Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies Joint Institute for High Temperatures Russian Academy of Sciences (IVTAN H2lab)

Transcription

1 Hydrogen technologies for power engineering Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies Joint Institute for High Temperatures Russian Academy of Sciences (IVTAN H2lab)

2 Hydrogen energy technologies Objective: to increase energy efficiency and environmental safety of power production and better utilize the primary energy sources by implementation of hydrogen technologies Increasing of renewables share in energy balance High pressure electrolyzers; Co generation systems; Hydrogen storage; Fuel cells Load management systems for nuclear and coal High pressure electrolyzers; Hydrogen oxygen oxygen steam generators; High power stations in European part of Russia temperature fuel cells (SOFC and MCFC) Combined power and heat supply of distributed Fuel processors; Purification and compression; Co generation systems; Fuel customers Cells; Storage systems Using hydrogen containing by product gases for autonomous power supply in industry Increasing of environmental safety and efficiency of power plants Portable and back up power supply Separation and storage technologies; Turbines; Hydrogen combustors, Fuel Cells Purification and compression; Electrolyzers; H 2 /O 2 steam generators; Storage; Hydrogen cooling for turbogenerators Fuel processors; Low temperature fuel cells; Reversible and regenerable hydrogen storage , Moscow, Stolovy pereulok, building 4, office 2, Phone: +7 (495) , Fax: +7 (495) ; Web site: info@ge-prize.org 2

3 Energy flux limits Fuel Cells Energy flux is limited by diffusion of charge carriers in electrolyte W FC max ~ 10 3 W/m 2 Combustion systems Energy flux is limited by sound velocity in critical cross section: W SG max~ H T ~ W/m 2 and by conversion of mechanical energy into electric energy: W EG max ~ H m2 /4p ~ 10 7 W/m 2 W EG /W FC ~ 10 4 critical surface ratio: A FC /A EG ~ 10 4 Small scale preferable Large scale preferable , Moscow, Stolovy pereulok, building 4, office 2, Phone: +7 (495) , Fax: +7 (495) ; Web site: info@ge-prize.org 3

4 Thermodynamic limits Fuel Cells max power Combustion systems max power L 3 FC p FC 2 0 ( E RT ln p FC L H r 298 ) TU ( ) TU EG E H r 3 RT ln p Combustion can be more efficient at high power level and Fuel cells can be more efficient at low power level , Moscow, Stolovy pereulok, building 4, office 2, Phone: +7 (495) , Fax: +7 (495) ; Web site: info@ge-prize.org 4

5 Combustion: Hydrogen-Oxygen yg Steam Generators O 2 H 2 H 2 O Low cost H 2 /O 2 steam generators allow to set up different thermodynamic energy transformation cycles employing contemporary and future high temperature steam turbine technologies. They have virtually no limitations on temperature of superheated steam which generally depends on the materials of boiler units and steam pipes and allow to modernize existing power installations, create new high temperature power units, and also produce high-temperature steam for technological processes , Moscow, Stolovy pereulok, building 4, office 2, Phone: +7 (495) , Fax: +7 (495) ; Web site: info@ge-prize.org 5

6 Combustion: Hydrogen-Oxygen yg Steam Generators H 2 /O 2 steam generators Conventional units (Coal, Oil, NG / Air) Maximal temperature of steam Very high: C Moderate: C Heat transfer to working media Direct: mixing Indirect: through a wall Efficiency 98 99,5% % Size of units Small: 10 3 m 3 /MW Huge: 10 m 3 /MW Combustor thermal power per volume Very high: 10 3 MW/m 3 Moderate: MW/m 3 Wall temperature 200 C water film cooling C steam cooling C Starting time Fast: 50 sec Very slow: sec 50% load change Very fast: < 1 sec Slow: 500 sec Pollution NONE CO 2, NO x, SO x, Ash, etc , Moscow, Stolovy pereulok, building 4, office 2, Phone: +7 (495) , Fax: +7 (495) ; Web site: info@ge-prize.org 6

7 Combustion: Hydrogen-Oxygen yg Steam Generators Ignition unit O 2 Water for film cooling Combustion chamber Water or low temperature steam Mixing chamber H 2 10 MW steam generator , Moscow, Stolovy pereulok, building 4, office 2, Phone: +7 (495) , Fax: +7 (495) ; Web site: info@ge-prize.org 7

8 Combustion: Hydrogen-Oxygen yg Steam Generators , Moscow, Stolovy pereulok, building 4, office 2, Phone: +7 (495) , Fax: +7 (495) ; Web site: 8

9 Combustion: Hydrogen-Oxygen yg Steam Generators Experimental setup H 2 /O 2 steam generator, 150 kw (thermal) Steam temp., K Steam pressure, MPa Specific power, kw/kg Application High temperature steam for technological needs and autonomous power units H 2 /O 2 steam generator, 25 MW (thermal) Load management at nuclear and coal power plants by steam superheating and hydrogen energy accumulation H 2 /O 2 steam turbine power unit, up to Autonomous hydrogen power units 5MW , Moscow, Stolovy pereulok, building 4, office 2, Phone: +7 (495) , Fax: +7 (495) ; Web site: info@ge-prize.org 9

10 Combustion: Hydrogen-Oxygen yg Steam Generators 25 М model on test bench Model Thermal power Steam parameters Т, K Р, MPa 20 K kw ,5 100 K kw M MW M MW kw steam generator , Moscow, Stolovy pereulok, building 4, office 2, Phone: +7 (495) , Fax: +7 (495) ; Web site: info@ge-prize.org 10

11 Combustion: Hydrogen-Oxygen yg Steam Generators Integrated system of co-production of energy and chemicals from excess resources of Energy System Electricity market Industry Base Load Power Peak Power LH 2 market Off-peak Power GH 2 Clean Fuels H 2 O 2,... NH 3 E.R. or Fuels market Chemicals market , Moscow, Stolovy pereulok, building 4, office 2, Phone: +7 (495) , Fax: +7 (495) ; Web site: info@ge-prize.org 11

12 Energy balance for geothermal power plant with hydrogen-oxygen steam superheating Using hydrogen oxygen oxygen steam superheating technology it is possible to increase the efficiency of geothermal power plant on 2 3% , Moscow, Stolovy pereulok, building 4, office 2, Phone: +7 (495) , Fax: +7 (495) ; Web site: info@ge-prize.org 12

13 Hydrogen storage On-board storage for hybrid vehicles On-board storage for FC vehicles (Irreversible and regenerable) New materials (up to 4-5% wt/); Composite (50 MPa) vessels; Experimental tanks Experimental systems; Composite (50 MPa) vessels; Prototypes Demonstration kg H 2 projects 2.5 kg H 2 Prototypes integrated with FC; Demonstration projects up to 5 kg H 2 Reversible for stationary New materials; Prototypes integrated Commercialization applications Experimental systems for 10 m 3 /h and 10 kg H 2 ; with FC (5-100 kw); Commercialization back-up power autonomous power supply; Irreversible systems for Catalysts; t New Prototypes t and Commercialization stationary and portable applications materials; Experimental systems for 10 kw; Prototypes t of portable Demonstration for 100 kw power units; Regeneration technologies; autonomous power supply; systems Commercialization of portable systems , Moscow, Stolovy pereulok, building 4, office 2, Phone: +7 (495) , Fax: +7 (495) ; Web site: info@ge-prize.org 13

14 Hydrogen storage: Metal hydride technologies Hydrogen Metal hydride Hydrogen Charge Heat removal Storage Safe Compact Efficient Discharge Heating Reaction heat (25 70 kj/mole H 2 ) Heat problem: low thermal conductivity Fine dispersed (1 10 m) ) , Moscow, Stolovy pereulok, building 4, office 2, Phone: +7 (495) , Fax: +7 (495) ; Web site: info@ge-prize.org 14

15 Hydrogen storage Experimental investigations: modular reactor H hydride cartridge; 2 MH module; 3 casing with water heat exchanger; 4 cover kg of Mm 0.8 La 0.2 Ni 4.1 Fe 0.8 Al 0.1 alloy , Moscow, Stolovy pereulok, building 4, office 2, Phone: +7 (495) , Fax: +7 (495) ; Web site: info@ge-prize.org 15

16 Hydrogen Storage and Purification Primary power sources Experimental hydrogen storage and purification system integrated with PEM Fuel Cell Impure hydrogen Metal hydride hydrogen purification Solid state hydrogen storage 5 kw Fuel Cell Systems for autonomous and uninterruptible power supply of telecommunication nodes, clinics, datacenters, etc. 5 kw model load , Moscow, Stolovy pereulok, building 4, office 2, Phone: +7 (495) , Fax: +7 (495) ; Web site: info@ge-prize.org 16

17 Hydrogen Storage and Purification РХО 2: shell and tube type reactor with outer and inner cooling of hydride bed inside tubular cartridges РХО 3: shell and tube type reactor with outer and inner cooling of hydride bed inside tubular cartridges Experimental cartridge РХО 5: 5 outer wall is made from corrugated tube, combined water/air cooling is possible.

18 Hydrogen Storage and Purification Materials: development of AB 5 alloys with optimized properties Charge: 25 о С, 0.66 bar MH purification LaFe 0.1 Mn 0.3 Ni 4.8 Discharge: 80 о С, 7.6 bar Charge: 25 о С, 1.1 bar Hydrogen storage La 0.5 Nd 0.5 Al 0.1 Fe 0.4 Co 0.2 Ni 4.3 Discharge: 80 о С,, LaFe 0.1 Mn 0.3 Ni La 0.5 Nd 0.5 Al 0.1 Fe 0.4 Co 0.2 Ni 4.3 Р Н2 атм 10 1 % H К 298 К 0,1 0 0,5 1 1,5 % H 2 Масс% Н 2 Р Н2 атм ,1 0 0,5 1 1,5 Масс% % H2 Н К 298 К Fuel Cell Inlet pressure bar

19 System Integration Pure Hydrogen Fuel Cells Solid State Storage High purity hydrogen for industry Impure Hydrogen Primary sources (incl. renewable) Purification and compression with MeHy

20 Hydrogen storage: Global E Grant Global Energy Youth Grant winners, Saint-Petersburg, 2005 The research team gathered within the Global Energy Youth Grant has been efficiently cooperating till now Dmitry Borisov Alexey Volodin Dmitry Dunikov Vasily Borzenko Dmitry Lazarev , Moscow, Stolovy pereulok, building 4, office 2, Phone: +7 (495) , Fax: +7 (495) ; Web site: info@ge-prize.org 20