Course PENG 351 Natural Gas Engineering

Transcription

1 Course No. Course PENG 351 Natural Gas Engineering Instructor: Dr. Adel Mohamed Salem Ragab Part-time Phone: Office 2655 Office: Petroleum Dept. SSE Building. Room 1005 Office Hours: SW- 11:00-2:00 Catalog Description: Course PENG 351 Natural Gas Engineering (3 crs.) Prerequisite: PENG 331 Phase behavior of Multicomponent Systems; Differential and Flash Vaporization; Solubility of Natural gas in Reservoir Fluids; Compressibility Factor and Computations; Gas Treatment and Liquefaction; Transmission. Textbooks: 1. Boyun Guo and Ali Ghalambor: Natural Gas Engineering Handbook, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, Texas, Saeid Mokhatab, William A. Poe, and James G. Speight: Handbook of Natural Gas Transmission and Processing, Gulf Professional Publishing, ISBN 13: , Elsevier Inc., Abdel-Aal, H. K., Aggour, M., and Fahim, M. A. : Petroleum and Gas Field Processing, Marcel Dekker Inc, A publication of the Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission: Back-Pressure Testing of Gas Wells, Edition Chi U. Ikoku : Natural Gas Production Engineering, Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida, R. V. Smith: Practical Natural gas Engineering, 2nd Edition, PennWell Publishing Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma, Donald L. Katz and Robert L. Lee: Natural Gas Engineering, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, McCain, W. D. : The Properties of Petroleum Fluids, 2nd Edition, Penn well Publishing Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma, John Lee and Robert A. Wattenbarger: Gas reservoir engineering, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Richardson, TX, Course Objectives The main objective is to furnish students with the basic concepts, equations, and analysis methods used for evaluation, production, transportation, and management of natural gas resources. Other objectives are to: 1. Develop students' ability in solving natural gas engineering problems by analytical thinking and reasoning, while applying the integrated knowledge of physics, mathematics, geo-sciences and engineering sciences, 2. Develop students' ability in overcoming design and operational problems encountered in natural gas production and transmission facilities, 3. Guide students to work in teams and for discussing and exploring the solutions to the natural gas engineering problems by creative thinking.

2 The above objectives are matched to the chemistry PENG objectives in table (1) below course Objectives PENG Objectives Table (1): matching of the course objectives to the PENG BSc. objectives Course outcomes On completion of the course students should be able to: 1. Learn about the path of natural gas from its reservoir, production to its usage by the customer. 2. Know the typical composition of natural gas reservoirs and types of natural gas resources 3. Understand the basic concepts and properties of natural gas 4. Identify the different types of gas reservoirs 5. Understand the phase behavior of gas reservoir 6. Understand gas reservoir deliverability and gas well testing 7. Calculate natural gas reserves and recovery factor 8. Understand the volumetric methods, material balance, and decline curve analysis. 9. Calculate gas flow rates (gas flow measurement); 10. Understand dehydration processes 11. Know the most important processes of purification, storage, and distribution of natural gas. 12. Understand separation system and gas transportation. 13. Understand the necessity of transportation of natural gas to the market by liquefaction 14. Predict conditions for hydrate formation in natural gases. 15. Demonstrate capability to run calculations relating to all concepts above. Course Contents Prerequisite by topics 1. Properties of Reservoirs fluids, 2. Fundamentals of Reservoir Engineering, 3. Classification of Petroleum Reservoirs; 4. Material balance equations, Reserves; 5. Principles of Fluid Flow, 6. Single & Multiphase flow, 7. Compressible Fluid Flow, Flow in Porous Media,

3 Topics Chapter one: Introduction to Natural Gas Engineering 1. Introduction What Is Natural Gas? Utilization of Natural Gas Natural Gas Industry Natural Gas Reserves Types of Natural Gas Resources Future of the Natural Gas Industry 2. Properties of Natural Gas Introduction Specific Gravity Pseudocritical Properties Viscosity Compressibility Factor Gas Density Formation Volume Factor and Expansion Factor Compressibility of Natural Gas Real Gas Pseudopressure Real Gas Normalized Pressure Chapter two: Properties of Natural Gases and Condensate Systems Introduction Composition of Natural Gas Phase Behavior The Ideal Gas Boyle s Law Charles Law: Part 1 Charles Law: Part 2 Boyle s & Charles Laws Avogadro s Law The Ideal Gas Law Properties of Gaseous Mixtures Behavior of Real Gases Chapter Three: Gas Reservoir Deliverability 3.1. Introduction: GAS WELL-TESTING 3.2. Deliverability Tests 3.3. Analytical Methods Analytical Methods, P < 2000 psia Analytical Methods, P > 3000 psia 3.4. Empirical Methods 3.5. Back Pressure Test 3.6. Isochronal Test Isochronal Test Procedure Chapter Four: Phase Behaviour 4.1. Fundamentals of Hydrocarbon Phase Behavior:

4 4.2. Single-component Systems P-V Diagram Phase Envelop and Quality Lines Experimental Phase Behaviour P-T Diagram Vapor Pressure by Cox-chart and Equations Typical Temperature/Density Diagram Critical Density The Molal Critical Volume Saturated Liquid Density by Rackett Saturated Liquid Density by Spencer and Danner Example Problem and References Chapter Five: Gas Volumes and Material-Balance Calculations 5. Introduction 5.1. Volumetric Methods 1. Volumetric Dry-Gas Reservoirs 2. Dry-Gas Reservoirs with Water Influx 3. Volumetric Wet-Gas and Gas-Condensate Reservoirs 5.2. Material Balance Methods Volumetric Dry-Gas Reservoirs Dry-Gas Reservoirs with Water Influx Methods for Estimating Water Influx Van Everdingen-Hurst Method Carter-Tracy Method, and Fetkovich Method Estimating OGIP for a Dry-Gas Reservoir with Water Influx Chapter Six Decline Curve Analysis for gas wells 6. Introduction to Decline Curve Analysis I. Conventional Analysis Techniques 1. Exponential Decline 2. Harmonic Decline 3. Hyperbolic Decline II. Decline Type Curves 1. Fetkovich Decline Type Curve Procedure for Gas Well Decline Curve Analysis with the Fetkovich Type Curve 2. Carter Decline Type Curve Procedure for Gas- Well Decline-Curve Analysis Using the Carter Type Curve 3. Limitation of Decline Type Curves. Chapter Seven: Gas Flow Measurement 7. Introduction 7.1. Orifice Meters Advantages Disadvantages Orifice Meter Principle Orifice Equation Factors, C ; 7.2. Critical Flow Prover

5 7.3. Choke Nipples 7.4. Pitot Tube Chapter Eight: Dehydration 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Dehydration of Natural Gas 82.1 Water Content of Natural Gas Streams Dehydration Systems Glycol Dehydrator Design 8.3 Removal of Acid Gases Iron-sponge Sweetening Alkanolamine Sweetening Glycol/Amine Process Sulfinol Process Chapter Nine Separation 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Separation of Gas and Liquids Principles of Separation Types of Separators Factors Affecting Separation Separator Design 9.3 Stage Separation 9.4 Flash Calculation 9.5 Low-temperature Separation Chapter Ten Transportation 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Pipeline Design Sizing Pipelines Pipeline Wall Thickness Grading policy Grade 1Attendance, class performance and participation 5% Grade 2 Midterm Exam -1 25% Grade 3Midterm Exam % Grade 4 Class Quizzes 5% Grade 5 Assignments (Homework) 10 % Grade 6 Written Final Exam (selected units) 30% Prepared by: Dr. Adel Salem Spring 2011