India s Challenges of an HFC Phase Down
|
|
- Erika Payne
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Sponsored by The Stanley Foundation and the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, University of Texas at Austin May 27-28, 2015 Key Regional Actors and Sector Opportunities for International Climate Change Cooperation University of Texas at Austin India s Challenges of an HFC Phase Down by Anjali Jaiswal, Bhaskar Deol, and Shannon Dilley NRDC This Working Paper was prepared for Key Regional Actors and Sector Opportunities for International Climate Change Cooperation. Participants neither reviewed nor approved this paper; the views expressed are the personal views of the author and not necessarily those of the Stanley Foundation or the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, University of Texas at Austin. This paper is in draft form and has not been edited for publication. The author's affiliation is listed for identification purposes only.
2 After six years of gridlock, the Indian government recently joined over 100 countries in proposing an amendment to the Montreal Protocol to phase down powerful heat-trapping gases known as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). While HFCs are only one or two percent of today s greenhouse gas inventory (on a carbon dioxide equivalent basis), scientists project that HFCs could account for 20 percent or more of the world s heat-trapping burden by This would erase the climate benefits already delivered by the Montreal Protocol. Phasing down HFCs is important because countries will be meeting in Paris, France in December 2015 to discuss climate change at the 21st session of the Conference of the Parties (COP-21). HFCs have a global warming potential (GWP) that is thousands of times greater than carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). For example, the current default refrigerant, HFC-410A has a GWP that is 2088, compared to CO 2 with a GWP of one. This has the potential to contribute to 32 percent of the total global warming impact in India by It will be hard to address climate change at the COP-21 without addressing HFCs. If present trends continue, a perfect storm of regulatory and economic forces will drive up HFC use dramatically in India and other rapidly developing countries. India and other developing countries are scheduled to begin phasing out current refrigerants that are largely used in air conditioners called hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) under the Montreal Protocol because those chemicals deplete the stratospheric ozone layer. However, air conditioning demand is booming as living standards rise for tens of millions of Indian citizens. Room air conditioner sales in India are growing at 30 percent per year and the total number of units in use in India may reach 200 million nearly 10 times the current number by The exponential growth of HFCs is significant because India is prone to the adverse effects of climate change. Not only has India already experienced increasing temperatures and droughts, but it also has experienced variable regional monsoons and increased sea level rise. The amplified heat waves have already resulted in the deaths of thousands of Indians. The increasing temperatures will only increase the use of room air conditioners, resulting in a continual feedback loop. Choices made in the next few years will shape whether Indian consumers, companies and government authorities can turn the challenges of room and vehicle air conditioning expansion into a business advantage and national opportunity while limiting climate change, improving air quality, and making air conditioning more efficient and less costly to operate. The Indian room air conditioning companies have an opportunity to leapfrog and phase down unsustainable technologies based on HFCs and move to a future based on climate-friendly refrigerants and energy-efficient equipment designs.
3 The issues raised by India and other developing countries have been voiced in the past and can be broadly classified as legal, technical and financial in nature. Much progress has been made in discussing these issues in domestic, bilateral and international forums. Legal Aspects For several years, the key legal issue posed by India has been that the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol should govern HFCs, not the Montreal Protocol because HFCs are a greenhouse gas. While these climate treaties address the emissions of HFCs and other greenhouse gases, they do not address production and consumption of HFCs. In addition, the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) under the UNFCCC gave controversial credits for developing country destruction of HFC-23, a powerful heat-trapping by-product of making the refrigerant HCFC-22. The more effective approach would be to include HFCs under the Montreal Protocol. HFCs fall under the jurisdiction of the Montreal Protocol because it requires the safety of replacement chemicals and HFCs were introduced to replace HCFCs. The Montreal Protocol has a 25-year proven track record of directly curbing the production and consumption of a wide range of industrial gases, nipping those problematic pollutants in the bud. With India s recent proposed amendment to the Montreal Protocol, this issue seems to have been resolved. However, a few issues remain. At the last set of meetings, the parties to the Montreal Protocol were discussing other possible arrangements for mutual support between the treaties. Some parties including the United States (U.S.) and European Union (EU) take a position that the Montreal Protocol and the climate treaties are independent and autonomous regimes, meaning that the parties are free to take up HFC controls under the Montreal Protocol without any affect on the UNFCCC or the Kyoto Protocol. The dominant view appears to be that if the parties could agree to an amendment that brings HFCs under the purview of the Montreal Protocol, it would then have legal autonomy to carry out its agreed mandate independent of the climate treaties. Technical Aspects India and other countries have raised concerns about the existence of HFC alternatives. Concerns include managing flammability risks associated with some alternatives, finding alternatives that work adequately at high ambient temperatures, and finding alternatives that can be safely used in densely packed urban environments such as India s megacities, like New Delhi and Mumbai. While there is not a single technology solution, technical experts involved in the Montreal Protocol discussions assert that a basket of alternatives exist for different applications. Some are available today and others are on the horizon. All of the proposed amendments provide a flexible phase down with financial and technological assistance through the Multilateral Fund (MLF) to address the needs of different countries. The tables below from the paper Cooling India with Less Warming summarize the availability of key alternatives on the market. Many more alternatives and blends are under development.
4 Table 1: Technical Options for Room Air-Conditioner Alternatives for HCFC-22 Technical Options for Vehicle Air Conditioner Alternatives to HFC-134a Financial Aspects
5 Financing the transition away from HFCs to more sustainable refrigerants is a major challenge for India. The discussion on alternative financing models ranges from using existing mechanisms like the MLF to the creation of new instruments. India raised concerns about the MLF s past effectiveness in transferring technology and suggests a financial mechanism that looks like the MLF but is outside the Montreal Protocol. Others have questioned India s critique of the MLF and advocate using the framework already in place. Most agree that the most critical information is what HFC transitions will cost an analytical task for the Montreal Protocol s Technology and Economic Assessment Panel (TEAP). India is reluctance to agree on binding commitments for HFC reductions until there is a clear technology pathway to get there with the means for financing the transition with additional resources. Developed countries have noted that it is difficult to deliver funding in the absence of developing country commitments. Hopefully this issue can be resolved before the COP-21. Global Support for Phasing Down HFCs Over 100 countries, including India, 28 EU member states, 54 African countries, Canada, the U.S., Mexico, and Island States support phasing down HFCs through an amendment to the Montreal Protocol. The world s largest economies such as China, the EU, Japan, Australia, and the U.S. are already implementing regulations and market transitions of their own. Global markets are equally active in phasing down HFCs. For example, the Consumer Goods Forum, a conglomeration of over 400 private sector companies have pledged phase down of HFCs. Both China and India have also pledged cooperation during summits with the U.S. in phasing down HFCs by using the proven instruments of the Montreal Protocol. As the global consensus builds towards phasing down HFCs, the key issues that need to be resolved through negotiation are: list of chemicals and possible chemical groupings for HFCs; calculation of the baseline for Article 5 and Non-Article 5 Parties; timetable for freeze and reduction of production and consumption of HFCs; and basis of financing and the start date for funding. The Indian proposed amendment includes a list of 19 HFC substances divided into four groups. It controls HFCs starting in 2016 for developed countries (Non-Article 5 Parties) and 2031 for developing countries (Article 5 Parties), allowing Article 5 Parties a 15-year grace period. It proposes MLF support for full conversion costs for Article 5 Parties. The Indian proposal also maintains the authority under the UNFCCC/Kyoto Protocol to account for and report on HFC emissions. The proposal also asks for licensing of HFC production, import and export, reporting requirements, and limitations on HFC imports and exports to non-parties. India s proposal with regard to the MLF differs from other amendment proposals. Where other proposals call for covering agreed incremental costs (the approach currently used under the Montreal Protocol), India proposes including MLF payment for full conversion costs. These are defined to include civil, electrical, and mechanical aspects of facilities; lost profits and full conversion costs for HFC production plants, manufacturing equipment, and operating costs for five years; training, technicians, awareness, tools, and payment for premature retirement of equipment; and double conversion costs wherever transitional technologies are to be deployed. India s proposal would avoid an estimated 4.2 gigatonne (Gt) of CO 2 GHG emissions by The North American proposed amendment includes Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. It lists 19 HFC chemicals as controlled substances and provides access to the MLF for incremental costs. Article 5 Parties receive a five-year grace period and the phase down schedule is different for Non-Article 5 Parties and Article 5 Parties. It would avoid an estimated 90 Gt of CO 2 equivalent GHG by The Island State proposed amendment was submitted by Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, Mauritius, the Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, Philippines, Samoa, and the Solomon Islands. It lists 22 specific HFCs and hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) as controlled substances, allows access to the MLF for the full-agreed incremental costs, provides for a seven-year grace period, and delineates a different phase down schedule for Non-Article 5 Parties and Article 5 Parties. It could result in the reduction of 100 billion tonnes of CO 2 equivalent emissions by 2050.
6 The European Union proposed amendment was submitted by the 28 member states of the EU. It lists 19 HFCs split up into five groups, provides for a grace period up to three-years, allows access to the MLF for incremental costs, puts forth a phase down schedule for Non-Article 5 Parties and outlines a freeze in consumption for Article 5 Parties short term. The EU proposal would avoid an estimated 79 billion tonnes of CO 2 equivalent emissions by The African Group non-paper was submitted by 54 African countries. It lists 21 HFC substances divided into two groups and provides access to the MLF on an unconditional basis for Article 5 Parties. While it does not outline specific schedules or timeframes, it indicates that controls, freezes, baselines, and grace periods should be determined by the available technology and guided by the principle of Common But Differentiated Responsibilities. Momentum for a global phase down is increasing with several recent amendments and updates. While discussions regarding baseline, chemicals lists, grace periods, and financing mechanisms persist, key players are now at the table and engaging on this very important subject. Two main objectors remain Saudi Arabia and Pakistan. However, international efforts to move this new opposition are being vigorously pursued. India has led before in phasing out chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other chemicals. Now Indian industry and government have the opportunity to examine their technical and policy options. If they are proactive, they have the potential to shape a deal that works for them while benefiting the global climate. HFCs are the low hanging fruit to tackle climate change amending the Montreal Protocol gives developing countries like India, the tools and support mechanisms with a proven track record of an already established and functioning framework. In the end, HFCs are an issue that must be addressed to move forward on climate change The Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) and our partners, the Council on Energy, Environment and Water and the Institute on Governance and Sustainable Development (IGSD) are conducting ongoing research on the business case for phasing down HFCs, the energy efficiency benefits of phasing down HFCs and the amendment proposals to the Montreal Protocol. Resources & Publications Proposed Amendment to the Montreal Protocol Submitted by India, April 16, 2015, Draft Fact Sheet: India Proposes HFC Phase-Down Amendment Proposal to the Montreal Protocol, April 20, 2015, Primer on Hydrofluorocarbons, March 2015, Reducing Stress on India s Energy Grid: The Power Sector Benefits of Transitioning to Lower Global Warming Potential and Energy Efficient Refrigerants in Room Air Conditioners, March Energy Efficiency Gains with Lower Global Warming Impact: A Profile of Air Conditioners Using R-290, November Energy Efficiency Gains with Lower Global Warming Impact: A Profile of Air Conditioners Using R-32, November Frequently Asked Questions on HFCs, October
7 Modelling Long Term HFC Emissions from India s Residential Air-Conditioning Sector, July Update on the HFC Phase-Down in Mobile Air Conditioning: Global Automakers Moving to HFO-1234yf, Except Some German Automakers Waiting for CO 2 Systems, March Cooling India with Less Warming: The Business Case for Phasing Down HFCs in Room and Vehicle Air Conditioners, December conditioner-efficiency.asp
GLOBAL SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HCFCS AND HFCS
GLOBAL SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HCFCS AND HFCS Workshop on Implementation Progress of HCFC Phase-out in A/C and Foam Sector in Thailand Viraj Vithoontien World Bank April 1, 2016 SOURCES OF HCFC SUPPLY Non-Article
More informationUNFCCC COP21 December 5, 2015 Paris, France. Industry Support for Responsible Global HFC Management and Policies
UNFCCC COP21 December 5, 2015 Paris, France Industry Support for Responsible Global HFC Management and Policies Kevin Fay, Executive Director Alliance for Responsible Atmospheric Policy Industry Support
More informationProposed amendment to the Montreal Protocol submitted by the European Union: frequently asked questions
UNITED NATIONS EP UNEP/OzL.Pro.WG.1/36/INF/4 Distr.: General 23 July 2015 English only United Nations Environment Programme Open-ended Working Group of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances
More informationInterlinking Between Montreal Protocol and Energy Efficiency
Interlinking Between Montreal Protocol and Energy Efficiency Walid Chakroun, PhD Fellow ASHRAE, ME Dept. Kuwait University 3 rd HVAC Contracting Conference Evolution of HVAC Industry Qatar November 25-26,
More informationClimate Benefits of a Rapid Global HFC Phase-Out
Climate Benefits of a Rapid Global HFC Phase-Out Assessment of climate benefits of global HFC phase-out scenarios under the Montreal Protocol November 2017 Öko-Recherche Büro für Umweltforschung und -beratung
More informationLooking Ahead: HCFCs, HFC, CTC and other Chemicals Addressing HCFC, CFC and HFC in a Package: World Bank and GEF Cooperation
Looking Ahead: HCFCs, HFC, CTC and other Chemicals Addressing HCFC, CFC and HFC in a Package: World Bank and GEF Cooperation Steve Gorman Ninth Annual Financial Agents Workshop The World Bank Washington,
More informationThe Montreal Protocol is Amended and Strengthened
The Montreal Protocol is Amended and Strengthened By Lynn L. Bergeson Climate change watchers know that October 15, 2016, was a historic day for international climate action. On that day, nearly 200 countries
More information(First Earth Summit-1992)
Summits related to Climate Change India launched an international solar alliance of over 120 countries (Completely or partially between tropic of cancer and Capricorn) at the Paris COP21 climate summit.
More informationStatement of Mack McFarland, Ph.D. Global Environmental Manager
Statement of Mack McFarland, Ph.D. Global Environmental Manager DuPont Fluoroproducts E.I. DuPont de Nemours and Company, Inc before the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform U.S. House of Representatives
More informationLeapfrogging to Super-efficiency and Low Global Warming Potential Refrigerants in Air Conditioning
Leapfrogging to Super-efficiency and Low Global Warming Potential Refrigerants in Air Conditioning Recent Results and Further Work Nihar Shah, PhD, PE May 17, 2016 EXPERTS GROUP ON R&D PRIORITY-SETTING
More informationThe Newest Business Case for an HFC Phasedown: Stephen O. Andersen, IGSD; Bhaskar Deol, Alexander Hillbrand, and Nehmat Kaur, NRDC
The Newest Business Case for an HFC Phasedown: Stephen O. Andersen, IGSD; Bhaskar Deol, Alexander Hillbrand, and Nehmat Kaur, NRDC The Trouble with HFCs HFCs, especially R-410A, are inferior technical
More informationThe Newest Business Case for an HFC Phasedown: Stephen O. Andersen, IGSD; Bhaskar Deol, Alexander Hillbrand, and Nehmat Kaur, NRDC
The Newest Business Case for an HFC Phasedown: Stephen O. Andersen, IGSD; Bhaskar Deol, Alexander Hillbrand, and Nehmat Kaur, NRDC The Trouble with HFCs HFCs, especially R-410A, are inferior technical
More informationHFCs and Climate Policy
HFCs and Climate Policy Presented by Kevin Fay The Alliance for Responsible Atmospheric Policy` October 2009 1 Environmental Protection Issues with Fluorocarbon Technologies Technologies Important for
More informationCOOLING FOR HEALTHY, RESILIENT, STABLE SOCIETIES ROLE OF THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
COOLING FOR HEALTHY, RESILIENT, STABLE SOCIETIES ROLE OF THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL International Conference on Sustainable Cooling Washington, DC 28 November 2018 Milina Battaglini Program Manager Montreal
More informationGlobal HFC phase-down: A concrete step in delivering the Paris Agreement and in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Global HFC phase-down: A concrete step in delivering the Paris Agreement and in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Presented by Eshrat Sharmen Akand Senior Programme Officer 1 Why global phase
More informationIndustry Activities to Promote Responsible Global HFC Management and Policies
Industry Activities to Promote Responsible Global HFC Management and Policies Kevin Fay Executive Director Alliance for Responsible Atmospheric Policy Symposium on International Approaches to HFC Regulation
More informationRecap Day 1. Technical workshop Climate-friendly technology alternatives to HCFC/HFC
Recap Day 1 Technical workshop Climate-friendly technology alternatives to HCFC/HFC Bernhard Siegele GIZ, SV Proklima 28 th May 2015, Tel Aviv, Israel Page 1 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit
More information3 RD EXTRAORDINARY MEETING OF THE PARTIES TO THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYER JULY 2016 VIENNA, AUSTRIA
3 RD EXTRAORDINARY MEETING OF THE PARTIES TO THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYER 22-23 JULY 2016 VIENNA, AUSTRIA STATEMENT BY INDIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE
More informationU.S. Transition from HCFCs to Zero ODP and Low-GWP Alternatives
U.S. Transition from HCFCs to Zero ODP and Low-GWP Alternatives OZONE OFFICERS NETWORK REGIONAL MEETING PARAMARIBO, SURINAME APRIL 7-11 Elizabeth Whiteley, Environmental Scientist Stratospheric Protection
More informationSubsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice
Submission by Australia to the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice Relationship between efforts to protect the stratospheric
More informationA proposed framework to incentivise energy efficiency while transitioning away from high-gwp HFCs
Co-benefit Agenda of the Kigali Amendment A proposed framework to incentivise energy efficiency while transitioning away from high-gwp HFCs INTRODUCTION THE INTERGOVERNMENTAL Panel on Climate Change s
More informationExplainer: hydrofluorocarbons saved the ozone layer, so why are we banning them?
University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health 2017 Explainer: hydrofluorocarbons saved the ozone layer, so why are we
More information2016 edition. Printed with soy ink on 100% recycled paper
The illustration on the cover shows the distribution of ozone above the Antarctic in October 215 (the monthly average in Dobson Unit) based on the data of the Japan Meteorological Agency. 215.1 216 edition
More informationEnergy Efficiency in the context of the Montreal Protocol and its Kigali Amendment
Energy Efficiency in the context of the Montreal Protocol and its Kigali Amendment Promoting Efficient, Clean Cooling through Technology and Policy Innovation Manila, 5 June 2018 Meg Seki/ Ozone Secretariat
More informationLET'S BE REAL ABOUT HFCs: OPPORTUNITIES TO DO THE RIGHT THING. Suely Carvalho, Stephen O. Andersen, Duncan Brack & Nancy Sherman
LET'S BE REAL ABOUT HFCs: OPPORTUNITIES TO DO THE RIGHT THING Suely Carvalho, Stephen O. Andersen, Duncan Brack & Nancy Sherman HFC ASSESSMENT SHARPENING REPORT Authors: Dr Suely Carvalho, Dr Stephen O.
More informationNew Jersey Clean Air Council Primer on Highly Warming Gases and Related Topics
New Jersey Clean Air Council Primer on Highly Warming Gases and Related Topics Air Quality, Energy and Sustainability New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection December 12, 2018 Commissioner s
More informationMaximising the benefits of the global phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons. September 2017
Maximising the benefits of the global phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons September 2017 2 Maximising the climate benefits of the global phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons Authors: Dennis Clare, Institute for
More informationThe role of the Montreal Protocol in protecting present and future climate: A scientific perspective
ATOC4800/ATOC5000/ENVS5830: Policy Implications of Climate : Critical Issues in Climate and the Environment, Prof. Weiqing Han University of Colorado Boulder Boulder, CO 20 February 2019 The role of the
More informationMr. Jean-Jacques Becker, Chair CDM Methodology Panel 20 Sept 2004 c/o CDM Secretariate UN Framework Convention on Climate Change sent by
Mr. Jean-Jacques Becker, Chair CDM Methodology Panel 20 Sept 2004 c/o CDM Secretariate UN Framework Convention on Climate Change sent by email INEOS Fluor Limited PO Box 13 The Heath Runcorn Cheshire WA7
More informationQ&A for CDM HFC 23 Incineration Projects
Q&A for CDM HFC 23 Incineration Projects In response to a note in the press recently raising concerns regarding HFC 23 incineration/destruction CDM projects and the associated request to revise the existing
More informationQUESTIONS & ANSWERS ABOUT REGULATING HYDROFLUOROCARBONS UNDER THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS ABOUT REGULATING HYDROFLUOROCARBONS UNDER THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL INTRODUCTION S trengthening the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer ( Montreal Protocol ) to
More informationUNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
23 March 2006 ENGLISH ONLY UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE SUBSIDIARY BODY FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVICE Twenty-fourth session Bonn, 18 26 May 2006 Item 12 (b) of the provisional
More informationUS INDUSTRY LEADERSHIP IN SUPPORT OF A GLOBAL HFC PHASEDOWN
US INDUSTRY LEADERSHIP IN SUPPORT OF A GLOBAL HFC PHASEDOWN Working Group Session on Fluorinated Gases Technical Expert Meeting on Action on Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases Bonn October 22, 2014 What Has Been
More informationPROPOSAL FOR A SCHEME TO PHASE DOWN HFCs
PROPOSAL FOR A SCHEME TO PHASE DOWN HFCs The European Fluorocarbons Technical Committee (EFCTC), a sector group of the European Chemical Industry Association (CEFIC), on behalf of Arkema, DuPont, Honeywell,
More informationUpdates on regulation and standards globally
Updates on regulation and standards globally ATMOsphere America San Diego June 5, 2017 Marc Chasserot Group CEO, shecco GLOBAL POLICY TRENDS Overview 1. Global initiatives (Paris Agreement, Kigali) 2.
More informationDaikin s Policy. and Comprehensive Actions on the Environmental Impact of
Daikin s Policy and Comprehensive Actions on the Environmental Impact of Daikin is constantly mindful of the environmental and climate change impact of our products and we are committed to delivering cost-effective
More informationConcept Paper: GEF-5 Ozone, Climate, and Chemicals Program
GEF Council Meeting June 5 7, 2012 Washington, D.C. GEF/C.42/09 May 7, 2012 Concept Paper: GEF-5 Ozone, Climate, and Chemicals Program Table of Contents I. Program and Sector Background...1 Managing ODS
More informationDomestic Approaches to Address High- GWP HFCs
Domestic Approaches to Address High- GWP HFCs June 2015 Atlanta, GA Gerald Wozniak Environmental Engineer Office of Atmospheric Programs U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2 Why are HFCs a Concern? HFCs
More informationThailand: HCFC Phase-out Management Plan Stage II
Thailand: HCFC Phase-out Management Plan Stage II Department of Industrial Works March 21, 2018 Bangkok, THAILAND Viraj Vithoontien Montreal Protocol Coordinator The World Bank Group Outline Preparation
More informationAlternatives to HFCs. CSE Media Briefing on Climate Change. Markus Wypior. GIZ Proklima 6 th November 2015, New Delhi
Alternatives to HFCs CSE Media Briefing on Climate Change Markus Wypior GIZ Proklima 6 th November 2015, New Delhi Introduction Ice Harvesting in Massachusetts, early 1850 s CCl 2 F 2 In the late 1920
More informationWAY TO GO WITH UNIDO. Mapping the HFC phase-down KIGALI AMENDEMENT
WAY TO GO WITH UNIDO Mapping the HFC phase-down KIGALI AMENDEMENT adopted on 15 October 2016 Blazing a trail: UNIDO and the HFC phase-down With the Kigali Amendment, the Montreal Protocol will be an even
More informationIndustry Activities to Promote Responsible Global HFC Management and Policies
Industry Activities to Promote Responsible Global HFC Management and Policies Kevin Fay Executive Director Alliance for Responsible Atmospheric Policy Side Event: Global Action to Reduce HFC Emissions:
More informationPRESS RELEASE. First round of UN climate change negotiations in 2014 set to kick off in Bonn with special focus on renewables and energy efficiency
For use of the media only PRESS RELEASE First round of UN climate change negotiations in 2014 set to kick off in Bonn with special focus on renewables and energy efficiency Governments to continue work
More informationAIRAH Refrigerants Update controls on refrigerants
AIRAH Refrigerants Update controls on refrigerants Speaker: Patrick McInerney Stratospheric clouds above Davis Station, Antarctica Key points of presentation Outlook for refrigerants Phase-out of HCFCs
More informationODS bank management A global roadmap and guidelines
ODS bank management A global roadmap and guidelines Click to start At any point in the presentation, go back to the content overview by clicking here Welcome to the ODS bank management tool To learn more
More informationRefrigerants Indian Perspective
Refrigerants Indian Perspective Dr. Atul S. Padalkar Principal Flora Institute of Technology, Pune KYOTO PROTOCOL World Top Ten GHGs Emitters (2010) Source: BP, Statistical Review of World Energy (London:
More informationComment No. 1 From: Thomas Grammig [mailto:trgram@compuserve.com] Sent: Thursday, February 18, 2016 8:44 PM To: bd-pm-pi@jcm.go.jp Subject: Input on BOCM "Energy Saving by Introduction of High Efficiency
More informationGreenhouse Gas Protocol Accounting Notes No. 1
Greenhouse Gas Protocol Accounting Notes No. 1 Accounting and Reporting Standard Amendment February, 2012 Required greenhouse gases for inclusion in corporate and product life cycle This Accounting Note
More informationNew Zealand s phase down of hydrofluorocarbons to ratify the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol and associated supporting measures
New Zealand s phase down of hydrofluorocarbons to ratify the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol and associated supporting measures CONSULTATION DOCUMENT This document may be cited as: Ministry for
More informationStudy on Financing Options for LVCs with Servicing Only Resource Mobilisation opportunities to address the climate co-benefits identified in HPMPs
Study on Financing Options for LVCs with Servicing Only Resource Mobilisation opportunities to address the climate co-benefits identified in HPMPs Joint Meeting of the OzonAction Networks of Mexico, Central
More informationAVERTING CLIMATE CATASTROPHE Our obligation to adopt an ambitious Kigali HFC amendment to the Montreal Protocol
EIA Briefing to the 38 th Resumed OEWG and the 28 th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol October 8-14, 2016, Kigali, Rwanda AVERTING CLIMATE CATASTROPHE Our obligation to adopt an ambitious
More informationThe G20 and Climate Change Beyond Goal-Setting at Brisbane
The G20 and Climate Change Beyond Goal-Setting at Brisbane Joshua Busby LBJ School of Public Affairs, University of Texas-Austin Introduction The United Nations continues to face major collective action
More informationRIO+20 DURBAN. Powering climate solutions CANCUN. Growing Consensus, Joint Actions. Let s lock in. XIE Zhenhua. Supporting solutions
DURBAN The magazine of the United Nations Environment Programme December 2011 RIO+20 XIE Zhenhua Growing Consensus, Joint Actions Oliver Letwin Let s lock in green growth LISA JACKSON Supporting solutions
More information- Changes in the concentration of gases can increase or decrease Earth s temperature.
Greenhouse effect Human and natural causes The source of energy that drives the Earth s climate is the radiation of the sun. To balance the incoming energy, the Earth itself must radiate on average the
More information17th World Clean Air Congress, Busan, Korea Clean Air for Cities: Perspectives and Solutions 29 August 2 September 2016
17th World Clean Air Congress, Busan, Korea Clean Air for Cities: Perspectives and Solutions 29 August 2 September 2016 1. OVERVIEW OF THE MEETING With air pollution now a global environmental and health
More informationThe HFC imperative. Essential action for global climate protection
The HFC imperative Essential action for global climate protection Left unchecked HFC use will prove fatal to efforts to arrest and reverse climate change Executive summary ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This briefing
More informationCOMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT. Reviewing Regulation (EC) No 2037/2000 on substances that deplete the ozone layer
EN EN EN COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Brussels, 1.8.2008 SEC(2008) 2367 final COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT Reviewing Regulation (EC) No 2037/2000 on substances that deplete the ozone layer
More informationJapan s National Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Fiscal Year 2012 (Final Figures) <Executive Summary>
Japan s National Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Fiscal Year 2012 (Final Figures) Concerning the estimation of the final figures: final figures means the figures officially submitted to
More informationPacific Islands Framework for Action on Climate Change
Climate Change 2006 2015 Page 1 of 10 Pacific Islands Framework for Action on Climate Change 2006-2015 (i) Scope In this framework, Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs ) refers to American
More informationStudy on the Collection and Treatment of Unwanted Ozone- Depleting Substances in Article 5 and Non-Article 5 Countries
Study on the Collection and Treatment of Unwanted Ozone- Depleting Substances in Article 5 and Non-Article 5 Countries Final Report May 2008 Prepared by ICF International This page intentionally left blank.
More informationEP UNEP/OzL.Pro.WG.1/29/8
UNITED NATIONS United Nations Environment Programme EP UNEP/OzL.Pro.WG.1/29/8 Distr.: General 04 May 2009 Original: English Open-ended Working Group of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances
More informationEfficiency gains and sustainable RAC sector transformation: Why? How?
Efficiency gains and sustainable RAC sector transformation: Why? How? Roundtable Discussion A Sustainable transformation of the Refrigeration and Air-conditioning sector with a specific focus on improving
More informationMerging the Transition to Next Generation HVAC Refrigerant Technology with Effective Climate Policy
Merging the Transition to Next Generation HVAC Refrigerant Technology with Effective Climate Policy Mike Thompson, Ingersoll Rand Steve Kujak, Ingersoll Rand ABSTRACT As the world s governments begin to
More informationDraft COMMISSION REGULATION
EN EN EN EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, Draft COMMISSION REGULATION of determining, pursuant to Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, certain restrictions applicable to the
More informationASIC 200 CLIMATE NEGOTIATION SIMULATION PARTICIPANT INSTRUCTIONS
ASIC 200 CLIMATE NEGOTIATION SIMULATION PARTICIPANT INSTRUCTIONS This simulation is an 8-group (10 actor) role-play that simulates the negotiations at a hypothetical international climate change conference
More informationYes, is attached. Yes, is attached.
CDM: Form for submission of requests for revisions of approved methodologies to the Methodologies Panel (version 01) (To be used by project participants, through the DOE/AE, for requesting revisions of
More informationAnnouncements. Homework 8 - due today Midterm Paper 2 - due Tuesday, Nov. 20
Tuesday, November 13th. Announcements. Homework 8 - due today Midterm Paper 2 - due Tuesday, Nov. 20 Lecture #19-1 In the news. More fuel to the legal confrontation between states and the federal government
More informationCLIMATE CHANGE AND CANADIAN BUSINESS
CLIMATE CHANGE AND CANADIAN BUSINESS What Does COP21 Mean for Canadian Business? Overview In December, Prime Minister Trudeau will lead a delegation, including the premiers, to the UN climate change conference
More informationworking towards reducing global-warming HFCs under the Montreal Protocol
International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer 2016 Address by the Minister of Education, Innovation, Gender Relations and Sustainable Development Dr. Gale Rigobert Today, 16 th September, Saint
More informationNote by the secretariat. Summary
UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL FCCC/SBI/2006/13 17 August 2006 Original: ENGLISH SUBSIDIARY BODY FOR IMPLEMENTATION Twenty-fifth session Nairobi, 6 14 November 2006 Item 8 of the provisional agenda Implementation
More informationGTZ Proklima The Montreal Protocol And It s Contribution To The Protection Of The Global Climate Seite 1
GTZ Proklima The Montreal Protocol And It s Contribution To The Protection Of The Global Climate 07.07.2009 Seite 1 Presentation - Outline Montreal Protocol (MP) control schedule GTZ Proklima - Mandate
More informationThe IIR s global network of universities and companies and its tools for researchers and students in all refrigeration and cryogenics fields
The IIR s global network of universities and companies and its tools for researchers and students in all refrigeration and cryogenics fields International Institute of Refrigeration Houston, USA April
More informationAchieving Multiple Objectives in the Phase-out of Ozone Depleting Substances
Achieving Multiple Objectives in the Phase-out of Ozone Depleting Substances Mack McFarland, Ph.D. DuPont Fluoroproducts Agenda 2 DuPont Mission Sustainable Growth The Montreal Protocol success story Considerations
More informationCOOLING INDIA WITH LESS WARMING:
COOLING INDIA WITH LESS WARMING: The Business Case for Phasing-Down HFCs in Room and Vehicle Air Conditioners As living standards rise for tens of millions of people, India is on the verge of an enormous
More informationBreaking the Climate Deadlock A Global Deal for Our Low-Carbon Future. Executive Summary. Report submitted to the G8 Hokkaido Toyako Summit June 2008
Report submitted to the G8 Hokkaido Toyako Summit June 2008 Breaking the Climate Deadlock A Global Deal for Our Low-Carbon Future Executive Summary The Office of Tony Blair The Climate Group Executive
More informationCOP 17: DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA
COP 17: DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference as part of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Overview Background High-Level Outcomes Canadian
More informationIntroducition to International Climate Change Law
Introducition to International Climate Change Law Prof. Tracy Hester Environmental Law Fall 2014 Houston, Texas October 14, 2014 Why the Public Demonstrations and Protests? Climate Week NYC, Sept. 22-28,
More informationHCFCs, HFCs and alternatives. April 7, 2009
Projected Supply and Demand of HCFCs, HFCs and alternatives Nick Campbell/Tom Werkema April 7, 2009 Contents t Future analysis CFC Production for MDIs in the EU HCFC and HFC production and demand trends
More information2007 EU-U.S. SUMMIT STATEMENT ENERGY SECURITY, EFFICIENCY, AND CLIMATE CHANGE
2007 EU-U.S. SUMMIT STATEMENT ENERGY SECURITY, EFFICIENCY, AND CLIMATE CHANGE Ensuring secure, affordable supplies of energy and tackling climate change are central, interlinked global challenges facing
More informationDevelopment of Baseline and Mitigation Strategy for the Thai Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Sector
Development of Baseline and Mitigation Strategy for the Thai Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Sector Project Overview Marion Geiss, GIZ PROKLIMA Bangkok, 29 th October 2012 page 1 Content Baseline and
More informationPhase Down of HFC Consumption in the EU Assessment of Implications for the RAC Sector EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Phase Down of HFC Consumption in the EU Assessment of Implications for the RAC Sector EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Version 11 September 2012 Phase Down of HFC Consumption in the EU Assessment of Implications for
More informationI. Introduction. Note by the Co-Chairs. A. Mandate. B. General objectives and approach to the workshop. 6 February 2014
Summary report on the workshop on lessons learned from relevant experience of other multilateral environmental agreements ADP 2, part 3 Warsaw, Poland, 13 November2013 Note by the Co-Chairs 6 February
More informationCO 2 Commercialization In Refrigerated Transport
CO 2 Commercialization In Refrigerated Transport Efficient and sustainable container refrigeration applications using CO 2 2014 Carrier Corporation Jim Taeckens, Senior Product Manager, Global Container
More informationXII European Conference on Technological Innovations in Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Industry. Politecnico di Milano June 8-9, 2007
XII European Conference on Technological Innovations in Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Industry Politecnico di Milano June 8-9, 2007 Regulating fluorinated refrigerants: The EU Regulation M. Avraamides
More informationSubmission to the CDM Executive Board on HFC-23 CDM projects
Energy and Climate Division Lambert Schneider Jakob Graichen Eva Stricker l.schneider@oeko.de j.graichen@oeko.de 7 October 2004 Submission to the CDM Executive Board on HFC-23 CDM projects 1 Introduction
More informationNEW ZEALAND Submission to the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for enhanced Action Work Stream 2 September, 2013
NEW ZEALAND Submission to the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for enhanced Action Work Stream 2 September, 2013 Context 1. This submission responds to the invitation from the Ad Hoc Working
More informationJapan s National Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Fiscal Year 2016 (Final Figures 1 ) <Executive Summary>
Japan s National Greenhouse Gas in Fiscal Year 2016 (Final Figures 1 ) Japan s total greenhouse gas 2 in fiscal year (FY) 2016 were 1,307 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents
More informationAdditional information on progress in implementing enhanced action prior to 2020 in accordance with decision 1/CP.21, section IV
United Nations FCCC/CP/2018/7 Distr.: General 14 September 2018 Original: English Conference of the Parties Twenty-fourth session Katowice, 2 14 December 2018 Item X of the provisional agenda Additional
More informationInternational Efforts to Control Climate Change
International Efforts to Control Climate Change IPCC Open Symposium New scientific findings on climate change and the importance of GHG inventory to assess mitigation progress Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
More informationCommittee The Finance and Expenditure Committee. Climate Change (Emissions Trading and Renewable Preference) Bill. This submission is made by
The Finance and Expenditure Committee Climate Change (Emissions Trading and Renewable Preference) Bill This submission is made by Refrigeration, Air Conditioning Companies Association (R.A.C.C.A) Contact
More informationEcolibrium. Phased. The HFC phase-down definitively explained. AUGUST 2018 VOLUME 17.7 RRP $14.95 PRINT POST APPROVAL NUMBER PP352532/00001
Ecolibrium AUGUST 2018 VOLUME 17.7 RRP $14.95 PRINT POST APPROVAL NUMBER PP352532/00001 Phased The HFC phase-down definitively explained. Low-down on the phase-down The Australian HFC phase-down commenced
More information15.023J / J / ESD.128J Global Climate Change: Economics, Science, and Policy Spring 2008
MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 15.023J / 12.848J / ESD.128J Global Climate Change: Economics, Science, and Policy Spring 2008 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit:
More informationBasics of Carbon Finance. Klaus Oppermann, World Bank Carbon Finance Unit Tenth Annual Financial Agent Workshop Washington DC, June 28, 2006
Basics of Carbon Finance Klaus Oppermann, World Bank Carbon Finance Unit Tenth Annual Financial Agent Workshop Washington DC, June 28, 2006 Overview Kyoto Protocol. Clean Development mechanism CDM. World
More informationThe Climate Institute
The Climate Institute Erwin Jackson, Deputy CEO Reflections on UNFCCC COP19 Melbourne University, 27 November 2013 Progress has been made since Copenhagen International climate change negotiations have
More informationLambert Kuijpers. Technical University. Co-chair Task Force Co-chair UNEP TEAP
Report of the TEAP XXI/9 Task Force Lambert Kuijpers Technical University Eindhoven, NL ATMOSPHERE 2010 Co-chair Task Force Co-chair UNEP TEAP Brussels 27-2828 September 2010 1 Introduction - TEAP has
More informationGE 2211 Environmental Science and Engineering Unit IV Global Warming. M. Subramanian
GE 2211 Environmental Science and Engineering Unit IV Global Warming M. Subramanian Assistant Professor Department of Chemical Engineering Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering Kalavakkam 603
More informationKey Developments in Cooling Technologies and Policies
Key Developments in Cooling Technologies and Policies UN Environment United for Efficiency COP23 Side Event: Energy-Efficient Lighting, Appliances and Equipment: Opportunities for Developing and Emerging
More informationEnvironmental Impacts of. Energy Production
CH2356 Energy Engineering Environmental Impacts of Energy Production Dr. M. Subramanian Associate Professor Department of Chemical Engineering Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering Kalavakkam
More informationArctic Council Secretariat. Kiruna Declaration. Kiruna, Sweden, 15 May 2013
Arctic Council Secretariat Kiruna Declaration Kiruna, Sweden, 15 May 2013 KIRUNA DECLARATION On the occasion of the Eighth Ministerial Meeting of the Arctic Council We, the Ministers representing the
More informationDevelopment of HFC Regulations and Lessons Learned The Canadian Experience
Development of HFC Regulations and Lessons Learned The Canadian Experience Martin Sirois Environment and Climate Change Canada CCAC WS, Montreal, Canada November 18, 2017 Purpose To provide an overview
More information