homes or points of reception (receptors) within 2000 metres of a wind turbine belonging to the project; please see the Noise Impact Assessment Report for details. Additional receptors that lie more than 2000 m away from the turbines were also included as well as five additional receptors at the Loch Lomond ski area. Photo images depicting proposed turbines from the Big Thunder Wind Park as viewed from several vantage points in Neebing and Thunder Bay were created by Cartographics M.K. Ince and Associates 7

9 of Guelph, Ontario, based on geo-referenced on-site photos. These photo images can also be found in the Visual Impact Assessment Report produced by Cartographics. The Shadow Flicker Report also contains computer generated images of the view at different orientations from 5 representative receptors in the project area. 21. Is the project expected to affect property values? If property values drop upon construction/operation of the wind park, will property owners be reimbursed? The Big Thunder Wind Park is not expected to have a negative effect on the values of properties in the surrounding area. In a study performed by Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory, the potential impact to property values of 24 different wind farms in nine US States was examined. No conclusive evidence to impacts on property prices was found using a variety of statistical models. The study covered sales of nearly 7,500 single family homes within 10 km of each wind farm and was unable to find any consistent, measureable, and statistically significant effect on home sale prices based on either view of the wind farms or distance from the wind farms. Section of the Environmental Screening Report discusses the potential effects of the project on property values in the surrounding area. In the six detailed studies quoted, no statistically significant link was found for changes to property values following construction of a wind farm. One of these studies carried out by the Canadian Wind Energy Association pertains to Municipality of Chatham-Kent in Southern Ontario. Wind farms in this municipality were not found to have a statistically significant negative effect on property values. Despite the evidence that wind farms have no statistically measurable effect on home prices, Horizon cannot guarantee property values within the viewshed of the Big Thunder Wind Farm. 22. Will electricity rates in the City of Thunder Bay and Municipality of Neebing be affected? Individual developers have no control over electricity rates; this is in the hands of Ontario Power Authority. 23. How will the local economy benefit from the project? Will there be any jobs created? If so, what type of jobs and will they be permanent? The project is expected to inject $15 million into the local economy; this figure pertains to the estimated construction cost to be spent locally on labour and equipment but does not include the turbines themselves. The injection of $15 million into the Ontario economy will lead to an increase in employment. Horizon expects 30 jobs to be created directly during construction of the Big Thunder Wind Park, and three permanent jobs during operation of the wind park. Lease payments for use of the land on which the project is located will provide consistent income for the City of Thunder Bay. In addition, property taxes from the project will also provide consistent income to the Municipality of Neebing for the lifetime of the project. Please see Section of the Environmental Screening Report for more details on the socio-economic impacts of the project. 24. Will the project affect tourism in the area? Wind turbines are still relatively new to Thunder Bay District and thus there is a potential for the Big Thunder Wind Park to attract local tourists. It is not, however, expected to M.K. Ince and Associates 8

10 draw tourists from elsewhere in the province. It is also possible that some tourists who visit nearby natural areas may be deterred by the adjacent development of the wind park. The perceived effect of turbines on the landscape is highly subjective. While some people may consider turbines to be a detriment to the landscape, others may find them attractive and interesting. Section of the Environmental Screening Report discusses the potential effects of the project on tourism in the local area and possible mitigation strategies. 25. Will there be any blasting of rock during the construction of the project? What are the potential effects of blasting? Blasting may occur at individual turbine sites during construction. Any required blasting will be scheduled to minimize noise effects during non-daylight hours. Following best practices, Horizon will assess and monitor the condition of wells and structures within 150m of the blasting location. 26. How will the wildlife be affected? (a) Birds Section of the Environmental Screening Report discusses the species of birds that may be affected by the project, and the methods used to survey and monitor their populations through four seasons. Details of the Big Thunder Avian Study are included in the Avian Impact Assessment Report in Appendix D of the Environmental Screening Report. Also included in Appendix E is a review of historical bird observations for the project area. Section of the Environmental Screening Report discusses the potential effects on birds and mitigation measures. The most significant risk factor to avian species associated with the Big Thunder Wind Park relates to the high density of Peregrine Falcon nesting sites in the region surrounding the project. Though no Peregrine Falcon nest sites exist within 1km of any proposed wind turbine, the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Horizon Wind Inc. are consulting on studies of Peregrine Falcon usage of the area where the Big Thunder Wind Park is proposed. The Peregrine Falcon is protected under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Consultation with the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources Thunder Bay District Office is ongoing to determine whether a Section 17 permit under the Endangered Species Act may be required for the project due to the high concentration of Peregrine Falcons nesting near the project area. This is discussed in detail in Section of the Environmental Screening Report and in the Natural Heritage Records Review Report. More details and mitigation measures can also be found in Sections and of the Environmental Screening Report, and the Avian Impact Assessment Report in Appendix E of the Environmental Screening Report. (b) Bats Section of the Environmental Screening Report gives details of bat species that may be affected by the project and how bat populations and activities at the site were monitored. Section of the Environmental Screening Report discusses potential effects of the project on bats and mitigation measures. (c) Plants M.K. Ince and Associates 9

11 With regards to flora that may be affected by the project, sugar maple trees, though not a rare species, is a species of interest to the local community and concern was raised over potential clearing activities. If any sugar maple trees need to be cleared during construction, an equal number of sugar maple trees will be replanted by Horizon nearby. Squaretop Mountain is an International Biological Program (IBP) site and an Area of Natural and Scientific Interest (ANSI) located in the northwest corner of the large project study area. Square Top Mountain covers 260 hectares and includes the largest sugar maple forest in Northwestern Ontario. All proposed infrastructure and construction or operation activities for the Big Thunder Wind Park are at least 2 km away from the nearest boundary of the Squaretop Mountain ANSI, therefore no disturbance to this area will occur. 27. Will the Loch Lomond ski area be affected? Wind turbines will be visible to skiers at Loch Lomond ski area, however the ski trails will remain accessible and their topography preserved. Please see Section of the Environmental Screening Report for more details. 28. Will there be any effects on TV/radio reception? The tower and blades of wind turbines can affect communication signals in certain situations. Generally FM (frequency modulated) signals are much more immune to this electromagnetic interference than AM (amplitude modulated) radio frequency (RF) signals. The effects of electromagnetic interference on FM signals have been simulated in a laboratory environment; the interference manifests as a hissing sound superimposed on the FM signal. Research conducted by Sengupta and Senior (1994) and Chignell (1986) concluded that the effects of wind turbine electromagnetic interference on FM reception is negligible, except within a few tens of metres from a wind turbine. Horizon will investigate any issues to communication signals that may arise. Project Rationale 29. Why build a wind farm at this location in North Western Ontario when there is a surplus of hydro power that is also green? Is another green energy source necessary? Individual developers have no control over transmission lines and provincial electricity supply and rates; this is determined by Ontario Power Authority. That said, the Big Thunder Wind Park project is necessary to help fill the gap between the current demand for power and the increasing demand in the next 25 years, as determined by Ontario Power Authority. Over the next 25 years many power plants may reach the end of their design life (this will also include wind farms) and will need to be either recommissioned or shut down. At that time more energy will be needed from clean sources to replace current power generation. The Ontario Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure state on their website: Today, Ontario s peak capacity is between 26,000 megawatts (MW) and 28,000 MW. Peak demand for electricity is expected to rise to 29,000 MW within 10 years and to 33,677 MW by To meet that demand, we need to refurbish, rebuild or replace almost 80 per cent of our installed generating capacity of more than 30,000 MW between now and 2025, as well as adding some new supply What this means is that 24,000 MW (80 per cent of 30,000) of electricity in Ontario needs to be replaced. The capacity of the proposed Big Thunder Wind Park is 27MW, which is a small contribution, but it has taken over 3 years to develop. M.K. Ince and Associates 10

12 Ontario is attempting to be the first jurisdiction in North America to eliminate its dependence on coal but it must be replaced by something else. Through the new Green Energy Act, Ontario has chosen to pursue a renewable-energy policy, recognizing that renewable energy will fuel the world's future economy and Ontario is planning to achieve a 10% target of its power from wind. 30. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this project? The project advantages and disadvantages are listed in Section 11 of the Environmental Screening Report. M.K. Ince and Associates 11