2010 Southern Piedmont Small Grains Field Day

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1 Newsletter for the Southern Piedmont of North Carolina Vol 3, Issue 1 May 2010 Union County, 3230-D Presson Road Monroe NC Stanly County, E Newt Road Albemarle NC Inside This Issue 2010 Southern Piedmont Small Grains Field Day 2010 Southern Piedmont Small Grains Field Day Resistant Ryegrass Burn Down Update PPO Inhibitors for the Southeast Have Fun and be Safe Contact: Andrew Gardner Extension Agent-Union Agriculture andrew_gardner@ncsu.edu Shannon Braswell Extension Agent-Stanly Agriculture shannon_braswell@ncsu.edu CAUTION: Information & recommendations presented are applicable in the Southern Piedmont of NC & may not apply in your area. Consult your local Extension agent. Distributed in furtherance of the acts of Congress of May 8 and June 30, North Carolina State University and North Carolina A&T State University commit themselves to positive action to secure equal opportunity regardless of race, color, creed, national origin, religion, sex, age, veteran status or disability. In addition, the two Universities welcome all persons without regard to sexual orientation. North Carolina State University, North Carolina A&T State University, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and local governments cooperating. Recommendations for the use of chemicals are included in this publication as a convenience to the reader. Mention or display of a trademark, proprietary product, or firm in text or figures does not constitute an endorsement or imply approval to the exclusion of other suitable products or firms by North Carolina State University, North Carolina A & T State University or North Carolina Cooperative Extension nor discrimination against similar products or services not mentioned. Individuals who use chemicals are responsible for ensuring that the intended use complies with current regulations and conforms to the product label. Be sure to obtain current information about usage regulations and examine a current product label before applying any chemical. Tuesday May 18, :30 p.m. to 7:00 p.m 1420 Lee Cooke Rd Event will qualify for 2 hours NCDA N,O,D & X pesticide recertification credits Plots will Include Head Scab Management Fungicide Wheat Seed Treatments Insecticide Wheat Seed Treatments General Wheat Fungicide Evaluations Poultry Litter Application Timing Topdress Additives Wheat and Canola Varieties Premergence Herbicides for Wheat Canola Variety by Planting Rate ~ Sponsored Meal To Follow Event

2 Glyphosate Resistant Ryegrass Burn Down Update Glyphosate resistant ryegrass was discovered in both Union and Stanly Counties last year. Currently these resistant populations have remained relatively isolated,but with the widespread use of glyphosate it is safe to anticipate this becoming a more widespread occurrence. Current trials conducted with plants from these locations indicate to obtain 95% or greater control it requires glyphosate rates of 4 to 8 times that of labeled rates. Application of such high rates is not only illegal but also cost prohibitive. Therefore in anticipation of this becoming a widespread problem two trials were conducted in Union County this year to evaluate alternative options for ryegrass control. The first trial was conducted to evaluate control obtained by glyphosate and alternatives to glyphosate in a corn system. This trial was conducted at 2 different locations and data is averaged over location. The first application of herbicide was made on March 9, 2010 with 15 GPA. All treatments were applied with proper adjuvant selection for the product COC (Crop Oil Concentrate) or NIS (Non-Ionic Surfactant) Many treatments within this trial were 2 pass treatments with the first application being made on March 9 and a second application made on March 24. With these particular treatments control data is only listed in the second column. Some treatments were also one pass treatments and only made at either at the first application and are listed under first for the application timing or were only made at the second timing on March 24 and are listed as second on the application timing. % Italian Ryegrass Control Days after Days after Application first application second application Herbicides Rates/acre timing R up PowerMax followed by 22 fl oz First ( ) R up PowerMax + atrazine Second ( fl oz + 1 qt 2010) followed by 2 pt + 1% First Gramoxone + atrazine + COC 2 pt + 2 pt + 1% Second followed by 3 pt + 1% First Gramoxone + atrazine + COC 3 pt + 2 pt + 1% Second Gramoxone + atrazine + COC 3 pt + 2 pt + 1% Second N/A N/A Select Max + COC 12 fl oz + 1% First Select Max + COC followed by 12 fl oz + 1% First Gramoxone + atrazine + COC 3 pt + 2 pt + 1% Second Stout + NIS 0.75 oz % First Stout + NIS followed by 0.75 oz % First Gramoxone + atrazine + COC 3 pt + 2 pt + 1% Second Gramoxone + Linex + COC followed by 2 pt + 1 pt + 1% First Gramoxone + atrazine + COC 2 pt + 2 pt + 1% Second pt + 1% First Gramoxone + atrazine + COC 3 pt + 2 pt + 1% First R up PowerMax followed by 22 lf oz First Gramoxone + atrazine + COC 2 pt + 2 pt + 1% Second R up PowerMax + Basis followed by 22 fl oz oz First R up PowerMax 32 fl oz Second N/A N/A LSD

3 Based on the data from this trial it is a safe assumption to conclude that paraquat will be a likely alternative treatment if the resistance becomes more widespread. We are currently accustomed to making our burn down applications with glyphosate in low volumes and with nozzles that produce large droplet sizes. This application technique provides good results with systemic herbicides, yet is likely not the best for any contact herbicides regardless of application timing, pre or post emergence. Therefore the second trial was conducted to evaluate Italian ryegrass control by paraquat as influence by nozzle type and application volume. All treatments were applied on March 9, 2010 to ryegrass 5 inches tall with five to seven tillers. All treatments, except the untreated check, received Gramoxone Inteon at 3 pints per acre. % Control XR (10 GPA) 11002XR (20.3 GPA) (21 GPA) (50 GPA) 11002AI (21 GPA) Nozzle 11002AI (50 GPA) TurboTI (21 GPA) 15 Days After App. 30 Days After App % ryegrass control Nozzle Pressure Volume Days after application (PSI) (GPA) 7 days 15 days 23 days 30 days 11002XR (Flat Fan) XR (Flat Fan) XR (Flat Fan) XR (Flat Fan) AI (Air Inducted) AI (Air Inducted) TTI (Turbo Air Inducted) LSD From this data we can conclude that nozzle type is important but application volume plays the largest role in control. This information is valid in multiple applications. The first is for resistance management if resistance develops on your farm we have information to combat it. If it has not developed we have information to avoid it. I would also encourage you to look at your application volumes closely as post-emergence application timing is rapidly approaching and match nozzle type and output to the mode of action you are applying. If you are using a contact herbicide keep in mind good contact is essential and the easiest way to increase contact it to apply more gallons per acre. This will decrease the number of acres per fill up but will increase the control on those acres. 3

4 PPO inhibitors for the Southeast Corn Cotton Peanut Soybean Aim Cadet Resource Reflex Blazer Aim Authority/Sonic Blazer Cadet Envive Flexstar Prefix Reflex Resource XLT As many of you are painfully aware Palmer Amaranth is a growing problem in North Carolina crop production and is becoming more prevalent in the Piedmont. In an effort to control this weed many of you will be using the family of chemicals known as PPO inhibitors. Currently there are no documented cases of Palmer Amaranth developing resistance to this mode of action, however a close cousin of it has, Water Hemp. Currently, the Midwest is facing a species of Water Hemp that is resistant to Glyphosate, PPO Inhibitors, ALS inhibitors and Triazines. This is a situation that causes great concern due to the possibility of the same 4-way resistance occurring in Palmer and is one we must use extreme caution to avoid. The best avoidance method is by rotating various families of chemistry to prolong the longevity of these valuable tools. Therefore, it is strongly advised that only 1 PPO inhibitor be used per crop per growing season. We have included a list of many common PPO inhibitors currently used in the Southeast to aid in your decision making. This list is not all inclusive but it does contain many of the commonly used PPO inhibitors. So for example, if you are using PPO inhibitor for preemergent, then it would be advisable for you to use another family of chemistry other for your post emergent spray.

5 Have Fun and Be Safe ~ Youth Outdoor Safety Event ~ Free entrance for youth into the 1 st Annual Union County Farm Show and Festival with registration to Have Fun and Be Safe. Youth ages 5-12 will participate in fun and educational exhibits from 10:00am to 1:00pm. Lunch will be provided, along with a t-shirt for the first 200 youth participants. PRE-REGISTRATION IS ENCOURAGED To register call the Extension Office at Location: Union County Agricultural Services Center 3230 Presson Road, Monroe, NC ATV Safety Farm Equipment Safety Sun & Hydration Safety Firearm Safety Boat Safety Electrical Safety Fire Safety Outdoor Equipment Safety Vol 3, Issue 1, June 2010 Newsletter for the Southern Piedmont of North Carolina 3230-D Presson Rd Monroe NC 28112