Activities within the German Research project "Lime Stone based Absorption of CO2" (LISA)

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1 Petersenstrasse Darmstadt / Germany Phone: Activities within the German Research project "Lime Stone based Absorption of CO2" (LISA) Bernd Epple Technische Universität Darmstadt Oviedo, September 2009

2 CO 2 -Capture Technologies from Power Plants: Categories Pre-Combustion Technology Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC-CCS) complex process, high costs, high energy demand Oxyfuel Technology Energy demand for O 2 Production (cryogenic ASU) Efficiency Loss ( Δη ~ 10% - Points) -> Alternative: Chemical Looping (fluidized bed based) ( Total Δη < 4% - Points) Post Combustion Technologies e.g. MEA scrubbing - high cost - spent sorbents -> environmental - efficiency loss ( Δη >10% - Points) + several references -> Alternative: Carbonate Looping Eff. loss CL: Δη < 3 % - Points (w/o compr.) CO 2 -compression: Δη ~ 3 %- Points Total Δη ~ 6 % 1

3 Site Plan of EON Power Plant Staudinger New Unit MW el CO 2 Capture Extension area Quelle: EON 2

4 Scheme for Retrofit of an Existing Power Plant CO reduced 2 flue gas CO compression 2 ESP Carbonator Q 2 Q C 900 C ESP Q 1 CaO CaCO 3 Flue gas from reference plant FGD Fan CaCO 3 3 O 2 Coal ASU Q 3 CaO/CaCO 3 CO 2 capture by CaO CaO +CO 2 CaCO 3 CaCO 3 CaO +CO 2 Reference plant: 1052 MW el hard coal-fired power plant Net efficiency of reference plant: 45.6 % -> Basis for a FEASIBILILY STUDY 3

5 Feasibility Study Summary Retrofit of existing power plant is feasible. (Treatment of flue gas with a temperatures above 60 C) Repowering: Electrical power of total plant increases by ~80 %. Steam parameters of 600 C / 620 C in the CL unit are feasible Efficiency decreases by < 3 % points (without CO 2 compression). CO 2 compression reduces efficiency by % points CO 2 capture of ~ 88 % (w/o CO 2 compression; w CO 2 compress ~ 83 %) Addition of fresh limestone ~ 55 t/h ( t CaCO 3 /t CO 2 in flue gas) CO 2 avoidance costs of /t CO 2 Further need of research and development. 4

6 Sketch of a Carbonate Looping Unit Carbonate looping unit for one flue gas cleaning path (of in total two parallel paths) for post-combustion CO 2 capture of 1052 MW el hard coal fired plant. Calciner *37 m² Carbonator *194 m² 1,3 5 1,2 1. To steam generator 2. Flue gas w/o CO 2 3. CO 2, H 2 O 4. Flue gas after FGD (one of two paths) 5. Cyclones 1,2 1,3 Calciner *37 m² 4 *:horizontal cross section 5

7 CCS Research Project Carbonate Looping Acknowledgements COORETEC Project LISA Limestone based Absorption of CO2 & Technology Oct Lhoist Hitachi Power Europe COORETEC is an initiative by the Federal Ministry of Economics (BMWi) for the development of a power plant fired by fossil fuels with prospects for the future. COORETEC means CO 2 reduction technologies 6

8 Scheme of 1 MW th Test Unit at TU Darmstadt (Carb. Loop) Coal Stack Flue gas ID Fan Filter Filter Fly ash Heat Exchanger Cyclone Heat Exchanger Filter Fly ash CO 2 ID Fan Air Air Coal Combustor Flue gas Carbonator 650 C Cyclone CaCO3 CaO 900 C Calciner CaCO3 Coal CaCO 3 CaO +CO 2 FD Fan Ash Fan Option: Air Ash Steam Blower N 2 O 2 CO 2 O 2 CO 2 Option CO 2 capture by CaO CaO +CO 2 CaCO 3 7

9 Combustion Chamber 1MW Combustion of Coal, Biomass, RDF Function: Flue Gas Source for Capture Capture Technical Data Combustion Chamber Burner Water Cooled Heat exchanger Thermal Load Height Outer diameter Inner diameter 1 MW 7 m 1300 mm 750 mm 8

10 CFB600 Circulating Fuidized Bed Carbonate Looping: Function as Carbonator Chemical Looping: Function as Air Reactor Technische Daten CFB600: Thermal duty height External diameter Internal diameter up to 1MW >10 m 1300 mm 600 mm 9

11 CFB400 Circulating Fuidized Bed Carbonate Looping: Calciner Chemical Looping: Fuel Reactor Technical Data CFB400: Thermal duty 1500 kw Flue gas T C height External diameter Internal diameter 10,5 m 1000 mm 400 mm 10

12 CAD View - 1 MW th Test Unit at TU Darmstadt Calciner Carbonator Filters Gas tanks Coal combustor Height 20 m Fans 500 m 2 11

13 Site Location Existing Building CCS Building Area 500 m 2 (New) 12

14 Building at TUD for CCS Test Rig Status May

15 Building at TUD for CCS Test Rig Status September

16 CCS Research Project OXYFUEL Chemical Looping EU-Projekt: ECLAIR Emission Free Chemical Looping Coal Combustion Process Partners: Air Liquide, Alstom, Chalmers, CSIC, SINTEF, Vattenfall, EST TU Darmstadt Dauer: 4 Jahre (Juli 2008 Juni 2012) 15

17 Principles of CLC N 2 (+ excess O2) Oxygen carrier O 2 Me CO2 H2O AIR FUEL 16

18 Time Schedule - construction activities for the Building completed - Design of the Reactors completed - Manufacturing + Refactory Lining of Reactor Parts Delivery to site 14. September 15. October Erection Steel platforms + galleries 21. September 10. October Erection Assembly Reactor Parts started 14. September Commissioning, beginning in January

19 Location: TU Darmstadt Campus 30 km from Frankfurt Airport 18

20 Thank you for your attention! 19